aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/doc/FAQ_chinese
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/FAQ_chinese')
-rw-r--r--doc/FAQ_chinese1313
1 files changed, 691 insertions, 622 deletions
diff --git a/doc/FAQ_chinese b/doc/FAQ_chinese
index 9e0dd9b33fe..43d46647592 100644
--- a/doc/FAQ_chinese
+++ b/doc/FAQ_chinese
@@ -1,725 +1,794 @@
- PostgreSQL ³£¼ûÎÊÌ⣨FAQ£©
+ PostgreSQL 常è§é®é¢ï¼FAQï¼
- ×î½ü¸üУº2005 Äê 06 Ô 02 ÈÕ ÐÇÆÚÎå 22:27:35 CST
+ æè¿æ´æ°ï¼2007 å¹´ 1 æ 5 æ¥ ææäº 15:40:20 EST
+ 䏿çæè¿æ´æ°ï¼2007 å¹´ 1 æ 29 æ¥ ææä¸ 22:48:04 CST
- Ŀǰά»¤ÈËÔ±£ºBruce Momjian (pgman@candle.pha.pa.us)
- ÖÐÎİæÎ¬»¤ÈËÔ±£ºdoudou586 £¨doudou586_2005@yahoo.com.cn£©
+ ç®åç»´æ¤äººåï¼Bruce Momjian (pgman@candle.pha.pa.us)
+ 䏿çç»´æ¤äººåï¼Daojing.Zhouï¼doudou586@gmail.comï¼
- ±¾ÎĵµµÄ×îа汾¿ÉÒÔÔÚ
- http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html²é¿´¡£
+ æ¬ææ¡£çææ°çæ¬å¯ä»¥å¨
+ http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.htmlæ¥çã
- Óë²Ù×÷ϵͳƽ̨Ïà¹ØµÄÎÊÌâÔÚhttp://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/Àï»Ø´ð¡£
+ 䏿ä½ç³»ç»å¹³å°ç¸å³çé®é¢å¯å¨http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/éæ¾å°ç­
+ æ¡ã
_________________________________________________________________
-³£¼ûÎÊÌâ
+常è§é®é¢
- 1.1)PostgreSQL ÊÇʲô£¿¸ÃÔõô·¢Òô£¿
- 1.2)PostgreSQL µÄ°æÈ¨ÊÇʲô£¿
- 1.3)PostgreSQL ¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÔÚÄÄЩ²Ù×÷ϵͳƽ̨ÉÏ£¿
- 1.4)ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½ PostgreSQL£¿
- 1.5)ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½¶Ô PostgreSQL µÄÖ§³Ö£¿
- 1.6)ÎÒÈçºÎÌá½»Ò»¸öBUG±¨¸æ£¿
- 1.7)×îаæµÄPostgreSQL ÊÇʲô£¿
- 1.8)Äܹ»»ñÈ¡µÄ×îÐÂÎĵµÓÐÄÄЩ£¿
- 1.9)ÎÒÈçºÎÁ˽âÒÑÖªµÄ BUG »òÔÝȱµÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¿
- 1.10)ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùѧϰ SQL £¿
- 1.11)ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑù¼ÓÈ뿪·¢¶ÓÎ飿
- 1.12)PostgreSQL ºÍÆäËûÊý¾Ý¿âϵͳ±ÈÆðÀ´ÈçºÎ£¿
- 1.13)Ë¿ØÖƺ͹ÜÀíPostgreSQL £¿
-
-Óû§¿Í»§¶ËÎÊÌâ
+ 1.1)PostgreSQL æ¯ä»ä¹ï¼è¯¥æä¹åé³ï¼
+ 1.2)è°æ§å¶å管çPostgreSQL ï¼
+ 1.3)PostgreSQLççææ¯ä»ä¹ï¼
+ 1.4)PostgreSQLå¯ä»¥è¿è¡å¨åªäºæä½ç³»ç»å¹³å°ä¸ï¼
+ 1.5)æä»åªéè½å¾å°PostgreSQLï¼
+ 1.6)ææ°ççPostgreSQL æ¯ä»ä¹ï¼
+ 1.7)æä»åªéè½å¾å°å¯¹PostgreSQL çæ¯æï¼
+ 1.8)æå¦ä½æäº¤ä¸ä¸ªBUGæ¥åï¼
+ 1.9)æå¦ä½äºè§£å·²ç¥ç BUG ææç¼ºçåè½ï¼
+ 1.10)è½å¤è·åçææ°ææ¡£æåªäºï¼
+ 1.11)æåºè¯¥ææ ·å¦ä¹ SQL ï¼
+ 1.12)å¦ä½æäº¤è¡¥ä¸ææ¯å å¥å¼åéä¼ï¼
+ 1.13)PostgreSQL åå¶ä»æ°æ®åºç³»ç»æ¯èµ·æ¥å¦ä½ï¼
+
+ç¨æ·å®¢æ·ç«¯é®é¢
- 2.1)ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓÃʲôÓïÑÔºÍ PostgreSQL ´ò½»µÀ£¿
- 2.2)ÓÐʲô¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ PostgreSQL ÓÃÓÚ Web Ò³Ãæ£¿
- 2.3)PostgreSQL ÓµÓÐͼÐÎÓû§½çÃæÂð£¿
+ 2.1)æä»¬å¯ä»¥ç¨ä»ä¹è¯è¨åPostgreSQL æäº¤éï¼
+ 2.2)æä»ä¹å·¥å·å¯ä»¥æPostgreSQL ç¨äº Web 页é¢ï¼
+ 2.3)PostgreSQL æ¥æå¾å½¢ç¨æ·çé¢åï¼
-ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÎÊÌâ
+ç³»ç»ç®¡çé®é¢
- 3.1)ÎÒÔõÑù²ÅÄÜ°Ñ PostgreSQL ×°ÔÚ /usr/local/pgsql ÒÔÍâµÄµØ·½£¿
- 3.2)ÎÒÈçºÎ¿ØÖÆÀ´×ÔÆäËûÖ÷»úµÄÁ¬½Ó£¿
- 3.3)ÎÒÔõÑùµ÷ÕûÊý¾Ý¿âÒýÇæÒÔ»ñµÃ¸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ£¿
- 3.4)PostgreSQL Àï¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃʲôÑùµÄµ÷ÊÔÌØÐÔ£¿
- 3.5)ΪʲôÔÚÊÔͼÁ¬½ÓµÇ¼ʱÊÕµ½¡°Sorry, too many clients¡± ÏûÏ¢£¿
- 3.6)ΪʲôҪÔÚÉý¼¶ PostgreSQL Ö÷Òª·¢²¼°æ±¾Ê±×ö dump ºÍ restore £¿
- 3.7)(ʹÓÃPostgreSQL)ÎÒÐèҪʹÓÃʲô¼ÆËã»úÓ²¼þ £¿
-
-²Ù×÷ÎÊÌâ
+ 3.1)æææ ·æè½æPostgreSQL è£å¨ /usr/local/pgsql 以å¤çå°æ¹ï¼
+ 3.2)æå¦ä½æ§å¶æ¥èªå¶ä»çµèçè¿æ¥ï¼
+ 3.3)æææ ·è°æ´æ°æ®åºæå¡å¨ä»¥è·å¾æ´å¥½çæ§è½ï¼
+ 3.4)PostgreSQL éå¯ä»¥è·å¾ä»ä¹æ ·çè°è¯ç¹æ§ï¼
+ 3.5)为ä»ä¹å¨è¯å¾è¿æ¥ç»å½æ¶æ¶å°âSorry, too many clientsâ æ¶æ¯ï¼
+ 3.6)PostgreSQLçå级è¿ç¨æåªäºå容ï¼
+ 3.7)(使ç¨PostgreSQL)æéè¦ä½¿ç¨ä»ä¹è®¡ç®æºç¡¬ä»¶ ï¼
+
+æä½é®é¢
- 4.1)ÈçºÎֻѡÔñÒ»¸ö²éѯ½á¹ûµÄÍ·¼¸ÐУ¿»òÊÇËæ»úµÄÒ»ÐУ¿
- 4.2)ÈçºÎ²é¿´±í¡¢Ë÷Òý¡¢Êý¾Ý¿âÒÔ¼°Óû§µÄ¶¨Ò壿ÈçºÎ²é¿´psqlÀïÓõ½µÄ²éѯָ
- Áî²¢ÏÔʾËüÃÇ£¿
- 4.3)ÈçºÎ¸ü¸ÄÒ»¸ö×ֶεÄÊý¾ÝÀàÐÍ£¿
- 4.4)Ò»ÐмǼ£¬Ò»¸ö±í£¬Ò»¸ö¿âµÄ×î´ó³ß´çÊǶàÉÙ£¿
- 4.5)´æ´¢Ò»¸öµäÐ͵ÄÎı¾ÎļþÀïµÄÊý¾ÝÐèÒª¶àÉÙ´ÅÅ̿ռ䣿
- 4.6)ΪʲôÎҵIJéѯºÜÂý£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÕâЩ²éѯûÓÐÀûÓÃË÷Òý£¿
- 4.7)ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ¿´µ½²éѯÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÊÇÔõÑùÆÀ¹À´¦ÀíÎҵIJéѯµÄ£¿
- 4.8)ÎÒÔõÑù×öÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷ºÍ´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽ²éÕÒ£¿ÔõÑùÀûÓÃË÷Òý½ø
- ÐдóСдÎ޹زéÕÒ£¿
- 4.9)ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éѯÀÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñΪ
- NULL£¿ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ׼ȷÅÅÐò¶ø²»ÂÛij×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñº¬NULLÖµ£¿
- 4.10)¸÷ÖÖ×Ö·ûÀàÐÍÖ®¼äÓÐʲô²»Í¬£¿
- 4.11.1)ÎÒÔõÑù´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÅ/×Ô¶¯µÝÔöµÄ×ֶΣ¿
- 4.11.2)ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁкŵÄÖµ£¿
- 4.11.3)ʹÓà currval() »áµ¼ÖÂºÍÆäËûÓû§µÄÎÉÂÒÇé¿ö£¨race condition£©Âð£¿
- 4.11.4)Ϊʲô²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁкÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁкÅ×ֶεÄȡֵÖ
- дæÔÚ¼ä¶ÏÄØ£¿
- 4.12)ʲôÊÇ OID£¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ CTID £¿
- 4.13)ΪʲôÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¡°ERROR: Memory exhausted in
- AllocSetAlloc()¡±£¿
- 4.14)ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL µÄ°æ±¾£¿
- 4.15)ÎÒÈçºÎ´´½¨Ò»¸öȱʡֵÊǵ±Ç°Ê±¼äµÄ×ֶΣ¿
- 4.16)ÈçºÎ½øÐÐ outer join £¨ÍâÁ¬½Ó£©£¿
- 4.17)ÈçºÎʹÓÃÉæ¼°¶à¸öÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯ£¿
- 4.18)ÈçºÎÈú¯Êý·µ»Ø¶àÐлò¶àÁУ¿
- 4.19)ΪʲôÎÒÔÚʹÓÃPL/PgSQLº¯Êý´æÈ¡ÁÙʱ±íʱ»áÊÕµ½´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¡°relation
- with OID ##### does not exist¡±£¿
- 4.20)ĿǰÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¸´ÖÆ·½°¸¿ÉÓã¿
+ 4.1) å¦ä½åªéæ©ä¸ä¸ªæ¥è¯¢ç»æç头å è¡ï¼ææ¯éæºçä¸è¡ï¼
+ 4.2)
+ å¦ä½æ¥ç表ãç´¢å¼ãæ°æ®åºä»¥åç¨æ·çå®ä¹ï¼å¦ä½æ¥çpsqléç¨å°çæ¥è¯¢æä»¤å¹¶æ¾ç
+ ¤ºå®ä»¬ï¼
+ 4.3) å¦ä½æ´æ¹ä¸ä¸ªåæ®µçæ°æ®ç±»åï¼
+ 4.4) åæ¡è®°å½ï¼å个表ï¼ä¸ä¸ªæ°æ®åºçæå¤§éå¶æ¯å¤å°ï¼
+ 4.5) åå¨ä¸ä¸ªå¸åçææ¬æä»¶éçæ°æ®éè¦å¤å°ç£ç空é´ï¼
+ 4.6) 为ä»ä¹æçæ¥è¯¢å¾æ¢ï¼ä¸ºä»ä¹è¿äºæ¥è¯¢æ²¡æå©ç¨ç´¢å¼ï¼
+ 4.7) æå¦ä½æè½çå°æ¥è¯¢ä¼å卿¯ææ ·è¯ä¼°å¤çæçæ¥è¯¢çï¼
+ 4.8) æææ ·åæ£åè¡¨è¾¾å¼æç´¢å大å°åæ å³çæ­
+ £åè¡¨è¾¾å¼æ¥æ¾ï¼ææ ·å©ç¨ç´¢å¼è¿è¡å¤§å°åæ 峿¥æ¾ï¼
+ 4.9) å¨ä¸ä¸ªæ¥è¯¢éï¼æææ ·æ£æµä¸ä¸ªå段æ¯å¦ä¸º
+ NULLï¼æå¦ä½æè½åç¡®æåºèä¸è®ºæå段æ¯å¦å«NULLå¼ï¼
+ 4.10) åç§å符类åä¹é´æä»ä¹ä¸åï¼
+ 4.11.1) æææ ·å建ä¸ä¸ªåºåå·åææ¯èªå¨éå¢çåæ®µï¼
+ 4.11.2) æå¦ä½è·å¾ä¸ä¸ªæå¥çåºåå·çå¼ï¼
+ 4.11.3) åæ¶ä½¿ç¨ currval() ä¼å¯¼è´åå¶ä»ç¨æ·çå²çªæåµåï¼
+ 4.11.4) 为ä»ä¹ä¸å¨äºå¡å¼å¸¸ä¸æ¢åéç¨åºåå·å¢ï¼ä¸ºä»ä¹å¨åºåå·å段çåå¼ä¸­
+ åå¨é´æå¢ï¼
+ 4.12) ä»ä¹æ¯ OIDï¼ä»ä¹æ¯ CTID ï¼
+ 4.13) 为ä»ä¹ææ¶å°é误信æ¯âERROR: Memory exhausted in
+ AllocSetAlloc()âï¼
+ 4.14) æå¦ä½æè½ç¥éæè¿è¡ç PostgreSQL ççæ¬ï¼
+ 4.15) æå¦ä½å建ä¸ä¸ªç¼ºç弿¯å½åæ¶é´çåæ®µï¼
+ 4.16) å¦ä½æ§è¡å¤è¿æ¥ï¼outer joinï¼æ¥è¯¢ï¼
+ 4.17) å¦ä½æ§è¡æ¶åå¤ä¸ªæ°æ®åºçæ¥è¯¢ï¼
+ 4.18) å¦ä½è®©å½æ°è¿åå¤è¡æå¤åæ°æ®ï¼
+ 4.19) 为ä»ä¹æå¨ä½¿ç¨PL/PgSQL彿°åå临æ¶è¡¨æ¶ä¼æ¶å°é误信æ¯ârelation
+ with OID ##### does not existâï¼
+ 4.20) ç®åæåªäºæ°æ®å¤å¶æ¹æ¡å¯ç¨ï¼
+ 4.21) ä¸ºä½æ¥è¯¢ç»ææ¾ç¤ºç表åæååä¸æçæ¥è¯¢è¯å¥ä¸­
+ çä¸åï¼ä¸ºä½å¤§åç¶æä¸è½ä¿çï¼
_________________________________________________________________
-³£¼ûÎÊÌâ
+常è§é®é¢
- 1.1)PostgreSQL ÊÇʲô£¿¸ÃÔõô·¢Òô£¿
-
- PostgreSQL ¶Á×÷ Post-Gres-Q-L£¬ÓÐʱºòÒ²¼ò³ÆÎªPostgres ¡£
+ 1.1)PostgreSQL æ¯ä»ä¹ï¼è¯¥æä¹åé³ï¼
+
+ PostgreSQL è¯»ä½ Post-Gres-Q-Lï¼ææ¶åä¹ç®ç§°ä¸ºPostgres
+ ãæ³å¬ä¸ä¸å¶åé³ç人åå¯ä»è¿éä¸è½½å£°é³æä»¶ï¼ MP3 æ ¼å¼ ã
PostgreSQL
- ÊÇÃæÏòÄ¿±êµÄ¹ØÏµÊý¾Ý¿âϵͳ£¬Ëü¾ßÓд«Í³ÉÌÒµÊý¾Ý¿âϵͳµÄËùÓй¦ÄÜ£¬Í¬Ê±ÓÖ
- º¬Óн«ÔÚÏÂÒ»´ú DBMS ϵͳµÄʹÓõÄÔöÇ¿ÌØÐÔ¡£ PostgreSQL
- ÊÇ×ÔÓÉÃâ·ÑµÄ£¬²¢ÇÒËùÓÐÔ´´úÂë¶¼¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ¡£
+ æ¯é¢åç®æ çå³ç³»æ°æ®åºç³»ç»ï¼å®å·æä¼ ç»å䏿°æ®åºç³»ç»çææåè½ï¼åæ¶å嫿å°å
+ ¨ä¸ä¸ä»£ DBMS ç³»ç»ç使ç¨çå¢å¼ºç¹æ§ãPostgreSQL
+ æ¯èªç±åè´¹çï¼å¹¶ä¸æææºä»£ç é½å¯ä»¥è·å¾ã
PostgreSQL
- µÄ¿ª·¢¶ÓÎéÖ÷ҪΪ־ԸÕߣ¬ËûÃDZ鲼ÊÀ½ç¸÷µØ²¢Í¨¹ý»¥ÁªÍø½øÐÐÁªÏµ£¬ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö
- ÉçÇø¿ª·¢ÏîÄ¿£¬Ëü²»±»Èκι«Ë¾¿ØÖÆ¡£
- ÈçÏë¼ÓÈ뿪·¢¶ÓÎ飬Çë²Î¼û¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±³£¼ûÎÊÌ⣨FAQ£©
+ çå¼åéä¼ä¸»è¦ä¸ºå¿æ¿èï¼ä»ä»¬éå¸ä¸çåå°å¹¶éè¿äºèç½è¿è¡èç³»ï¼è¿æ¯ä¸ä¸ªç¤¾å
+ ºå¼å项ç®ï¼å®ä¸è¢«ä»»ä½å¬å¸æ§å¶ã
+ 妿³å å¥å¼åéä¼ï¼è¯·åè§å¼å人å常è§é®é¢ï¼FAQï¼
http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ_DEV.html
- 1.2)PostgreSQL µÄ°æÈ¨ÊÇʲô?
-
- PostgreSQLµÄ·¢²¼×ñ´Ó¾­
- µäµÄBSD°æÈ¨¡£¹ØÓÚÔ´´úÂëµÄÈçºÎʹÓÃûÓÐÈκÎÏÞÖÆ£¬ÎÒÃǺÜϲ»¶ÕâÖÖ·½Ê½²¢ÇÒ»
- ¹Ã»ÓдòËã¸Ä±äËü¡£
-
- ÏÂÃæ¾ÍÊÇÎÒÃÇʹÓõÄBSD°æÈ¨ÄÚÈÝ£º
-
- ²¿·Ö°æÈ¨£¨c£©1996-2005£¬PostgreSQL
- È«Çò¿ª·¢Ð¡×飬²¿·Ö°æÈ¨£¨c£©1994-1996 ¼ÓÖÝ´óѧ¶ÊÂ
-
- £¨Portions copyright (c) 1996-2005, PostgreSQL Global Development
- Group Portions Copyright (c) 1994-6 Regents of the University of
- California£©
-
- ÔÊÐíΪÈκÎÄ¿µÄʹÓ㬿½±´£¬Ð޸ĺͷַ¢Õâ¸öÈí¼þºÍËüµÄÎĵµ¶ø²»ÊÕÈ¡ÈκηÑÓÃ
- £¬
- ²¢ÇÒÎÞÐëÇ©ÊðÒò´Ë¶ø²úÉúµÄÖ¤Ã÷£¬Ç°ÌáÊÇÉÏÃæµÄ°æÈ¨ÉùÃ÷ºÍ±¾¶ÎÒÔ¼°ÏÂÃæÁ½¶ÎÎÄ
- ×Ö³öÏÖÔÚËùÓп½±´ÖС£
-
- £¨Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
+ 1.2) è°æ§å¶PostgreSQL ï¼
+
+ å¦æä½ å¨å¯»æ¾PostgreSQLçæé¨äººï¼ææ¯ä»ä¹ä¸­
+ 央å§åä¼ï¼ææ¯ä»ä¹æå±å¬å¸ï¼ä½ åªè½æ¾å¼äº---å 为ä¸ä¸ªä¹ä¸å­
+ å¨ï¼ä½æä»¬çç¡®æä¸ä¸ª
+ æ ¸å¿å§åä¼åCVS管çç»ï¼ä½è¿äºå·¥ä½ç»ç设ç«ä¸»è¦æ¯ä¸ºäºè¿è¡ç®¡çå·¥ä½è䏿
+ ¯å¯¹PostgreSQLè¿è¡ç¬å 弿§å¶ï¼PostgreSQLé¡¹ç®æ¯ç±ä»»ä½äººå
+ å¯åå çå¼å人å社åºåææç¨æ·æ§å¶çï¼ä½ æéè¦åçå°±æ¯è®¢éé®ä»¶å表ï¼åä¸è®¨è®º
+ å³å¯ï¼è¦åä¸PostgreSQLçå¼åè¯¦è§ å¼å人å常é®é¢ (Developer's FAQ)
+ è·åä¿¡æ¯ï¼ã
+
+ 1.3)PostgreSQLççææ¯ä»ä¹?
+
+ PostgreSQLçåå¸éµä»ç»å¸çBSDçæãå®åè®¸ç¨æ·ä¸éç®çå°ä½¿ç¨PostgreSQLï¼çè³ä½
+ å¯ä»¥éå®PostgreSQLèä¸å«æºä»£ç ä¹å¯ä»¥ï¼å¯ä¸çéå¶å°±æ¯ä½ ä¸è½å 软件èªè
+ º«é®é¢èåæä»¬è¿½è¯æ³å¾è´£ä»»ï¼å¦å¤å°±æ¯è¦æ±ææç软件æ·è´ä¸­
+ 须忬以ä¸çæå£°æãä¸é¢å°±æ¯æä»¬æä½¿ç¨çBSDçæå£°æå容ï¼
+
+ PostgreSQLæ°æ®åºç®¡çç³»ç»
+
+ é¨åçæï¼cï¼1996-2005ï¼PostgreSQL å¨çå¼åå°ç»ï¼é¨åçæï¼cï¼1994-1996
+ å å·å¤§å¦è£äº
+
+ ï¼Portions copyright (c) 1996-2005,PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ Portions Copyright (c) 1994-6 Regents of the University of
+ Californiaï¼
+
+ å许为任ä½ç®ç使ç¨ï¼æ·è´ï¼ä¿®æ¹åååè¿ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶åå®çææ¡£è䏿¶åä»»ä½è´¹ç
+ ¨ï¼ 并䏿 é¡»ç¾ç½²å æ­
+ ¤è产ççè¯æï¼åææ¯ä¸é¢ççæå£°æåæ¬æ®µä»¥åä¸é¢ä¸¤æ®µæååºç°å¨æææ·è´ä¸ã
+
+ ï¼Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
its documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written
agreement is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice
and this paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all
- copies.£©
+ copies.ï¼
- ÔÚÈκÎÇé¿öÏ£¬¼ÓÖÝ´óѧ¶¼²»³Ðµ£ÒòʹÓôËÈí¼þ¼°ÆäÎĵµ¶øµ¼ÖµĶÔÈκε±ÊÂÈË
- µÄÖ±½ÓµÄ£¬
- ¼ä½ÓµÄ£¬ÌØÊâµÄ£¬¸½¼ÓµÄ»òÕßÏà°é¶øÉúµÄË𻵣¬°üÀ¨ÀûÒæËðʧµÄÔðÈΣ¬¼´Ê¹¼ÓÖÝ
- ´óѧÒѾ½¨ÒéÁËÕâЩËðʧµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔʱҲÊÇÈç´Ë¡£
+ å¨ä»»ä½æåµä¸ï¼å å·å¤§å¦é½ä¸æ¿æå ä½¿ç¨æ­
+ ¤è½¯ä»¶åå¶ææ¡£è导è´ç对任ä½å½äºäººçç´æ¥çï¼
+ é´æ¥çï¼ç¹æ®çï¼éå çæèç¸ä¼´èççæåï¼åæ¬å©çæå¤±ç责任ï¼å³ä½¿å å·å¤§å­
+ ¦å·²ç»å»ºè®®äºè¿äºæå¤±çå¯è½æ§æ¶ä¹æ¯å¦æ¤ã
- £¨IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE TO ANY
+ ï¼IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE TO ANY
PARTY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
- HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.£©
+ HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.ï¼
- ¼ÓÖÝ´óѧÃ÷È··ÅÆúÈκα£Ö¤£¬°üÀ¨µ«²»¾ÖÏÞÓÚÄ³Ò»ÌØ¶¨ÓÃ;µÄÉÌÒµºÍÀûÒæµÄÒþº¬
- ±£Ö¤¡£
- ÕâÀïÌṩµÄÕâ·ÝÈí¼þÊÇ»ùÓÚ¡°µ±×÷ÊÇ¡±µÄ»ù´¡µÄ£¬Òò¶ø¼ÓÖÝ´óѧûÓÐÔðÈÎÌṩά
- »¤£¬Ö§³Ö£¬¸üУ¬ÔöÇ¿»òÕßÐ޸ĵķþÎñ¡£
+ å å·å¤§å¦æç¡®æ¾å¼ä»»ä½ä¿è¯ï¼åæ¬ä½ä¸å±éäºæä¸ç¹å®ç¨éçåä¸åå©ççéå«ä¿è¯ã
+ è¿éæä¾çè¿ä»½è½¯ä»¶æ¯åºäºâå½ä½æ¯âçåºç¡çï¼å èå å·å¤§å­
+ ¦æ²¡æè´£ä»»æä¾ç»´æ¤ï¼æ¯æï¼æ´æ°ï¼å¢å¼ºæèä¿®æ¹çæå¡ã
- £¨THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES,
+ ï¼THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE
PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE UNIVERSITY OF
CALIFORNIA HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT,
- UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.£©
+ UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.ï¼
- 1.3)PostgreSQL ¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÔÚÄÄЩ²Ù×÷ϵͳƽ̨ÉÏ£¿
-
- Ò»°ã˵À´£¬Ò»¸öÏÖ´úµÄ UNIX ¼æÈÝµÄÆ½Ì¨¶¼ÄÜÔËÐÐ PostgreSQL
- ¡£ÔÚ°²×°Ö¸ÄÏÀïÁгöÁË·¢²¼Ê±¾¹ýÃ÷È·²âÊÔµÄÆ½Ì¨¡£
+ 1.4)PostgreSQL å¯ä»¥è¿è¡å¨åªäºæä½ç³»ç»å¹³å°ä¸ï¼
+
+ ä¸è¬è¯´æ¥ï¼ä»»ä½ç°å¨å¯¹ UNIX å¼å®¹çæä½ç³»ç»ä¹ä¸é½è½è¿è¡PostgreSQL
+ ãå¨å®è£æåéååºäºå叿¶ç»è¿æç¡®æµè¯çå¹³å°ã
- PostgreSQlÒ²¿ÉÒÔÖ±½ÓÔËÐÐÔÚ»ùÓÚ΢ÈíWindows-NTµÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬ÈçWin2000£¬Win
- XP ºÍ Win2003£¬ÒÑÖÆ×÷Íê³ÉµÄ°²×°°ü¿É´Ó
- http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstallerÏÂÔØ£¬»ùÓÚMSDOSµÄWindows²Ù×÷Ï
- µÍ³ £¨Win95£¬Win98£¬WinMe£©ÐèҪͨ¹ýCygwinÄ£Äâ»·¾³ÔËÐÐPostgreSQL¡£
+ PostgreSQlä¹å¯ä»¥ç´æ¥è¿è¡å¨åºäºå¾®è½¯Windows-NTçæä½ç³»ç»ï¼å¦Win2000
+ SP4ï¼WinXP å Win2003ï¼å·²å¶ä½å®æçå®è£åå¯ä»
+ http://pgfoundry.org/projects/pginstallerä¸è½½ï¼åºäºMSDOSçWindowsæä½ç³
+ »ç» ï¼Win95ï¼Win98ï¼WinMeï¼éè¦éè¿Cygwin模æç¯å¢è¿è¡PostgreSQLã
- ͬʱҲÓÐÒ»¸öΪNovell Netware 6¿ª·¢µÄ°æ±¾¿É´Ó http://forge.novell.com
- »ñÈ¡£¬ÎªOS/2¿ª·¢µÄ°æ±¾¿É´Ó
+ 忶乿ä¸ä¸ªä¸ºNovell Netware 6å¼åççæ¬å¯ä»
+ http://forge.novell.comè·åï¼ä¸ºOS/2(eComStation)å¼åççæ¬å¯ä»
http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1&button=Search&key=postgre
- SQL&stype=all&sort=type&dir=%2F
-
- 1.4)ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½ PostgreSQL£¿
-
- ͨ¹ýä¯ÀÀÆ÷¿É´Óhttp://www.postgresql.org/ftp/ÏÂÔØ£¬Ò²¿Éͨ¹ýFTP£¬´Ó
- ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/Õ¾µãÏÂÔØ¡£
-
- 1.5)ÎÒ´ÓÄÄÀïÄܵõ½¶Ô PostgreSQL µÄÖ§³Ö£¿
-
- PostgreSQLÉçÇøÍ¨¹ýÓʼþÁбíΪÆä´ó¶àÊýÓû§Ìṩ°ïÖú£¬¼ÓÈëÓʼþÁбíµÄÖ÷Õ¾µã
- ÊÇ
- http://www.postgresql.org/community/lists/£¬Ò»°ãÇé¿öÏ£¬ÏȼÓÈëGeneral
- »ò BugÓʼþÁбíÊÇÒ»¸ö½ÏºÃµÄ¿ªÊ¼¡£
-
- Ö÷ÒªµÄIRCƵµÀÊÇÔÚFreeNode(irc.freenode.net)µÄ#postgresql£¬ÎªÁËÁ¬ÉÏ´ËÆµ
- µÀ£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃUNIX³ÌÐòirc£¬ÆäÖ¸Áî¸ñʽ£º irc -c '#postgresql' "$USER"
- irc.freenode.net
- £¬»òÕßʹÓÃÆäËûIRC¿Í»§¶Ë³ÌÐò¡£ÔÚ´ËÍøÂçÖл¹´æÔÚÒ»¸öPostgreSQLµÄÎ÷°àÑÀƵµ
- À(#postgersql-es)ºÍ·¨ÓïÆµµÀ
- (#postgresql-fr)¡£Í¬ÑùµØ£¬ÔÚEFNETÉÏÒ²ÓÐÒ»¸öPostgreSQLµÄ½»Á÷ƵµÀ¡£
-
- ÉÌÒµÖ§³Ö¹«Ë¾µÄÁбíÔÚ http://techdocs.postgresql.org/companies.php¡£
-
- 1.6)ÎÒÈçºÎÌá½»Ò»¸öBUG±¨¸æ£¿
-
- ¿É·ÃÎÊ
- http://www.postgresql.org/support/submitbug£¬ÌîдBugÉϱ¨±í¸ñ¼´¿É¡£
-
- ͬÑùÒ²¿É·ÃÎÊftpÕ¾µãftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/
- ¼ì²éÓÐÎÞ¸üеÄPostgreSQL°æ±¾»ò²¹¶¡¡£
-
- 1.7)×îаæµÄPostgreSQL ÊÇʲô£¿
-
- PostgreSQL ×îеİ汾Êǰ汾 8.0.2 £¨Òë×¢£ºÏÖ×îа汾Ϊ8.0.3£©¡£
-
- ÎÒÃǼƻ®Ã¿Äê·¢²¼Ò»¸öÖ÷Òª°æ±¾£¬Ã¿¼¸¸öÔ·¢²¼Ò»¸öС°æ±¾¡£
-
- 1.8)Äܹ»»ñÈ¡µÄ×îÐÂÎĵµÓÐÄÄЩ£¿
-
- PostgreSQL°üº¬´óÁ¿µÄÎĵµ£¬Ö÷ÒªÓÐһЩÊֲᣬÊÖ²áÒ³ºÍһЩµÄ²âÊÔÀý×Ó¡£²Î¼û
- /doc Ŀ¼£¨Òë×¢£ºÓ¦Îª $PGHOME/doc£©¡£ Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÔÚÏßä¯ÀÀ PostgreSQL
- µÄÊֲᣬÆäµØÖ·ÊÇ£ºhttp://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs¡£
-
- ÓÐÁ½±¾¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄÊéÔÚÏßÌṩ£¬ÔÚ
- http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/awbook.html ºÍ
- http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook/ ¡£
- Ò²ÓдóÁ¿µÄPostgreSQLÊé¼®¿É¹©¹ºÂò£¬ÆäÖÐ×îΪÁ÷ÐеÄÒ»±¾ÊÇÓÉKorry
- Douglas±àдµÄ¡£ÔÚ
- http://techdocs.PostgreSQL.org/techdocs/bookreviews.phpÉÏ
- ÉÏÓдóÁ¿ÓйØPostgreSQLÊé¼®µÄ¼ò½é¡£ ÔÚ
- http://techdocs.PostgreSQL.org/ÉÏÊÕ¼¯ÁËÓÐ¹Ø PostgreSQL
- µÄ´óÁ¿¼¼ÊõÎÄÕ¡£
-
- ¿Í»§¶ËµÄÃüÁîÐгÌÐòpsqlÓÐһЩÒÔ \d
- ¿ªÍ·µÄÃüÁ¿ÉÏÔʾ¹ØÓÚÀàÐÍ£¬²Ù×÷·û£¬º¯Êý£¬»ã×ܵȵÄÐÅÏ¢£¬Ê¹Óà \?
- ¿ÉÒÔÏÔʾËùÓпÉÓõÄÃüÁî¡£
-
- ÎÒÃÇµÄ web Õ¾µã°üº¬¸ü¶àµÄÎĵµ¡£
-
- 1.9)ÎÒÈçºÎÁ˽âÒÑÖªµÄ BUG »òÔÝȱµÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¿
-
- PostgreSQL Ö§³ÖÒ»¸öÀ©Õ¹Á赀 SQL-92 µÄ×Ó¼¯¡£²ÎÔÄÎÒÃǵÄTODO
- ÁÐ±í£¬»ñȡһ¸öÒÑÖªBug£¬ÔÝȱµÄ¹¦Äܺͽ«À´µÄ¼Æ»®¡£
-
- 1.10)ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑùѧϰ SQL £¿
-
- Ê×ÏÈ¿¼ÂÇÉÏÊöÌáµ½µÄÓëPostgreSQLÏà¹ØµÄÊé¼®£¬ÁíÍâÒ»±¾ÊÇTeach Yourself SQL
- in 21 Days, Second Edition£¬ ÎÒÃǵÄÐí¶àÓû§Ï²»¶The Practical SQL
- Handbook Bowman, Judith S., et al., Addison-Wesley£¬ÆäËûµÄÔòϲ»¶ The
- Complete Reference SQL, Groff et al., McGraw-Hill¡£
-
- 1.11)ÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÔõÑù¼ÓÈ뿪·¢¶ÓÎ飿
-
- Ïê¼û Developer's FAQ ¡£
-
- 1.12)PostgreSQL ºÍÆäËûÊý¾Ý¿âϵͳ±ÈÆðÀ´ÈçºÎ£¿
-
- ÆÀ¼ÛÈí¼þÓкü¸ÖÖ·½·¨£ºÌØÐÔ£¬ÐÔÄÜ£¬¿É¿¿ÐÔ£¬Ö§³ÖºÍ¼Û¸ñ¡£
-
- ÌØÐÔ
- PostgreSQL ÓµÓдóÐÍÉÌÓà DBMS Àï´ó¶àÊýÌØÐÔ£¬
- ÀýÈ磺ÊÂÎñ£¬×Ó²éѯ£¬´¥·¢Æ÷£¬ÊÓͼ£¬Íâ¼ü²Î¿¼ÍêÕûÐԺ͸´ÔÓµÄËøµÈ¡£
- ÎÒÃÇ»¹ÓÐһЩËüÃÇûÓеÄÌØÐÔ£¬ÈçÓû§¶¨ÒåÀàÐÍ£¬¼Ì³Ð£¬¹æÔòºÍ¶à°æ±¾²
- ¢ÐпØÖÆÒÔ¼õÉÙËøµÄÕùÓõȡ£
-
- ÐÔÄÜ
- PostgreSQL ºÍÆäËûÉÌÓúͿªÔ´µÄÊý¾Ý¿â¾ßÓÐÀàËÆµÄÐÔÄÜ¡£
- ¶ÔijЩ´¦ÀíËü±È½Ï¿ì£¬¶ÔÆäËûһЩ´¦ÀíËü±È½ÏÂý¡£
- ÓëÆäËûÊý¾Ý¿âÏà±È£¬ÎÒÃǵÄÐÔÄÜͨ³£ÔÚ +/- 10%Ö®¼ä¡£
+ SQL&stype=all&sort=type&dir=%2F ä¸è½½ã
+
+ 1.5) æä»åªéè½å¾å°PostgreSQLï¼
+
+ éè¿æµè§å¨å¯ä»http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/ä¸è½½ï¼ä¹å¯éè¿FTPï¼ä»
+ ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/ç«ç¹ä¸è½½ã
+
+ 1.6) ææ°ççPostgreSQLæ¯ä»ä¹ï¼
+
+ PostgreSQL ææ°ççæ¬æ¯çæ¬ 8.2.1 ã
+
+ æä»¬è®¡åæ¯å¹´åå¸ä¸ä¸ªä¸»è¦åçº§çæ¬ï¼æ¯å 个æåå¸ä¸ä¸ªå°çæ¬ã
+
+ 1.7) æä»åªéè½å¾å°å¯¹PostgreSQLçæ¯æï¼
+
+ PostgreSQL社åºéè¿é®ä»¶å表为å¶å¤§å¤æ°ç¨æ·æä¾å¸®å©ï¼è®¢éé®ä»¶å表ç主
+ ç«ç¹æ¯
+ http://www.postgresql.org/community/lists/ï¼ä¸è¬æåµä¸ï¼åå å¥General æ
+ Bugé®ä»¶å表æ¯ä¸ä¸ªè¾å¥½çå¼å§ã
+
+ 主è¦çIRCé¢éæ¯å¨FreeNode(irc.freenode.net)ç#postgresqlï¼ä¸ºäºè¿ä¸æ­
+ ¤é¢éï¼å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨UNIXç¨åºircï¼å¶æä»¤æ ¼å¼ï¼ irc -c '#postgresql'
+ "$USER" irc.freenode.net ï¼æè使ç¨å¶ä»IRC客æ·ç«¯ç¨åºã卿¤ç½ç»ä¸è¿å­
+ å¨ä¸ä¸ªPostgreSQLç西ççé¢é(#postgersql-es)åæ³è¯é¢é
+ (#postgresql-fr)ãåæ ·å°ï¼å¨EFNETä¸ä¹æä¸ä¸ªPostgreSQLç交æµé¢éã
+
+ 坿ä¾å䏿¯æçå¬å¸å表å¯å¨http://techdocs.postgresql.org/companies.phpæµ
+ è§ã
+
+ 1.8) æå¦ä½æäº¤ä¸ä¸ªBUGæ¥åï¼
+
+ å¯è®¿é®
+ http://www.postgresql.org/support/submitbugï¼å¡«åBug䏿¥è¡¨æ ¼å³å¯ï¼åæ
+ ·ä¹å¯è®¿é®ftpç«ç¹ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/
+ æ£æ¥ææ æ´æ°çPostgreSQLçæ¬æè¡¥ä¸ã
+
+ éè¿ä½¿ç¨Bugæäº¤è¡¨æ ¼ææ¯åå¾PostgreSQLé®ä»¶å表çBugé叏伿以ä¸ä¹ä¸åå¤ï
+ ¼
+ * ææäº¤å容䏿¯ä¸ä¸ªBugåå¶ä¸æ¯Bugçåå ã
+ * ææäº¤å容æ¯ä¸ä¸ªå·²ç¥çBugå¹¶ä¸å·²ç»å å¥TODOå¾å¤çä»»å¡å表ã
+ * ææäº¤çBugå·²å¨å½åçæ¬ä¸è¢«ä¿®æ£ã
+ * ææäº¤çBug已修æ£ä½å°æªå°è¡¥ä¸å å¥ç°å¨çåå¸è½¯ä»¶åã
+ * è¯·æ±æäº¤èæä¾æ´è¯¦ç»çä¿¡æ¯ï¼
+ + æä½ç³»ç»
+ + PostgreSQLçæ¬
+ + å¯éç°Bugçæµè¯æ¡ä¾
+ + è°è¯ä¿¡æ¯
+ + è°è¯è·è¸ªè¾åº
+ * ææäº¤å容æ¯ä¸ä¸ªæ°Bugï¼å°æ§è¡ä»¥ä¸å·¥ä½ï¼
+ + å建ä¸ä¸ªæ°è¡¥ä¸å¹¶å°å¶å å¥ä¸ä¸ä¸ªä¸»è¦çæ¬ææ¯å°çæ¹è¿çæ¬ä¸ã
+ + æ¤Bugææ¶ä¸è½ä¿®æ£ï¼å°è¢«å è³TODOå¾å¤çä»»å¡å表ã
+
+ 1.9) æå¦ä½äºè§£å·²ç¥ç BUG ææç¼ºçåè½ï¼
+
+ PostgreSQL æ¯æä¸ä¸ªæ©å±ç SQL:2003 çåéãåéæä»¬çTODO
+ å表ï¼äºè§£å·²ç¥Bugå表ãæç¼ºçåè½åå°æ¥çå¼å计åã
+
+ è¦æ±å¢å æ°åè½çç³è¯·é叏伿¶å°ä»¥ä¸ä¹ä¸çåå¤ï¼
+ * 该åè½å·²å å¥TODOå¾å¤çä»»å¡å表ã
+ * 该åè½ä¸æ¯å¿é¡»çï¼å 为ï¼
+ + 宿¯ç°æçä¸ç¬¦åSQLæ åçæåè½çéå¤ã
+ + 该åè½æ§ä¼å¤§å¤§å¢å 代ç ç夿ç¨åºï¼è带æ¥ç好夿¯å¾®ä¸è¶³éçã
+ + 该åè½æ¯ä¸å®å¨ææ¯ä¸å¯é çã
+ * 该åè½å°è¢«å å¥TODOå¾å¤çä»»å¡å表ã
+
+ PostgreSQLä¸ä½¿ç¨Bugè·è¸ªç³»ç»ï¼å 为æä»¬åç°å¨é®ä»¶å表中
+ ç´æ¥åå¤ä»¥åä¿è¯TODOä»»å¡åè¡¨æ»æ¯å¤äºææ°ç¶æçæ¹å¼å·¥ä½æç伿´é«ä¸äºãäºå®ä
+ ¸ï¼Bugä¸ä¼å¨æä»¬ç软件ä¸åå¨å¾é¿æ¶é´ï¼
+ 对影åå¾å¤ç¨æ·çBug乿»æ¯å¾å¿«ä¼è¢«ä¿®æ£ãå¯ä¸è½æ¾å°æææ¹è¿ãæé«åä¿®æ­
+ £çå°æ¹æ¯CVSçæ¥å¿ä¿¡æ¯ï¼å³ä½¿æ¯å¨è½¯ä»¶æ°çæ¬çåå¸ä¿¡æ¯ä¸­
+ ä¹ä¸ä¼ååºæ¯ä¸å¤çè½¯ä»¶æ´æ°ã
+
+ 1.10) è½å¤è·åçææ°ææ¡£æåªäºï¼
+
+ PostgreSQLåå«å¤§éçææ¡£ï¼ä¸»è¦æè¯¦ç»çåèæåï¼æå页åä¸äºçæµè¯ä¾åãåè§ /doc
+ ç®å½ï¼è¯æ³¨ï¼åºä¸º $PGHOME/docï¼ã
+ ä½ è¿å¯ä»¥å¨çº¿æµè§PostgreSQLçæåï¼å¶ç½åæ¯ï¼http://www.PostgreSQL.org/d
+ ocsã
+
+ æä¸¤æ¬å³äºPostgreSQLç书å¨çº¿æä¾ï¼å¨
+ http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/awbook.html å
+ http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook/ ã 乿大éçPostgreSQL书ç±å¯ä¾è´­
+ ä¹°ï¼å¶ä¸æä¸ºæµè¡ç䏿¬æ¯ç±Korry Douglasç¼åçãå¨
+ http://techdocs.PostgreSQL.org/techdocs/bookreviews.phpä¸
+ 䏿大éæå³PostgreSQL书ç±çç®ä»ã å¨
+ http://techdocs.PostgreSQL.org/䏿¶éäºæå³PostgreSQLç大鿿¯æç« ã
+
+ 客æ·ç«¯çå½ä»¤è¡ç¨åºpsqlæä¸äºä»¥ \d
+ å¼å¤´çå½ä»¤ï¼å¯æ¾ç¤ºå³äºç±»åï¼æä½ç¬¦ï¼å½æ°ï¼èåçä¿¡æ¯ï¼ä½¿ç¨ \?
+ å¯ä»¥æ¾ç¤ºææå¯ç¨çå½ä»¤ã
+
+ æä»¬ç web ç«ç¹å嫿´å¤çææ¡£ã
+
+ 1.11) æåºè¯¥ææ ·å¦ä¹ SQL ï¼
+
+ é¦åèèä¸è¿°æå°çä¸PostgreSQLç¸å³ç书ç±ï¼å¦å¤ä¸æ¬æ¯Teach Yourself SQL in
+ 21 Days, Second Editionï¼å¶è¯¦ç»ä»ç»çç½åæ¯
+ http://members.tripod.com/er4ebus/sql/index.htmï¼
+ æä»¬ç许å¤ç¨æ·å欢The Practical SQL Handbookï¼ Bowman, Judith S.
+ ç¼åï¼Addison-Wesleyå¬å¸åºçï¼å¶ä»çå忬¢ The Complete Reference SQL,
+ Groff ç¼åï¼McGraw-Hillå¬å¸åºçã
+
+ å¨ä¸åç½åä¸ä¹æå¾å¥½çæç¨ï¼ä»ä»¬æ¯
+ * http://www.intermedia.net/support/sql/sqltut.shtm
+ * http://sqlcourse.com.
+ * http://www.w3schools.com/sql/default.asp
+ * http://mysite.verizon.net/Graeme_Birchall/id1.html
+
+ 1.12)å¦ä½æäº¤è¡¥ä¸ææ¯å å¥å¼åéä¼ï¼
+
+ è¯¦è§ å¼å人å常è§é®é¢ (Developer's FAQ) ã
+
+ 1.13)PostgreSQLåå¶ä»æ°æ®åºç³»ç»æ¯èµ·æ¥å¦ä½ï¼
+
+ è¯ä»·è½¯ä»¶æå¥½å ç§æ¹æ³ï¼åè½ï¼æ§è½ï¼å¯é æ§ï¼æ¯æåä»·æ ¼ã
+
+ åè½
+ PostgreSQL æ¥æå¤§ååç¨æ°æ®åºæå¤çåè½ï¼ä¾å¦ï¼äºå¡ï¼å­
+ æ¥è¯¢ï¼è§¦åå¨ï¼è§å¾ï¼å¤é®åè宿´æ§å夿çéå®çã
+ æä»¬è¿æä¸äºå®ä»¬æ²¡æçç¹æ§ï¼å¦ç¨æ·å®ä¹ç±»åï¼ç»§æ¿ï¼è§ååå¤çæ¬å¹¶è
+ ¡æ§å¶ä»¥åå°éçäºç¨çã
- ¿É¿¿ÐÔ
- ÎÒÃÇÖªµÀ DBMS ±ØÐëÊǿɿ¿µÄ£¬·ñÔòËü¾ÍÒ»µãÓö¼Ã»ÓС£
- ÎÒÃÇŬÁ¦×öµ½·¢²¼¾­
- ¹ýÈÏÕæ²âÊԵģ¬Îȶ¨µÄ³ô³æ×îÉٵĴúÂ롣ÿ¸ö°æ±¾ÖÁÉÙÓÐÒ»¸öÔ嵀 beta
- ²âÊÔʱ¼ä£¬²¢ÇÒÎÒÃǵķ¢²¼ÀúÊ·ÏÔʾÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÌṩÎȶ¨µÄ£¬Àι̵ģ¬¿ÉÓ
- ÃÓÚÉú²úʹÓõİ汾¡£ÎÒÃÇÏàÐÅ
- ÔÚÕâ·½ÃæÎÒÃÇÓëÆäËûµÄÊý¾Ý¿âÈí¼þÊÇÏ൱µÄ¡£
+ æ§è½
+ PostgreSQLåå¶ä»åç¨å弿ºçæ°æ®åºå·æç±»ä¼¼çæ§è½ã对æäºå¤ç宿¯è¾å¿«
+ ï¼å¯¹å¶ä»ä¸äºå¤ç宿¯è¾æ¢ã ä¸å¶ä»æ°æ®åºç¸æ¯ï¼æä»¬çæ§è½ä¼å£é常å¨
+ +/- 10%ä¹é´ã
- Ö§³Ö
- ÎÒÃǵÄÓʼþÁбíÌṩһ¸ö·Ç³£´óµÄ¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±ºÍÓû§µÄ×éÒÔ°ïÖú½â¾öËùÅöµ
- ½µÄÈκÎÎÊÌâ¡£ ÎÒÃDz»Äܱ£Ö¤¿Ï¶¨Äܽâ¾öÎÊÌ⣬Ïà±È֮ϣ¬ÉÌÓà DBMS
- Ò²²¢²»ÊÇ×ÜÄܹ»Ìṩ½â¾ö·½·¨¡£
- Ö±½ÓÓ뿪·¢ÈËÔ±£¬Óû§Èº£¬ÊÖ²áºÍÔ´³ÌÐò½Ó´¥Áî PostgreSQL
- µÄÖ§³Ö±ÈÆäËû DBMS
- »¹ÒªºÃ¡£»¹ÓÐһЩÉÌÒµÐÔµÄÔ¤°ü×°µÄÖ§³Ö£¬¿ÉÒÔ¸øÌṩ¸øÄÇЩÐèÒªµÄÈË¡
- ££¨²ÎÔÄ FAQ Ìõ¿î 1.5 С½Ú£©
+ å¯é æ§
+ æä»¬é½ç¥éæ°æ®åºå¿é¡»æ¯å¯é çï¼å¦åå®å°±ä¸ç¹ç¨é½æ²¡æãæä»¬åªååå°åå¸
+ ç»è¿è®¤çæµè¯çï¼ç¼ºé·æå°ç稳å®ä»£ç ãæ¯ä¸ªçæ¬è³å°æä¸ä¸ªæç beta
+ æµè¯æ¶é´ï¼å¹¶ä¸æä»¬çåå¸å岿¾ç¤ºæä»¬å¯ä»¥æä¾ç¨³å®çï¼ç¢åºçï¼å¯ç¨ä
+ ºç产使ç¨ççæ¬ãæä»¬ç¸ä¿¡å¨è¿æ¹é¢æä»¬ä¸å¶ä»çæ°æ®åºè½¯ä»¶æ¯ç¸å½çã
- ¼Û¸ñ
- ÎÒÃǶÔÈκÎÓÃ;¶¼Ãâ·Ñ£¬°üÀ¨ÉÌÓúͷÇÉÌÓÃÄ¿µÄ¡£
- Äã¿ÉÒÔ²»¼ÓÏÞÖÆµØÏòÄãµÄ²úÆ·Àï¼ÓÈëÎÒÃǵĴúÂ룬³ýÁËÄÇЩÎÒÃÇÔÚÉÏÃæµ
- İæÈ¨ÉùÃ÷ÀïÉùÃ÷µÄ BSD ·ç¸ñµÄ°æÈ¨Íâ¡£
+ æ¯æ
+ æä»¬çé®ä»¶å表æä¾ä¸ä¸ªé常大çå¼å人ååç¨æ·çç»ä»¥å¸®å©è§£å³æç¢°å
+ °çä»»ä½é®é¢ãæä»¬ä¸è½ä¿è¯æ»æ¯è½è§£å³é®é¢ï¼ç¸æ¯ä¹ä¸ï¼åç¨æ°æ®åºè½¯
+ ä»¶ä¹å¹¶ä¸æ¯æ»è½å¤æä¾è§£å³æ¹æ³ã
+ ç´æ¥ä¸å¼å人åï¼ç¨æ·ç¾¤ï¼æååæºç¨åºæ¥è§¦ä½¿PostgreSQLçæ¯ææ¯å¶ä»æ°
+ æ®åºè¿è¦å¥½ãè¿æä¸äºå䏿§çå¨é¢ææ¯æ¯æï¼å¯ä»¥ç»æä¾ç»é£äºéè¦ç人ãï¼
+ åé1.7 å°èï¼
- 1.13)Ë¿ØÖÆPostgreSQL £¿
-
- Èç¹ûÄãÔÚѰÕÒPostgreSQLµÄÕÆÃÅÈË£¬»òÊÇʲôÖÐÑëίԱ»á£¬»òÊÇʲôËùÊô¹«Ë¾£¬
- ÄãÖ»ÄÜ·ÅÆúÁË---ÒòΪһ¸öÒ²²»´æÔÚ£¬µ«ÎÒÃǵÄÈ·ÓÐÒ»¸ö
- ίԱ»áºÍCVS¹ÜÀí×飬µ«ÕâЩ¹¤×÷×éµÄÉèÁ¢Ö÷ÒªÊÇΪÁ˽øÐйÜÀí¹¤×÷¶ø²»ÊǶÔPos
- tgreSQL½øÐпØÖÆ£¬PostgreSQLÏîÄ¿ÊÇÓÉÈκÎÈ˾ù
- ¿É²Î¼ÓµÄ¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±ÉçÇøºÍËùÓÐÓû§¿ØÖƵģ¬ÄãËùÐèÒª×öµÄ¾ÍÊǼÓÈëÓʼþÁÐ±í£¬²Î
- ÓëÌÖÂÛ¼´¿É£¨Òª²ÎÓëPostgreSQLµÄ¿ª·¢Ïê¼û Developer's FAQ »ñÈ¡ÐÅÏ¢£©¡£
+ ä»·æ ¼
+ æä»¬å¯¹ä»»ä½ç¨éé½åè´¹ï¼åæ¬åç¨åéåç¨ç®çã
+ ä½ å¯ä»¥ä¸å éå¶å°åä½ ç产åéå 奿们ç代ç ï¼é¤äºé£äºæä»¬å¨ä¸é¢çç
+ æå£°æé声æç BSDçæä¹å¤çå容ã
_________________________________________________________________
-Óû§¿Í»§¶ËÎÊÌâ
+ç¨æ·å®¢æ·ç«¯é®é¢
- 2.1)ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓÃʲôÓïÑÔºÍ PostgreSQL ´ò½»µÀ£¿
-
- PostgreSQL(ȱʡÇé¿ö)Ö»°²×°ÓÐCºÍÄÚǶʽCµÄ½Ó¿Ú£¬ÆäËûµÄ½Ó¿Ú¶¼ÊǶÀÁ¢µÄÏîÄ¿
- £¬Äܹ»·Ö±ðÏÂÔØ£¬ÕâЩ½Ó¿ÚÏîÄ¿¶ÀÁ¢µÄºÃ´¦
- ÊÇËûÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÓи÷×Եķ¢²¼¼Æ»®ºÍ¸÷×Ô¶ÀÁ¢µÄ¿ª·¢×é¡£
+ 2.1) æä»¬å¯ä»¥ç¨ä»ä¹è¯è¨åPostgreSQLæäº¤éï¼
+
+ PostgreSQL(缺çæåµ)åªå®è£æCåååµå¼Cçæ¥å£ï¼å¶ä»çæ¥å£é½æ¯ç¬ç«ç项ç®ï¼è½å¤
+ åå«ä¸è½½ï¼è¿äºæ¥å£é¡¹ç®ç¬ç«ç好å¤
+ æ¯ä»ä»¬å¯ä»¥æåèªçåå¸è®¡åååèªç¬ç«çå¼åç»ã
- һЩ±à³ÌÓïÑÔÈçPHP¶¼ÓзÃÎÊ PostgreSQL
- µÄ½Ó¿Ú£¬Perl,TCL,PythonÒÔ¼°ºÜ¶àÆäËûÓïÑԵĽӿÚÔÚ
- http://gborg.postgresql.org ÉϵÄDrivers/InterfacesС½Ú¿ÉÕÒµ½£¬
- ²¢ÇÒͨ¹ýInternetºÜÈÝÒ×ËÑË÷µ½¡£
+ ä¸äºç¼ç¨è¯­
+ è¨å¦PHPé½æè®¿é®PostgreSQLçæ¥å£ï¼PerlãTCLãPython以åå¾å¤å¶ä»è¯è¨çæ¥å£å¨
+ http://gborg.postgresql.orgç½ç«ä¸çDrivers/Interfaceså°è坿¾å°ï¼
+ å¹¶ä¸éè¿Internetå¾å®¹ææç´¢å°ã
- 2.2)ÓÐʲô¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ PostgreSQL ÓÃÓÚ Web Ò³Ãæ£¿
-
- Ò»¸ö½éÉÜÒÔÊý¾Ý¿âΪºǫ́µÄͦ²»´íµÄÕ¾µãÊÇ£ºhttp://www.webreview.com¡£
+ 2.2) æä»ä¹å·¥å·å¯ä»¥æPostgreSQLç¨äº Web 页é¢ï¼
+
+ ä¸ä¸ªä»ç»ä»¥æ°æ®åºä¸ºåå°çæºä¸éçç«ç¹æ¯ï¼http://www.webreview.comã
- ¶ÔÓÚ Web ¼¯³É£¬PHP ÊÇÒ»¸ö¼«ºÃµÄ½Ó¿Ú¡£ËüÔÚ£ºhttp://www.php.net/¡£
+ å¯¹äº Web éæï¼PHP æ¯ä¸ä¸ªæå¥½çæ¥å£ãå®å¨http://www.php.net/ã
- ¶ÔÓÚ¸´ÔÓµÄÈÎÎñ£¬ºÜ¶àÈ˲ÉÓà Perl ½Ó¿ÚºÍ CGI.pm »ò mod_perl ¡£
+ 对äºå¤æçä»»å¡ï¼å¾å¤äººéç¨ Perl æ¥å£å 使ç¨CGI.pmçDBD::Pg æ mod_perl ã
- 2.3)PostgreSQL ÓµÓÐͼÐÎÓû§½çÃæÂð£¿
-
- Êǵģ¬ÔÚ
- http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/GUIToolsÓÐÒ»¸öÏêϸµÄÁÐ±í¡£
+ 2.3)PostgreSQLæ¥æå¾å½¢ç¨æ·çé¢åï¼
+
+ åä¸ç¨æ·ææ¯å¼æºå¼å人åè½æ¾å°å¾å¤çæå³PostgreSQLçGUIå¾å½¢å·¥å·è½¯ä»¶ï¼å¨
+ PostgreSQLç¤¾åºææ¡£æä¸ä¸ªè¯¦ç»çå表ã
_________________________________________________________________
-ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÎÊÌâ
+ç³»ç»ç®¡çé®é¢
- 3.1)ÎÒÔõÑùÄÜ°Ñ PostgreSQL ×°ÔÚ /usr/local/pgsql ÒÔÍâµÄµØ·½£¿
-
- ÔÚÔËÐÐ configure ʱ¼ÓÉÏ --prefix Ñ¡Ïî¡£
-
- 3.2)ÎÒÈçºÎ¿ØÖÆÀ´×ÔÆäËûÖ÷»úµÄÁ¬½Ó£¿
-
- ȱʡʱ£¬PostgreSQL Ö»ÔÊÐíͨ¹ý unix
- ÓòÌ×½Ó×Ö»òTCP/IP·½Ê½ÇÒÀ´×Ô±¾»úµÄÁ¬½Ó¡£
- ÄãÖ»ÓÐÔÚÐÞ¸ÄÁËÅäÖÃÎļþpostgresql.confÖеÄlisten_addresses£¬ÇÒÒ²ÔÚÅäÖÃÎ
- ļþpg_hba.confÖдò¿ªÁË Ö÷»úΪ»ù´¡£¨ host-based
- £©µÄÉí·ÝÈÏÖ¤£¬²¢ÖØÐÂÆô¶¯PostgreSQL£¬·ñÔòÆäËû»úÆ÷ÊDz»ÄÜÓëÄãµÄPostgreSQL
- ·þÎñÆ÷Á¬½ÓµÄ¡£
-
- 3.3)ÎÒÔõÑùµ÷ÕûÊý¾Ý¿âÒýÇæÒÔ»ñµÃ¸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ£¿
-
- ÓÐÈý¸öÖ÷Òª·½Ãæ¿ÉÒÔÌáÉýPostgreSQLµÄDZÄÜ¡£
-
- ²éѯ·½Ê½µÄ±ä»¯
- ÕâÖ÷񻃾¼°Ð޸IJéѯ·½Ê½ÒÔ»ñÈ¡¸üºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ:
+ 3.1)æææ ·è½æPostgreSQLè£å¨ /usr/local/pgsql 以å¤çå°æ¹ï¼
+
+ å¨è¿è¡ configure æ¶å ä¸ --prefix é项ã
+
+ 3.2) æå¦ä½æ§å¶æ¥èªå¶ä»çµèçè¿æ¥ï¼
+
+ 缺çæåµä¸ï¼PostgreSQLåªå许æ¥èªæ¬æºä¸éè¿ unix å奿¥åæTCP/IPæ¹å¼çè¿æ¥ã
+ ä½ åªæå¨ä¿®æ¹äºéç½®æä»¶postgresql.conf中
+ çlisten_addressesï¼ä¸ä¹å¨éç½®æä»¶$PGDATA/pg_hba.conf䏿å¼äº
+ åºäºè¿ç¨çµèï¼ host-based
+ ï¼ç身份认è¯ï¼å¹¶éæ°å¯å¨PostgreSQLï¼å¦åå¶ä»çµèæ¯ä¸è½ä¸ä½ çPostgreSQL
+ æå¡å¨è¿è¡è¿æ¥çã
+
+ 3.3) æææ ·è°æ´æ°æ®åºå¼æä»¥è·å¾æ´å¥½çæ§è½ï¼
+
+ æä¸ä¸ªä¸»è¦æ¹é¢å¯ä»¥æåPostgreSQLçæ½è½ã
+
+ æ¥è¯¢æ¹å¼çåå
+ è¿ä¸»è¦æ¶åä¿®æ¹æ¥è¯¢æ¹å¼ä»¥è·åæ´å¥½çæ§è½:
- + ´´½¨Ë÷Òý£¬°üÀ¨±í´ïʽºÍ²¿·ÖË÷Òý£»
- + ʹÓÃCOPYÓï¾ä´úÌæ¶à¸öInsertÓï¾ä£»
- + ½«¶à¸öSQLÓï¾ä×é³ÉÒ»¸öÊÂÎñÒÔ¼õÉÙÌá½»ÊÂÎñµÄ¿ªÏú£»
- + ´ÓÒ»¸öË÷ÒýÖÐÌáÈ¡¶àÌõ¼Ç¼ʱʹÓÃCLUSTER£»
- + ´ÓÒ»¸ö²éѯ½á¹ûÖÐÈ¡³ö²¿·Ö¼Ç¼ʱʹÓÃLIMIT£»
- + ʹÓÃÔ¤±àÒëʽ²éѯ£¨Prepared Query)£»
- + ʹÓÃANALYZEÒÔ±£³Ö¾«È·µÄÓÅ»¯Í³¼Æ£»
- + ¶¨ÆÚʹÓà VACUUM »ò pg_autovacuum
- + ½øÐдóÁ¿Êý¾Ý¸ü¸ÄʱÏÈɾ³ýË÷Òý£¨È»ºóÖØ½¨Ë÷Òý£©
+ + å建索å¼ï¼åæ¬è¡¨è¾¾å¼åé¨åç´¢å¼ï¼
+ + 使ç¨COPYè¯å¥ä»£æ¿å¤ä¸ªInsertè¯å¥ï¼
+ + å°å¤ä¸ªSQLè¯å¥ç»æä¸ä¸ªäºå¡ä»¥åå°æäº¤äºå¡çå¼éï¼
+ + ä»ä¸ä¸ªç´¢å¼ä¸æå夿¡è®°å½æ¶ä½¿ç¨CLUSTERï¼
+ + ä»ä¸ä¸ªæ¥è¯¢ç»æä¸ååºé¨åè®°å½æ¶ä½¿ç¨LIMITï¼
+ + 使ç¨é¢ç¼è¯å¼æ¥è¯¢ï¼Prepared Query)ï¼
+ + 使ç¨ANALYZEä»¥ä¿æç²¾ç¡®çä¼åç»è®¡ï¼
+ + å®æä½¿ç¨ VACUUM æ pg_autovacuum
+ + è¿è¡å¤§éæ°æ®æ´æ¹æ¶åå é¤ç´¢å¼ï¼ç¶åé建索å¼ï¼
- ·þÎñÆ÷µÄÅäÖÃ
- ÅäÖÃÎļþpostgres.confÖеĺܶàÉèÖö¼»áÓ°ÏìÐÔÄÜ£¬ËùÓвÎÊýµÄÁбí¿É
- ¼û£º Administration Guide/Server Run-time Environment/Run-time
- Configuration£¬ ÓйزÎÊýµÄ½âÊͿɼû£º
- http://www.varlena.com/varlena/GeneralBits/Tidbits/annotated_co
- nf_e.html ºÍ
- http://www.varlena.com/varlena/GeneralBits/Tidbits/perf.html¡£
+ æå¡å¨çéç½®
+ éç½®æä»¶postgres.conf中
+ çå¾å¤è®¾ç½®é½ä¼å½±åæ§è½ï¼ææåæ°çå表å¯è§ï¼
+ 管çåæå/æ°æ®åºæå¡å¨è¿è¡ç¯å¢/æ°æ®åºæå¡å¨è¿è¡éç½®ï¼
+ æå³åæ°çè§£éå¯è§ï¼http://www.varlena.com/varlena/GeneralBits/Tid
+ bits/annotated_conf_e.html å
+ http://www.varlena.com/varlena/GeneralBits/Tidbits/perf.htmlã
- Ó²¼þµÄÑ¡Ôñ
- ¼ÆËã»úÓ²¼þ¶ÔÐÔÄܵÄÓ°Ïì¿Éä¯ÀÀ
+ 硬件çéæ©
+ è®¡ç®æºç¡¬ä»¶å¯¹æ§è½çå½±å坿µè§
http://candle.pha.pa.us/main/writings/pgsql/hw_performance/inde
- x.html ºÍ http://www.powerpostgresql.com/PerfList/¡£
+ x.html å http://www.powerpostgresql.com/PerfList/ã
- 3.4)PostgreSQL Àï¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃʲôÑùµÄµ÷ÊÔÌØÐÔ£¿
-
- PostgreSQL ÓкܶàÀàËÆ log_*
- µÄ·þÎñÆ÷ÅäÖñäÁ¿¿ÉÓÃÓÚ²éѯµÄ´òÓ¡ºÍ½ø³Ìͳ¼Æ£¬¶øÕâЩ¹¤×÷¶Ôµ÷ÊÔºÍÐÔÄܲâÊÔ
- ºÜÓаïÖú¡£
-
- 3.5)ΪʲôÔÚÊÔͼÁ¬½ÓʱÊÕµ½¡°Sorry, too many clients¡±ÏûÏ¢£¿
-
- Õâ±íʾÄãÒѴﵽȱʡ100¸ö²¢·¢ºǫ́½ø³ÌÊýµÄÏÞÖÆ£¬ÄãÐèҪͨ¹ýÐÞ¸Äpostgresql.
- confÎļþÖеÄmax_connectionsÖµÀ´
- Ôö¼ÓpostmasterµÄºǫ́²¢·¢´¦ÀíÊý£¬Ð޸ĺóÐèÖØÐÂÆô¶¯postmaster¡£
-
- 3.6)ΪʲôҪÔÚÉý¼¶ PostgreSQL Ö÷Òª·¢²¼°æ±¾Ê±×ö dump ºÍ restore £¿
-
- PostgreSQL ¿ª·¢×é¶Ôÿ´ÎСµÄÉý¼¶½ö×öÁ˽ÏÉÙµÄÐ޸ģ¬Òò´Ë´Ó 7.4.0 Éý¼¶µ½
- 7.4.1 ²»ÐèÒª dump ºÍ restore¡£ µ«ÊÇÖ÷ÒªµÄÉý¼¶£¨ÀýÈç´Ó 7.3 µ½
- 7.4£©Í¨³£»áÐÞ¸Äϵͳ±íºÍÊý¾Ý±íµÄÄÚ²¿¸ñʽ¡£
- ÕâЩ±ä»¯Ò»°ã±È½Ï¸´ÔÓ£¬Òò´ËÎÒÃDz»Î¬Êý¾ÝÎļþµÄÏòºó¼æÈÝ¡£ dump
- ½«Êý¾Ý°´ÕÕͨÓõĸñʽÊä³ö£¬Ëæºó¿ÉÒÔ±»ÖØÐ¼ÓÔØ²¢Ê¹ÓÃеÄÄÚ²¿¸ñʽ¡£
-
- 3.7)(ʹÓÃPostgreSQL)ÎÒÐèҪʹÓÃʲô¼ÆËã»úÓ²¼þ £¿
-
- ÓÉÓÚ¼ÆËã»úÓ²¼þ´ó¶àÊýÊǼæÈݵģ¬ÈËÃÇ×ÜÊÇÇãÏòÓÚÏàÐÅËùÓмÆËã»úÓ²¼þÖÊÁ¿Ò²ÊÇ
- ÏàͬµÄ¡£ÊÂʵÉϲ»ÊÇ£¬ ECC RAM£¨´øÆæÅ¼Ð£ÑéµÄÄڴ棩£¬SCSI
- £¨Ó²ÅÌ£©ºÍÓÅÖʵÄÖ÷°å±ÈһЩ±ãÒË»õÒª¸ü¼Ó¿É¿¿ÇÒ¾ßÓиüºÃµÄÐÔÄÜ¡£PostgreSQL
- ¼¸ºõ¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÔÚÈκÎÓ²¼þÉÏ£¬
- µ«Èç¹û¿É¿¿ÐÔºÍÐÔÄܶÔÄãµÄϵͳºÜÖØÒª£¬Äã¾ÍÐèÒªÈ«ÃæµÄÑо¿Ò»ÏÂÄãµÄÓ²¼þÅäÖÃ
- ÁË¡£ÔÚÎÒÃǵÄÓʼþÁбíÉÏÒ²ÓйØÓÚ Ó²¼þÅäÖúÍÐԼ۱ȵÄÌÖÂÛ¡£
+ 3.4)PostgreSQLéå¯ä»¥è·å¾ä»ä¹æ ·çè°è¯ç¹æ§ï¼
+
+ PostgreSQL æå¾å¤ç±»ä¼¼ log_*
+ çæå¡å¨éç½®åéå¯ç¨äºæ¥è¯¢çæå°åè¿ç¨ç»è®¡ï¼èè¿äºå·¥ä½å¯¹è°è¯åæ§è½æµè¯å¾æå¸
+ ®å©ã
+
+ 3.5) 为ä»ä¹å¨è¯å¾è¿æ¥æ¶æ¶å°âSorry, too many
+ clientsï¼å·²æå¤ªå¤ç¨æ·è¿æ¥ï¼âæ¶æ¯ï¼
+
+ è¿è¡¨ç¤ºä½ 已达å°ç¼ºç100个并ååå°è¿ç¨æ°çéå¶ï¼ä½ éè¦éè¿ä¿®æ¹postgres
+ ql.confæä»¶ä¸çmax_connections弿¥
+ å¢å postmasterçåå°å¹¶åå¤çæ°ï¼ä¿®æ¹åééæ°å¯å¨postmasterã
+
+ 3.6)PostgreSQLçå级è¿ç¨æåªäºå容 ï¼
+
+ PostgreSQL å¼åç»å¯¹æ¯æ¬¡å°çæ¬çå级主è¦åªåäºä¸äºBugä¿®æ£å·¥ä½ï¼å æ¤ä»
+ 7.4.8 åçº§å° 7.4.9 ä¸éè¦ dump å restoreï¼ä»éè¦åæ­
+ ¢æ°æ®åºæå¡å¨ï¼å®è£æ´æ°åç软件åï¼ç¶åé坿å¡å¨å³å¯ã
+
+ ææPostgreSQLçç¨æ·åºè¯¥å¨ææ¥è¿ï¼ä½ æä½¿ç¨çä¸»çæ¬ï¼çå°æ¹è¿çæ¬åå¸å°½å¿«åç
+ º§ãå°½ç®¡æ¯æ¬¡å级å¯è½é½æä¸ç¹é£é©ï¼PostgreSQLçå°æ¹è¿çä»ä»æ¯è®¾è®¡ç¨æ¥ä
+ ¿®æ­
+ £ä¸äºBugçï¼ä»£ç æ¹å¨è¾å°ï¼æä»¥é£é©è¿æ¯å¾å°çãPostgreSQL社åºè®¤ä¸ºä¸è¬æ
+ åµä¸ä¸å级çé£é©è¿æ¯å¤äºå级çã
+
+ ä¸»çæ¬çå级ï¼ä¾å¦ä» 7.3 å° 7.4ï¼é常ä¼ä¿®æ¹ç³»ç»è¡¨åæ°æ®è¡¨çå鍿 ¼å¼ã
+ è¿äºæ¹åä¸è¬æ¯è¾å¤æï¼å æ¤æä»¬ä¸ç»´ææ°æ®æä»¶çååå¼å®¹æ§ãå æ¤ä»èçæ¬ä¸­
+ è¿è¡æ°æ®å¯¼åºï¼dumpï¼/ç¶å卿°çæ¬ä¸­
+ è¿è¡æ°æ®å¯¼å¥ï¼reloadï¼å¯¹ä¸»çæ¬çå级æ¯å¿é¡»çã
+
+ 3.7)(使ç¨PostgreSQL)æéè¦ä½¿ç¨ä»ä¹è®¡ç®æºç¡¬ä»¶ ï¼
+
+ ç±äºè®¡ç®æºç¡¬ä»¶å¤§å¤æ°æ¯å¼å®¹çï¼äººä»¬æ»æ¯å¾åäºç¸ä¿¡ææè®¡ç®æºç¡¬ä»¶è
+ ´¨é乿¯ç¸åçãäºå®ä¸ä¸æ¯ï¼ ECC RAMï¼å¸¦å¥å¶æ ¡éªçååï¼ï¼SCSI
+ ï¼ç¡¬çï¼åä¼è´¨çä¸»æ¿æ¯ä¸äºä¾¿å®è´§è¦æ´å å¯é ä¸å·ææ´å¥½çæ§è½ãPostgreSQL
+ å ä¹å¯ä»¥è¿è¡å¨ä»»ä½ç¡¬ä»¶ä¸ï¼
+ ä½å¦æå¯é æ§åæ§è½å¯¹ä½ çç³»ç»å¾éè¦ï¼ä½ å°±éè¦å¨é¢çç ç©¶ä¸ä¸ä½ ç硬件éç
+ ½®äºã卿们çé®ä»¶å表ä¸ä¹æå³äº 硬件éç½®åæ§ä»·æ¯ç讨论ã
_________________________________________________________________
-²Ù×÷ÎÊÌâ
+æä½é®é¢
- 4.1)ÈçºÎֻѡÔñÒ»¸ö²éѯ½á¹ûµÄÍ·¼¸ÐУ¿»òÊÇËæ»úµÄÒ»ÐУ¿
-
- Èç¹ûÄãÖ»ÊÇÒªÌáÈ¡¼¸ÐÐÊý¾Ý£¬²¢ÇÒÄãÔÚÖ´ÐвéѯÖÐÖªµÀÈ·ÇеÄÐÐÊý£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ
- LIMIT¹¦ÄÜ¡£ Èç¹ûÓÐÒ»¸öË÷ÒýÓë ORDER BYÖеÄÌõ¼þÆ¥Å䣬PostgreSQL
- ¿ÉÄܾÍÖ»´¦ÀíÒªÇóµÄÍ·¼¸Ìõ¼Ç¼£¬
- £¨·ñÔò½«¶ÔÕû¸ö²éѯ½øÐд¦ÀíÖ±µ½Éú³ÉÐèÒªµÄÐУ©¡£Èç¹ûÔÚÖ´Ðвéѯ¹¦ÄÜʱ²»Öª
- µÀÈ·ÇеļǼÊý£¬ ¿ÉʹÓÃÓαê(cursor)ºÍFETCH¹¦ÄÜ¡£
-
- ¿ÉʹÓÃÒÔÏ·½·¨ÌáȡһÐÐËæ»ú¼Ç¼µÄ£º
- SELECT cols
- FROM tab
- ORDER BY random()
- LIMIT 1 ;
+ 4.1) å¦ä½åªéæ©ä¸ä¸ªæ¥è¯¢ç»æç头å è¡ï¼ææ¯éæºçä¸è¡ï¼
+
+ å¦æä½ åªæ¯è¦æåå è¡æ°æ®ï¼å¹¶ä¸ä½ 卿§è¡æ¥è¯¢ä¸­
+ ç¥éç¡®åçè¡æ°ï¼ä½ å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨LIMITåè½ã 妿æä¸ä¸ªç´¢å¼ä¸ ORDER BY中
+ çæ¡ä»¶å¹éï¼PostgreSQL å¯è½å°±åªå¤çè¦æ±çå¤´å æ¡è®°å½ï¼
+ ï¼å¦åå°å¯¹æ´ä¸ªæ¥è¯¢è¿è¡å¤çç´å°çæéè¦çè¡ï¼ã妿卿§è¡æ¥è¯¢åè½æ¶ä¸ç¥éç¡®å
+ çè®°å½æ°ï¼ å¯ä½¿ç¨æ¸¸æ (cursor)åFETCHåè½ã
+
+ å¯ä½¿ç¨ä»¥ä¸æ¹æ³æåä¸è¡éæºè®°å½çï¼
+ SELECT cols
+ FROM tab
+ ORDER BY random()
+ LIMIT 1 ;
- 4.2)ÈçºÎ²é¿´±í¡¢Ë÷Òý¡¢Êý¾Ý¿âÒÔ¼°Óû§µÄ¶¨Ò壿ÈçºÎ²é¿´psqlÀïÓõ½µÄ²éѯָÁî²¢Ï
- ÔʾËüÃÇ£¿
-
- ÔÚpsqlÖÐʹÓà \dt
- ÃüÁîÀ´ÏÔʾÊý¾Ý±íµÄ¶¨Ò壬ҪÁ˽âpsqlÖеÄÍêÕûÃüÁîÁбí¿ÉʹÓÃ\?
- £¬ÁíÍ⣬ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔÔĶÁ psql µÄÔ´´úÂë
- Îļþpgsql/src/bin/psql/describe.c£¬Ëü°üÀ¨ÎªÉú³Épsql·´Ð±¸ÜÃüÁîµÄÊä³öµÄË
- ùÓÐ SQL ÃüÁî¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔ´ø -E Ñ¡ÏîÆô¶¯ psql£¬
- ÕâÑùËü½«´òÓ¡³öÖ´ÐÐÄãÔÚpsqlÖÐËù¸ø³öµÄÃüÁîµÄÄÚ²¿Êµ¼ÊʹÓõÄSQL²éѯ¡£Postg
- reSQLÒ²ÌṩÁËÒ»¸ö¼æÈÝSQLµÄINFORMATION SCHEMA½Ó¿Ú£¬
- Äã¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÕâÀï»ñÈ¡¹ØÓÚÊý¾Ý¿âµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£
-
- ÔÚϵͳÖÐÓÐһЩÒÔpg_ ´òÍ·µÄϵͳ±íÒ²ÃèÊöÁ˱íµÄ¶¨Òå¡£
-
- ʹÓà psql -l Ö¸Áî¿ÉÒÔÁгöËùÓеÄÊý¾Ý¿â¡£
-
- Ò²¿ÉÒÔä¯ÀÀÒ»ÏÂ
- pgsql/src/tutorial/syscat.sourceÎļþ£¬ËüÁоÙÁ˺ܶà¿É´ÓÊý¾Ý¿âϵͳ±íÖлñ
- È¡ÐÅÏ¢µÄSELECTÓï·¨¡£
-
- 4.3)ÈçºÎ¸ü¸ÄÒ»¸ö×ֶεÄÊý¾ÝÀàÐÍ£¿
-
- ÔÚ8.0°æ±¾Àï¸ü¸ÄÒ»¸ö×ֶεÄÊý¾ÝÀàÐͺÜÈÝÒ×£¬¿ÉʹÓà ALTER TABLE ALTER
- COLUMN TYPE ¡£
-
- ÔÚÒÔǰµÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬¿ÉÒÔÕâÑù×ö£º
- BEGIN;
+ 4.2)
+ å¦ä½æ¥ç表ãç´¢å¼ãæ°æ®åºä»¥åç¨æ·çå®ä¹ï¼å¦ä½æ¥çpsqléç¨å°çæ¥è¯¢æä»¤å¹¶æ¾ç¤ºå®ä»¬
+ ï¼
+
+ å¨psqlä¸ä½¿ç¨ \dt å½ä»¤æ¥æ¾ç¤ºæ°æ®è¡¨çå®ä¹ï¼è¦äºè§£psql中
+ ç宿´å½ä»¤å表å¯ä½¿ç¨\? ï¼å¦å¤ï¼ä½ ä¹å¯ä»¥é读 psql çæºä»£ç
+ æä»¶pgsql/src/bin/psql/describe.cï¼å®åæ¬ä¸ºçæpsqlåææ å½ä»¤çè¾åºçææ SQL
+ å½ä»¤ãä½ è¿å¯ä»¥å¸¦ -E é项å¯å¨ psqlï¼ è¿æ ·å®å°æå°åºä½ å¨psql中
+ æç»åºçå½ä»¤æ§è¡æ¶çåé¨å®é使ç¨çSQLæ¥è¯¢è¯­
+ å¥ãPostgreSQL乿ä¾äºä¸ä¸ªå¼å®¹SQLçINFORMATION SCHEMAæ¥å£ï¼
+ ä½ å¯ä»¥ä»è¿éè·åå³äºæ°æ®åºçä¿¡æ¯ã
+
+ å¨ç³»ç»ä¸ä¹æä¸äºä»¥pg_ æå¤´çç³»ç»è¡¨ä¹æè¿°äºè¡¨çå®ä¹ã
+
+ ä½¿ç¨ psql -l æä»¤å¯ä»¥ååºææçæ°æ®åºã
+
+ ä¹å¯ä»¥æµè§ä¸ä¸
+ pgsql/src/tutorial/syscat.sourceæä»¶ï¼å®å举äºå¾å¤å¯ä»æ°æ®åºç³»ç»è¡¨ä¸
+ è·åä¿¡æ¯çSELECTè¯æ³ã
+
+ 4.3) å¦ä½æ´æ¹ä¸ä¸ªåæ®µçæ°æ®ç±»åï¼
+
+ å¨8.0çæ¬éæ´æ¹ä¸ä¸ªåæ®µçæ°æ®ç±»åå¾å®¹æï¼å¯ä½¿ç¨ ALTER TABLE ALTER
+ COLUMN TYPE ã
+
+ å¨ä»¥åççæ¬ä¸ï¼å¯ä»¥è¿æ ·åï¼
+ BEGIN;
ALTER TABLE tab ADD COLUMN new_col new_data_type;
UPDATE tab SET new_col = CAST(old_col AS new_data_type);
ALTER TABLE tab DROP COLUMN old_col;
COMMIT;
- ÄãÈ»ºó¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃVACUUM FULL tab Ö¸ÁîÀ´Ê¹ÏµÍ³ÊÕ»ØÎÞЧÊý¾ÝËùÕ¼ÓõĿռ䡣
-
- 4.4)Ò»ÐмǼ£¬Ò»¸ö±í£¬Ò»¸ö¿âµÄ×î´ó³ß´çÊǶàÉÙ£¿
-
- ÏÂÃæÊÇһЩÏÞÖÆ£º
-
- Ò»¸öÊý¾Ý¿â×î´ó³ß´ç£¿ ÎÞÏÞÖÆ£¨ÒÑ´æÔÚÓÐ 32TB µÄÊý¾Ý¿â£©
- Ò»¸ö±íµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£¿ 32 TB
- Ò»ÐмǼµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç£¿ 1.6 TB
- Ò»¸ö×ֶεÄ×î´ó³ß´ç? 1 GB
- Ò»¸ö±íÀï×î´óÐÐÊý£¿ ÎÞÏÞÖÆ
- Ò»¸ö±íÀï×î´óÁÐÊý£¿ 250-1600 £¨ÓëÁÐÀàÐÍÓйأ©
- Ò»¸ö±íÀïµÄ×î´óË÷ÒýÊýÁ¿£¿ ÎÞÏÞÖÆ
-
- µ±È»£¬Êµ¼ÊÉÏûÓÐÕæÕýµÄÎÞÏÞÖÆ£¬»¹ÊÇÒªÊÜ¿ÉÓôÅÅ̿ռ䡢¿ÉÓÃÄÚ´æ/½»»»ÇøµÄÖ
- ÆÔ¼¡£ ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬µ±ÕâЩÊýÖµ±äµÃÒì³£µØ´óʱ£¬ÏµÍ³ÐÔÄÜÒ²»áÊܴܺóÓ°Ïì¡£
-
- ±íµÄ×î´ó³ß´ç 32 TB ²»ÐèÒª²Ù×÷ϵͳ¶Ô´óÎļþµÄÖ§³Ö¡£´ó±íÓöà¸ö 1 GB
- µÄÎļþ´æ´¢£¬Òò´ËÎļþϵͳ³ß´çµÄÏÞÖÆÊDz»ÖØÒªµÄ¡£
-
- Èç¹ûȱʡµÄ¿é´óСÔö³¤µ½ 32K £¬×î´óµÄ±í³ß´çºÍ×î´óÁÐÊý»¹¿ÉÒÔÔö¼Óµ½Ëı¶¡£
-
- 4.5)´æ´¢Ò»¸öµäÐ͵ÄÎı¾ÎļþÀïµÄÊý¾ÝÐèÒª¶àÉÙ´ÅÅ̿ռ䣿
-
- Ò»¸ö Postgres
- Êý¾Ý¿â£¨´æ´¢Ò»¸öÎı¾Îļþ£©ËùÕ¼ÓõĿռä×î¶à¿ÉÄÜÐèÒªÏ൱ÓÚÕâ¸öÎı¾Îļþ×Ô
- Éí´óС5±¶µÄ´ÅÅ̿ռ䡣
-
- ÀýÈ磬¼ÙÉèÓÐÒ»¸ö 100,000 ÐеÄÎļþ£¬Ã¿ÐÐÓÐÒ»¸öÕûÊýºÍÒ»¸öÎı¾ÃèÊö¡£
- ¼ÙÉèÎı¾´®µÄƽ¾ù³¤¶ÈΪ20×Ö½Ú¡£Îı¾ÎļþÕ¼Óà 2.8 MB¡£´æ·ÅÕâЩÊý¾ÝµÄ
- PostgreSQL Êý¾Ý¿âÎļþ´óÔ¼ÊÇ 6.4 MB:
- 32 ×Ö½Ú: ÿÐеÄÍ·£¨¹À¼ÆÖµ£©
- 24 ×Ö½Ú: Ò»¸öÕûÊýÐÍ×ֶκÍÒ»¸öÎı¾ÐÍ×Ö¶Î
- + 4 ×Ö½Ú: Ò³ÃæÄÚÖ¸ÏòÔª×éµÄÖ¸Õë
+ ä½ ç¶åå¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨VACUUM FULL tab æä»¤æ¥ä½¿ç³»ç»æ¶åæ ææ°æ®æå ç¨ç空é´ã
+
+ 4.4) åæ¡è®°å½ï¼å个表ï¼åä¸ªæ°æ®åºçæå¤§éå¶æ¯å¤å°ï¼
+
+ ä¸é¢æ¯ä¸äºéå¶ï¼
+
+ åä¸ªæ°æ®åºæå¤§å°ºå¯¸ï¼ æ éå¶ï¼å·²å卿 32TB çæ°æ®åºï¼
+ å个表çæå¤§å°ºå¯¸ï¼ 32 TB
+ ä¸è¡è®°å½çæå¤§å°ºå¯¸ï¼ 1.6 TB
+ ä¸ä¸ªå段çæå¤§å°ºå¯¸? 1 GB
+ ä¸ä¸ªè¡¨éæå¤§è¡æ°ï¼ æ éå¶
+ ä¸ä¸ªè¡¨éæå¤§åæ°ï¼ 250-1600 ï¼ä¸åç±»åæå³ï¼
+ ä¸ä¸ªè¡¨éçæå¤§ç´¢å¼æ°éï¼ æ éå¶
+
+ å½ç¶ï¼å®é䏿²¡æçæ£çæ éå¶ï¼è¿æ¯è¦åå¯ç¨ç£ç空é´ãå¯ç¨åå/交æ¢åºçå¶çº¦ã
+ äºå®ä¸ï¼å½ä¸è¿°è¿äºæ°å¼åå¾å¼å¸¸å°å¤§æ¶ï¼ç³»ç»æ§è½ä¹ä¼åå¾å¤§å½±åã
+
+ å表çæå¤§å¤§å° 32 TB
+ ä¸éè¦æä½ç³»ç»å¯¹å个æä»¶ä¹éè¿ä¹å¤§çæ¯æã大表ç¨å¤ä¸ª 1 GB çæä»¶å­
+ å¨ï¼å æ¤æä»¶ç³»ç»å¤§å°çéå¶æ¯ä¸éè¦çã
+
+ å¦æç¼ºççå大å°å¢é¿å° 32K ï¼æå¤§çå表大å°åæå¤§åæ°è¿å¯ä»¥å¢å å°ååã
+
+ æä¸ä¸ªéå¶å°±æ¯ä¸è½å¯¹å¤§å°å¤äº2000å­
+ èçåå建索å¼ã幸è¿å°æ¯è¿æ ·çç´¢å¼å¾å°ç¨å°ãéè¿å¯¹å¤å­
+ èåçå容è¿è¡MD5åç¨è¿ç®ç»æè¿è¡å½æ°ç´¢å¼å¯å¯¹åçå¯ä¸æ§å¾å°ä¿è¯ï¼
+ å¹¶ä¸å¨ææ£ç´¢å许对åä¸çåè¯è¿è¡æç´¢ã
+
+ 4.5) åå¨ä¸ä¸ªå¸åçææ¬æä»¶éçæ°æ®éè¦å¤å°ç£ç空é´ï¼
+
+ ä¸ä¸ª Postgres æ°æ®åºï¼å­
+ å¨ä¸ä¸ªææ¬æä»¶ï¼æå ç¨çç©ºé´æå¤å¯è½éè¦ç¸å½äºè¿ä¸ªææ¬æä»¶èªèº«å¤§å°5åçç£
+ ç空é´ã
+
+ ä¾å¦ï¼å设æä¸ä¸ª 100,000 è¡çæä»¶ï¼æ¯è¡æä¸ä¸ªæ´æ°åä¸ä¸ªææ¬æè¿°ã
+ åè®¾ææ¬ä¸²çå¹³åé¿åº¦ä¸º20åèãææ¬æä»¶å ç¨ 2.8 MBãå­
+ æ¾è¿äºæ°æ®çPostgreSQLæ°æ®åºæä»¶å¤§çº¦æ¯ 6.4 MB:
+ 28 åè: æ¯è¡ç头ï¼å¤§çº¦å¼ï¼
+ 24 åè: ä¸ä¸ªæ´æ°ååæ®µåä¸ä¸ªææ¬ååæ®µ
+ + 4 åè: 页é¢åæååç»çæé
----------------------------------------
- 60 ×Ö½ÚÿÐÐ
-
- PostgreSQL Êý¾ÝÒ³µÄ´óСÊÇ 8192 ×Ö½Ú (8 KB)£¬Ôò£º
+ 56 åèæ¯è¡
- 8192 ×Ö½Úÿҳ
- ------------------- = 136 ÐÐ/Êý¾ÝÒ³£¨ÏòÏÂÈ¡Õû£©
- 60 ×Ö½ÚÿÐÐ
+ PostgreSQL æ°æ®é¡µç大尿¯ 8192 åè (8 KB)ï¼åï¼
- 100000 Êý¾ÝÐÐ
- -------------------- = 735 Êý¾ÝÒ³£¨ÏòÉÏÈ¡Õû£©
- 128 ÐÐÿҳ
+ 8192 åèæ¯é¡µ
+ ------------------- = 146 è¡/æ°æ®é¡µï¼åä¸åæ´ï¼
+ 56 åèæ¯è¡
- 735 Êý¾ÝÒ³ * 8192 ×Ö½Ú/Ò³ = 6,021,120 ×Ö½Ú£¨6 MB£©
+ 100000 æ°æ®è¡
+ -------------------- = 685 æ°æ®é¡µï¼åä¸åæ´ï¼
+ 146 è¡/æ°æ®é¡µ
- Ë÷Òý²»ÐèÒªÕâô¶àµÄ¶îÍâÏûºÄ£¬µ«Ò²È·Êµ°üÀ¨±»Ë÷ÒýµÄÊý¾Ý£¬Òò´ËËüÃÇÒ²¿ÉÄܺÜ
- ´ó¡£
-
- ¿ÕÖµNULL´æ·ÅÔÚλͼÖУ¬Òò´ËÕ¼ÓúÜÉٵĿռ䡣
-
- 4.6)ΪʲôÎҵIJéѯºÜÂý£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÕâЩ²éѯûÓÐÀûÓÃË÷Òý£¿
-
- ²¢·Çÿ¸ö²éѯ¶¼»á×Ô¶¯Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý¡£Ö»ÓÐÔÚ±íµÄ´óС³¬¹ýÒ»¸ö×îСֵ£¬²¢ÇÒ²éѯֻ
- »áÑ¡ÖбíÖнÏС±ÈÀýµÄ¼Ç¼ʱ²Å»á²ÉÓÃË÷Òý¡£
- ÕâÊÇÒòΪË÷ÒýɨÃèÒýÆðµÄËæ¼´´ÅÅÌ´æÈ¡¿ÉÄܱÈÖ±½ÓµØ¶ÁÈ¡±í£¨Ë³ÐòɨÃ裩¸üÂý¡£
-
- ΪÁËÅжÏÊÇ·ñʹÓÃË÷Òý£¬PostgreSQL±ØÐë»ñµÃÓйرíµÄͳ¼ÆÖµ¡£ÕâЩͳ¼ÆÖµ¿ÉÒÔ
- ʹÓà VACUUM ANALYZE£¬»ò ANALYZE »ñµÃ¡£
- ʹÓÃͳ¼ÆÖµ£¬ÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÖªµÀ±íÖÐÓжàÉÙÐУ¬¾ÍÄܹ»¸üºÃµØÅжÏÊÇ·ñÀûÓÃË÷Òý¡£
- ͳ¼ÆÖµ¶ÔÈ·¶¨ÓÅ»¯µÄÁ¬½Ó˳ÐòºÍÁ¬½Ó·½·¨Ò²ºÜÓÐÓá£ÔÚ±íµÄÄÚÈÝ·¢Éú±ä»¯Ê±£¬Ó¦
- ¶¨ÆÚ½øÐÐͳ¼ÆÖµµÄ¸üÐÂÊÕ¼¯¡£
-
- Ë÷Òýͨ³£²»ÓÃÓÚ ORDER BY
- »òÖ´ÐÐÁ¬½Ó¡£¶ÔÒ»¸ö´ó±íµÄÒ»´Î˳ÐòɨÃ裬ÔÙ×öÒ»¸öÏÔʽµÄÅÅÐòͨ³£±ÈË÷ÒýɨÃè
- Òª¿ì¡£
-
- µ«ÊÇ£¬ÔÚ LIMIT ºÍ ORDER BY ½áºÏʹÓÃʱ¾­
- ³£»áʹÓÃË÷Òý£¬ÒòΪÕâÖ»»á·µ»Ø±íµÄһС²¿·Ö¡£ ʵ¼ÊÉÏ£¬ËäÈ» MAX() ºÍ MIN()
- ²¢²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý£¬Í¨¹ý¶Ô ORDER BY ºÍ LLIMIT
- ʹÓÃË÷ÒýÈ¡µÃ×î´óÖµºÍ×îСֵҲÊÇ¿ÉÒԵģº
- SELECT col
- FROM tab
- ORDER BY col [ DESC ]
- LIMIT 1;
+ 685 æ°æ®é¡µ * 8192 åè/页 = 5,611,520 åèï¼5.6 MBï¼
- Èç¹ûÄãÈ·ÐÅPostgreSQLµÄÓÅ»¯Æ÷ʹÓÃ˳ÐòɨÃèÊDz»ÕýÈ·µÄ£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃSET
- enable_seqscan TO 'off'Ö¸Á
- È»ºóÔÙ´ÎÔËÐвéѯ£¬Äã¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¿´³öʹÓÃÒ»¸öË÷ÒýɨÃèÊÇ·ñȷʵҪ¿ìһЩ¡£
-
- µ±Ê¹ÓÃͨÅä·û²Ù×÷£¬ÀýÈç LIKE »ò ~ ʱ£¬Ë÷ÒýÖ»ÄÜÔÚÌØ¶¨µÄÇé¿öÏÂʹÓãº
- * ×Ö·û´®µÄ¿ªÊ¼²¿·Ö±ØÐëÊÇÆÕͨ×Ö·û´®£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£º
- + LIKE ģʽ²»ÄÜÒÔ % ´òÍ·¡£
- + ~ £¨ÕýÔò±í´ïʽ£©Ä£Ê½±ØÐëÒÔ ^ ´òÍ·¡£
- * ×Ö·û´®²»ÄÜÒÔÆ¥Åä¶à¸ö×Ö·ûµÄģʽÀà´òÍ·£¬ÀýÈç [a-e]¡£
- * ´óСдÎ޹صIJéÕÒ£¬Èç ILIKE ºÍ ~* µÈ²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý£¬µ«¿ÉÒÔÓà 4.8
- ½ÚÃèÊöµÄº¯ÊýË÷Òý¡£
- * ÔÚ×ö initdb ʱ±ØÐë²ÉÓÃȱʡµÄ±¾µØÉèÖà C
- locale£¬ÒòΪϵͳ²»¿ÉÄÜÖªµÀÔÚ·ÇC localeÇé¿öʱÏÂÒ»¸ö×î´ó×Ö·ûÊÇʲô¡£
- ÔÚÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏ£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ´´½¨Ò»¸öÌØÊâµÄtext_pattern_opsË÷ÒýÀ´ÓÃÓÚLIKEµÄ
- Ë÷Òý¡£
+ ç´¢å¼ä¸éè¦è¿ä¹å¤çé¢å¤æ¶èï¼ä½ä¹ç¡®å®åæ¬è¢«ç´¢å¼çæ°æ®ï¼å æ­
+ ¤å®ä»¬ä¹å¯è½å¾å¤§ã
+
+ 空å¼NULLåæ¾å¨ä½å¾ä¸ï¼å æ¤å ç¨å¾å°ç空é´ã
+
+ 4.6) 为ä»ä¹æçæ¥è¯¢å¾æ¢ï¼ä¸ºä»ä¹è¿äºæ¥è¯¢æ²¡æå©ç¨ç´¢å¼ï¼
+
+ å¹¶éæ¯ä¸ªæ¥è¯¢é½ä¼èªå¨ä½¿ç¨ç´¢å¼ãåªæå¨è¡¨ç大å°è¶è¿ä¸ä¸ªæå°å¼ï¼å¹¶ä¸æ¥
+ 询åªä¼éä¸è¡¨ä¸è¾å°æ¯ä¾çè®°å½æ¶æä¼éç¨ç´¢å¼ã
+ è¿æ¯å ä¸ºç´¢å¼æ«æå¼èµ·çéå³ç£çååå¯è½æ¯ç´æ¥å°è¯»å表ï¼é¡ºåºæ«æï¼æ´æ¢ã
+
+ 为äºå¤æ­
+ æ¯å¦ä½¿ç¨ç´¢å¼ï¼PostgreSQLå¿é¡»è·å¾æå³è¡¨çç»è®¡å¼ãè¿äºç»è®¡å¼å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç
+ ¨ VACUUM ANALYZEï¼æ ANALYZE è·å¾ã 使ç¨ç»è®¡å¼ï¼ä¼åå¨ç¥é表中
+ æå¤å°è¡ï¼å°±è½å¤æ´å¥½å°å¤ææ¯å¦å©ç¨ç´¢å¼ã
+ ç»è®¡å¼å¯¹ç¡®å®ä¼åçè¿æ¥é¡ºåºåè¿æ¥æ¹æ³ä¹å¾æç¨ãå¨è¡¨çå容åçååæ¶ï¼åºå®æè¿
+ è¡ç»è®¡å¼çæ´æ°æ¶éã
+
+ ç´¢å¼é常ä¸ç¨äº ORDER BY
+ ææ§è¡è¿æ¥ã对ä¸ä¸ªå¤§è¡¨ç䏿¬¡é¡ºåºæ«æåå䏿¬¡æåºé常æ¯ç´¢å¼æ«æè¦å¿«ãç¶
+ èï¼å¦æå° LIMIT å ORDER BY
+ ç»åå¨ä¸èµ·ä½¿ç¨çè¯ï¼é常å°ä¼ä½¿ç¨ç´¢å¼ï¼å ä¸ºè¿æ¶ä»è¿å表中
+ çä¸å°é¨åè®°å½ã
+
+ å¦æä½ ç¡®ä¿¡PostgreSQLçä¼åå¨ä½¿ç¨é¡ºåºæ«ææ¯ä¸æ£ç¡®çï¼ä½ å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨SET
+ enable_seqscan TO 'off'æä»¤æ¥å³éé¡ºåºæ«æï¼
+ ç¶å忬¡è¿è¡æ¥è¯¢ï¼ä½ å°±å¯ä»¥çåºä½¿ç¨ä¸ä¸ªç´¢å¼æ«ææ¯å¦ç¡®å®è¦å¿«ä¸äºã
+
+ å½ä½¿ç¨éé符æä½ï¼ä¾å¦ LIKE æ ~ æ¶ï¼ç´¢å¼åªè½å¨ç¹å®çæåµä¸ä½¿ç¨ï¼
+ * å符串çå¼å§é¨åå¿é¡»æ¯æ®éå符串ï¼ä¹å°±æ¯è¯´ï¼
+ + LIKE 模å¼ä¸è½ä»¥ % æå¤´ã
+ + ~ ï¼æ£å表达å¼ï¼æ¨¡å¼å¿é¡»ä»¥ ^ æå¤´ã
+ * å符串ä¸è½ä»¥å¹éå¤ä¸ªåç¬¦çæ¨¡å¼ç±»æå¤´ï¼ä¾å¦ [a-e]ã
+ * 大å°åæ å³çæ¥æ¾ï¼å¦ ILIKE å ~* çä¸ä½¿ç¨ç´¢å¼ï¼ä½å¯ä»¥ç¨ 4.8
+ èæè¿°ç表达å¼ç´¢å¼ã
+ * å¨å initdb æ¶å¿é¡»éç¨ç¼ºççæ¬å°è®¾ç½® C
+ localeï¼å 为系ç»ä¸å¯è½ç¥éå¨éC localeæåµæ¶ä¸ä¸ä¸ªæå¤§å符æ¯ä»ä¹ã
+ å¨è¿ç§æåµä¸ï¼ä½ å¯ä»¥å建ä¸ä¸ªç¹æ®çtext_pattern_opsç´¢å¼æ¥ç¨äºLIKE
+ çç´¢å¼ã
- ÔÚ8.0֮ǰµÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬³ý·ÇÒª²éѯµÄÊý¾ÝÀàÐͺÍË÷ÒýµÄÊý¾ÝÀàÐÍÏàÆ¥Å䣬·ñÔòË÷Ò
- ý¾³£ÊÇδ±»Óõ½£¬ÌرðÊǶÔint2,int8ºÍÊýÖµÐ͵ÄË÷Òý¡£
+ å¨8.0ä¹åççæ¬ä¸­
+ ï¼é¤éè¦æ¥è¯¢çæ°æ®ç±»ååç´¢å¼çæ°æ®ç±»åç¸å¹éï¼å¦åç´¢å¼ç»å¸¸æ¯æªè¢«ç¨å°ï¼ç
+ ¹å«æ¯å¯¹int2,int8åæ°å¼åçç´¢å¼ã
- 4.7)ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ¿´µ½²éѯÓÅ»¯Æ÷ÊÇÔõÑùÆÀ¹À´¦ÀíÎҵIJéѯ£¿
-
- ²Î¿¼ EXPLAIN ÊÖ²áÒ³¡£
+ 4.7) æå¦ä½æè½çå°æ¥è¯¢ä¼å卿¯ææ ·è¯ä¼°å¤çæçæ¥è¯¢ï¼
+
+ åè EXPLAIN æå页ã
- 4.8)ÎÒÔõÑù×öÕýÔò±í´ïʽËÑË÷ºÍ´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽ²éÕÒ£¿ÔõÑùÀûÓÃË÷Òý½øÐдóÐ
- ¡Ð´Î޹زéÕÒ£¿
-
- ²Ù×÷·û ~ ´¦ÀíÕýÔò±í´ïʽƥÅ䣬¶ø ~*
- ´¦Àí´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽƥÅä¡£´óдЩÎÞ¹ØµÄ LIKE ±äÖÖ³ÉΪ ILIKE¡£
+ 4.8) æææ ·åæ£åè¡¨è¾¾å¼æç´¢å大å°åæ å³çæ­
+ £åè¡¨è¾¾å¼æ¥æ¾ï¼ææ ·å©ç¨ç´¢å¼è¿è¡å¤§å°åæ 峿¥æ¾ï¼
+
+ æä½ç¬¦ ~ å¤çæ£å表达å¼å¹éï¼è ~* å¤ç大å°åæ å³çæ­
+ £å表达å¼å¹éã大å°åæ å³ç LIKE åç§æä¸º ILIKEã
- ´óСдÎ޹صĵÈʽ±È½Ïͨ³£Ð´×ö£º
+ 大å°åæ å³çç弿¯è¾é常ååï¼
SELECT *
FROM tab
WHERE lower(col) = 'abc';
- ÕâÑù½«²»»áʹÓñê×¼µÄË÷Òý¡£µ«ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔ´´½¨Ò»¸ö¿É±»ÀûÓõĺ¯ÊýË÷Òý:
+ è¿æ ·å°ä¸ä¼ä½¿ç¨æ åçç´¢å¼ã使¯å¯ä»¥å建ä¸ä¸ªå¨è¿ç§æåµä¸ä½¿ç¨ç表达å¼ç
+ ´¢å¼:
CREATE INDEX tabindex ON tab (lower(col));
- 4.9)ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éѯÀÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñΪ NULL
- £¿ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜ׼ȷÅÅÐò¶ø²»ÂÛij×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñº¬ NULL Öµ£¿
-
- Óà IS NULL ºÍ IS NOT NULL ²âÊÔÕâ¸ö×ֶΣ¬¾ßÌå·½·¨ÈçÏ£º
+ 妿ä¸è¿°ç´¢å¼å¨å建æ¶å å¥UNIQUE约æï¼è½ç¶ç´¢å¼å段èªèº«å容å¯ä»¥å­
+ å¨å¤§å°åä¸éçå容ï¼ä½å¦ææUNIQUE约æåï¼è¿äºå容ä¸è½ä»ä»æ¯å¤§å°åä¸åï¼å¦åä
+ ¼é æå²çªï¼ã为äºä¿è¯ä¸åçè¿ç§æåµï¼å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨CHECKçº¦ææ¡ä»¶ææ¯è§¦åå¨å¨å½
+ 奿¶è¿è¡éå¶ã
+
+ 4.9) å¨ä¸ä¸ªæ¥è¯¢éï¼æææ ·æ£æµä¸ä¸ªå段æ¯å¦ä¸º NULL ï¼æå¦ä½æè½åç¡®æåºèä¸è®ºæå­
+ 段æ¯å¦å« NULL å¼ï¼
+
+ ç¨ IS NULL å IS NOT NULL æµè¯è¿ä¸ªå段ï¼å·ä½æ¹æ³å¦ä¸ï¼
SELECT *
FROM tab
WHERE col IS NULL;
- ΪÁËÄܶԺ¬ NULL×Ö¶ÎÅÅÐò£¬¿ÉÔÚ ORDER BY Ìõ¼þÖÐʹÓà IS NULLºÍ IS NOT
- NULL ÐÞÊηû£¬Ìõ¼þÎªÕæ true ½«±ÈÌõ¼þΪ¼Ùfalse
- ÅÅÔÚÇ°Ãæ£¬ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ӾͻὫº¬ NULL µÄ¼Ç¼ÅÅÔÚ½á¹ûµÄÉÏÃæ²¿·Ö£º
+ 为äºè½å¯¹å« NULLåæ®µæåºï¼å¯å¨ ORDER BY æ¡ä»¶ä¸ä½¿ç¨ IS NULLå IS NOT
+ NULL ä¿®é¥°ç¬¦ï¼æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºç true å°æ¯æ¡ä»¶ä¸ºåfalse æå¨åé¢ï¼ä¸é¢çä¾å­
+ å°±ä¼å°å« NULL çè®°å½æå¨ç»æçä¸é¢é¨åï¼
SELECT *
FROM tab
ORDER BY (col IS NOT NULL)
- 4.10)¸÷ÖÖ×Ö·ûÀàÐÍÖ®¼äÓÐʲô²»Í¬£¿
-
- ÀàÐÍ ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ ˵Ã÷
- VARCHAR(n) varchar
- Ö¸¶¨ÁË×î´ó³¤¶È£¬±ä³¤×Ö·û´®£¬²»×㶨Ò峤¶ÈµÄ²¿·Ö²»²¹Æë
- CHAR(n) bpchar ¶¨³¤×Ö·û´®£¬Êµ¼ÊÊý¾Ý²»×㶨Ò峤¶Èʱ£¬ÒÔ¿Õ¸ñ²¹Æë
- TEXT text ûÓÐÌØ±ðµÄÉÏÏÞÏÞÖÆ£¨½öÊÜÐеÄ×î´ó³¤¶ÈÏÞÖÆ£©
- BYTEA bytea ±ä³¤×Ö½ÚÐòÁУ¨Ê¹ÓÃNULLÒ²ÊÇÔÊÐíµÄ£©
- "char" char Ò»¸ö×Ö·û
-
- ÔÚϵͳ±íºÍÔÚһЩ´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÀïÄ㽫¿´µ½ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ¡£
-
- ÉÏÃæËùÁеÄǰËÄÖÖÀàÐÍÊÇ"varlena"£¨±ä³¤£©ÀàÐÍ£¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬¿ªÍ·µÄËĸö×Ö½ÚÊ
- dz¤¶È£¬ºóÃæ²ÅÊÇÊý¾Ý£©¡£ ÓÚÊÇʵ¼ÊÕ¼ÓõĿռä±ÈÉùÃ÷µÄ´óСҪ¶àһЩ¡£
- È»¶øÕâЩÀàÐͶ¼¿ÉÒÔ±»Ñ¹Ëõ´æ´¢£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔÓà TOAST
- ÍÑ»ú´æ´¢£¬Òò´Ë´ÅÅ̿ռäÒ²¿ÉÄܱÈÔ¤ÏëµÄÒªÉÙ¡£
-
- VARCHAR(n) ÔÚ´æ´¢ÏÞÖÆÁË×î´ó³¤¶ÈµÄ±ä³¤×Ö·û´®ÊÇ×îºÃµÄ¡£ TEXT
- ÊÊÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢×î´ó¿É´ï 1G×óÓÒµ«Î´¶¨ÒåÏÞÖÆ³¤¶ÈµÄ×Ö·û´®¡£
-
- CHAR(n) ×îÊʺÏÓÚ´æ´¢³¤¶ÈÏàͬµÄ×Ö·û´®¡£
- CHAR(n)»á¸ù¾ÝËù¸ø¶¨µÄ×ֶ㤶ÈÒÔ¿Õ¸ñ²¹×㣨²»×ãµÄ×Ö¶ÎÄÚÈÝ£©£¬ ¶ø
- VARCHAR(n) Ö»´æ´¢Ëù¸ø¶¨µÄÊý¾ÝÄÚÈÝ¡£ BYTEA
- ÓÃÓÚ´æ´¢¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£¬ÓÈÆäÊǰüº¬ NULL
- ×Ö½ÚµÄÖµ¡£ÕâЩÀàÐ;ßÓÐÏàËÆµÄÐÔÄÜÌØÐÔ¡£
-
- 4.11.1)ÎÒÔõÑù´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÅ/×Ô¶¯µÝÔöµÄ×ֶΣ¿
-
- PostgreSQL Ö§³Ö SERIAL
- Êý¾ÝÀàÐÍ¡£ËüÔÚ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ×Ô¶¯´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÍË÷Òý¡£ÀýÈ磺
- CREATE TABLE person (
- id SERIAL,
- name TEXT
- );
+ 4.10) åç§å符类åä¹é´æä»ä¹ä¸åï¼
+
+ ç±»å åé¨åç§° 说æ
+ VARCHAR(n) varchar æå®äºæå¤§é¿åº¦ï¼åé¿å­
+ 符串ï¼ä¸è¶³å®ä¹é¿åº¦çé¨åä¸è¡¥é½
+ CHAR(n) bpchar å®é¿å符串ï¼å®éæ°æ®ä¸è¶³å®ä¹é¿åº¦æ¶ï¼ä»¥ç©ºæ ¼è¡¥é½
+ TEXT text 没æç¹å«çä¸ééå¶ï¼ä»åè¡çæå¤§é¿åº¦éå¶ï¼
+ BYTEA bytea åé¿åèåºåï¼ä½¿ç¨NULLåç¬¦ä¹æ¯å许çï¼
+ "char" char å个å符
+
+ å¨ç³»ç»è¡¨åå¨ä¸äºé误信æ¯éä½ å°çå°åé¨åç§°ã
+
+ ä¸é¢æåçååç§ç±»åæ¯"varlena"ï¼åé¿ï¼ç±»åï¼ä¹å°±æ¯è¯´ï¼å¼å¤´çå个å­
+ èæ¯é¿åº¦ï¼åé¢ææ¯æ°æ®ï¼ã äºæ¯å®éå ç¨çç©ºé´æ¯å£°æç大å°è¦å¤ä¸äºã
+ ç¶èè¿äºç±»åå¦å®ä¹å¾é¿æ¶é½å¯ä»¥è¢«å缩åå¨ï¼å æ­
+ ¤ç£ç空é´ä¹å¯è½æ¯é¢æ³çè¦å°ã
+
+ VARCHAR(n) å¨åå¨éå¶äºæå¤§é¿åº¦çåé¿åç¬¦ä¸²æ¯æå¥½çã TEXT éç¨äºå­
+ 卿大å¯è¾¾ 1Gå·¦å³ä½æªå®ä¹éå¶é¿åº¦çå符串ã
+
+ CHAR(n) æéåäºåå¨é¿åº¦ç¸åçå符串ã CHAR(n)伿 ¹æ®æç»å®çå­
+ 段é¿åº¦ä»¥ç©ºæ ¼è¡¥è¶³ï¼ä¸è¶³çåæ®µå容ï¼ï¼ è VARCHAR(n) åªå­
+ 卿ç»å®çæ°æ®å容ã BYTEA ç¨äºåå¨äºè¿å¶æ°æ®ï¼å°¤å¶æ¯åå« NULL å­
+ èçå¼ãè¿äºç±»åå·æå·®ä¸å¤çæ§è½ã
+
+ 4.11.1) æææ ·å建ä¸ä¸ªåºåå·ææ¯èªå¨éå¢çåæ®µï¼
+
+ PostgreSQL æ¯æ SERIAL æ°æ®ç±»åãï¼å­
+ 段å®ä¹ä¸ºSERIALåï¼å°èªå¨å建ä¸ä¸ªåºåçæå¨ï¼ä¾å¦ï¼
+ CREATE TABLE person (
+ id SERIAL,
+ name TEXT
+ );
- »á×Ô¶¯×ª»»Îª£º
- CREATE SEQUENCE person_id_seq;
- CREATE TABLE person (
- id INT4 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('person_id_seq'),
- name TEXT
- );
+ ä¼èªå¨è½¬æ¢ä¸ºä»¥ä¸SQLè¯å¥ï¼
+ CREATE SEQUENCE person_id_seq;
+ CREATE TABLE person (
+ id INT4 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('person_id_seq'),
+ name TEXT
+ );
- ²Î¿¼ create_sequence ÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡¹ØÓÚÐòÁеĸü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£
-
- 4.11.2)ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁкŵÄÖµ£¿
-
- Ò»ÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ²åÈë֮ǰÏÈÓú¯Êý nextval() ´ÓÐòÁжÔÏóÀï¼ìË÷³öÏÂÒ»¸ö SERIAL
- Öµ£¬È»ºóÔÙÏÔʽ²åÈ롣ʹÓà 4.11.1 ÀïµÄÀý±í£¬¿ÉÓÃαÂëÕâÑùÃèÊö£º
- new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");
- execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise Pascal')");
+ åè create_sequence æå页è·åå³äºåºåçæå¨çæ´å¤ä¿¡æ¯ã
+
+ 4.11.2) æå¦ä½è·å¾ä¸ä¸ªæå¥çåºåå·çå¼ï¼
+
+ ä¸ç§æ¹æ³æ¯å¨æå¥ä¹ååç¨å½æ° nextval() ä»åºåå¯¹è±¡éæ£ç´¢åºä¸ä¸ä¸ª SERIAL
+ å¼ï¼ç¶ååç¨æ¤å¼ç²¾ç¡®å°æå¥ãä½¿ç¨ 4.11.1 éçä¾è¡¨ï¼å¯ç¨ä¼ªç è¿æ ·æè¿°ï¼
+ new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");
+ execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise Pascal')");
- ÕâÑù»¹ÄÜÔÚÆäËû²éѯÖÐʹÓôæ·ÅÔÚ new_id ÀïµÄÐÂÖµ£¨ÀýÈ磬×÷Ϊ person
- ±íµÄÍâ¼ü£©¡£ ×¢Òâ×Ô¶¯´´½¨µÄ SEQUENCE ¶ÔÏóµÄÃû³Æ½«»áÊÇ
- <table>_<serialcolumn>_seq£¬ ÕâÀï table ºÍ serialcolumn
- ·Ö±ðÊÇÄãµÄ±íµÄÃû³ÆºÍÄãµÄ SERIAL ×ֶεÄÃû³Æ¡£
-
- ÀàËÆµÄ£¬ÔÚ SERIAL ¶ÔÏóȱʡ²åÈëºóÄã¿ÉÒÔÓú¯Êý currval() ¼ìË÷¸Õ¸³ÖµµÄ
- SERIAL Öµ£¬ÀýÈ磺
- execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')");
- new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')");
+ è¿æ ·è¿è½å¨å¶ä»æ¥è¯¢ä¸ä½¿ç¨åæ¾å¨ new_id éçæ°å¼ï¼ä¾å¦ï¼ä½ä¸ºåç§ person
+ 表çå¤é®ï¼ã 注æèªå¨å建ç SEQUENCE 对象çåç§°å°ä¼æ¯
+ <table>_<serialcolumn>_seqï¼ è¿é table å serialcolumn
+ å嫿¯ä½ ç表çåç§°åä½ ç SERIAL åæ®µçåç§°ã
+
+ 类似çï¼å¨ SERIAL 对象缺çæå¥åä½ å¯ä»¥ç¨å½æ° currval() æ£ç´¢åèµå¼ç
+ SERIAL å¼ï¼ä¾å¦ï¼
+ execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')");
+ new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')");
- 4.11.3)ʹÓà currval() »áµ¼ÖÂºÍÆäËûÓû§µÄ³åÍ»Çé¿ö£¨race condition£©Âð£¿
-
- ²»»á¡£currval() ·µ»ØµÄÊÇÄã±¾´Î»á»°½ø³ÌËù¸³µÄÖµ¶ø²»ÊÇËùÓÐÓû§µÄµ±Ç°Öµ¡£
-
- 4.11.4)Ϊʲô²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁкÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁкÅ×ֶεÄȡֵÖдæÔÚ
- ¼ä¶ÏÄØ£¿
-
- ΪÁËÌá¸ß²¢·¢ÐÔ£¬ÐòÁкÅÔÚÐèÒªµÄʱºò¸³ÓèÕýÔÚÔËÐеÄÊÂÎñ£¬²¢ÇÒÔÚÊÂÎñ½áÊøÖ®
- ǰ²»½øÐÐËø¶¨£¬ Õâ¾Í»áµ¼ÖÂÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹µÄÊÂÎñºó£¬ÐòÁкŻá³öÏÖ¼ä¸ô¡£
-
- 4.12)ʲôÊÇ OID £¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ CTID £¿
-
+ 4.11.3) åæ¶ä½¿ç¨ currval() ä¼å¯¼è´åå¶ä»ç¨æ·çå²çªæåµåï¼
+
+ ä¸ä¼ãcurrval() è¿åçæ¯ä½ æ¬æ¬¡ä¼è¯è¿ç¨æèµçå¼è䏿¯ææç¨æ·çå½åå¼ã
+
+ 4.11.4) 为ä»ä¹ä¸å¨äºå¡å¼å¸¸ä¸æ¢åéç¨åºåå·å¢ï¼ä¸ºä»ä¹å¨åºåå·å段çåå¼ä¸åå¨é´æ­
+ å¢ï¼
+
+ ä¸ºäºæé«å¹¶åæ§ï¼åºåå·å¨éè¦çæ¶åèµäºæ­
+ £å¨è¿è¡çäºå¡ï¼å¹¶ä¸å¨äºå¡ç»æä¹åä¸è¿è¡éå®ï¼ è¿å°±ä¼å¯¼è´å¼å¸¸ä¸­
+ æ¢çäºå¡åï¼åºåå·ä¼åºç°é´éã
+
+ 4.12) ä»ä¹æ¯ OID ï¼ä»ä¹æ¯ CTID ï¼
+
PostgreSQL
- Àï´´½¨µÄÿһÐмǼ¶¼»á»ñµÃÒ»¸öΨһµÄOID£¬³ý·ÇÔÚ´´½¨±íʱʹÓÃWITHOUT
- OIDSÑ¡Ïî¡£ OID´´½¨Ê±»á×Ô¶¯Éú³ÉÒ»¸ö4×Ö½ÚµÄÕûÊý£¬ËùÓÐ OID ÔÚÕû¸ö
- PostgreSQL ÖоùÊÇΨһµÄ¡£ È»¶ø£¬ËüÔÚ³¬¹ý40ÒÚʱ½«Òç³ö£¬
- OID´Ëºó»á³öÏÖÖØ¸´¡£PostgreSQL ÔÚËüµÄÄÚ²¿ÏµÍ³±íÀïʹÓà OID
- ÔÚ±íÖ®¼ä½¨Á¢ÁªÏµ¡£
-
- ÔÚÓû§µÄÊý¾Ý±íÖУ¬×îºÃÊÇʹÓÃSERIAlÀ´´úÌæOID
- ÒòΪSERIALÖ»ÊDZ£Ö¤ÔÚµ¥¸ö±íÖÐÊý¾ÝÊÇΨһµÄ£¬ÕâÑùËüÒç³öµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐԾͷdz£Ð¡ÁË
- £¬ SERIAL8¿ÉÓÃÀ´±£´æ8×Ö½ÚµÄÐòÁкÅ×ֶΡ£
-
- CTID ÓÃÓÚ±êʶ´ø×ÅÊý¾Ý¿é£¨µØÖ·£©ºÍ£¨¿éÄÚ£©Æ«ÒƵÄÌØ¶¨µÄÎïÀíÐС£ CTID
- ÔڼǼ±»¸ü¸Ä»òÖØÔØºó·¢Éú¸Ä±ä¡£Ë÷ÒýÈë¿ÚʹÓÃËüÃÇÖ¸ÏòÎïÀíÐС£
-
- 4.13)ΪʲôÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¡°ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()¡±£¿
-
- ÕâºÜ¿ÉÄÜÊÇϵͳµÄÐéÄâÄÚ´æÓùâÁË£¬»òÕßÄں˶ÔijЩ×ÊÔ´Óнϵ͵ÄÏÞÖÆÖµ¡£ÔÚÆô
- ¶¯ postmaster ֮ǰÊÔÊÔÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁ
- ulimit -d 262144
- limit datasize 256m
+ éåå»ºçæ¯ä¸è¡è®°å½é½ä¼è·å¾ä¸ä¸ªå¯ä¸çOIDï¼é¤éå¨å建表æ¶ä½¿ç¨WITHOUT
+ OIDSé项ã OIDå建æ¶ä¼èªå¨çæä¸ä¸ª4åèçæ´æ°ï¼ææ OID
+ å¨ç¸åºPostgreSQLæå¡å¨ä¸åæ¯å¯ä¸çã ç¶èï¼å®å¨è¶è¿40亿æ¶å°æº¢åºï¼ OIDæ­
+ ¤åä¼åºç°éå¤ãPostgreSQL å¨å®çåé¨ç³»ç»è¡¨éä½¿ç¨ OID å¨è¡¨ä¹é´å»ºç«èç³»ã
+
+ å¨ç¨æ·çæ°æ®è¡¨ä¸ï¼æå¥½æ¯ä½¿ç¨SERIAlæ¥ä»£æ¿OID
+ å 为SERIALåªè¦ä¿è¯å¨å个表中
+ çæ°å¼æ¯å¯ä¸çå°±å¯ä»¥äºï¼è¿æ ·å®æº¢åºçå¯è½æ§å°±é常å°äºï¼
+ SERIAL8å¯ç¨æ¥ä¿å8åèçåºåæ°å¼ã
+
+ CTID ç¨äºæ è¯å¸¦çæ°æ®åï¼å°åï¼åï¼ååï¼åç§»çç¹å®çç©çè¡ã CTID
+ å¨è®°å½è¢«æ´æ¹æéè½½ååçæ¹åãç´¢å¼æ°æ®ä½¿ç¨å®ä»¬æåç©çè¡ã
+
+ 4.13) 为ä»ä¹ææ¶å°é误信æ¯âERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()âï¼
+
+ è¿å¾å¯è½æ¯ç³»ç»çèæååç¨åäºï¼æèåæ ¸å¯¹æäºèµæºæè¾ä½çéå¶å¼ãå¨å¯å¨
+ postmaster ä¹åè¯è¯ä¸é¢çå½ä»¤ï¼
+ ulimit -d 262144
+ limit datasize 256m
- È¡¾öÓÚÄãÓõÄ
- shell£¬ÉÏÃæÃüÁîÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÌõÄܳɹ¦£¬µ«ÊÇËü½«°ÑÄãµÄ½ø³ÌÊý¾Ý¶ÎÏÞÖÆÉèµÃ±È½Ï¸ß£
- ¬
- Òò¶øÒ²ÐíÄÜÈòéѯÍê³É¡£ÕâÌõÃüÁîÓ¦ÓÃÓÚµ±Ç°½ø³Ì£¬ÒÔ¼°ËùÓÐÔÚÕâÌõÃüÁîÔËÐкó
- ´´½¨µÄ×Ó½ø³Ì¡£
- Èç¹ûÄãÊÇÔÚÔËÐÐSQL¿Í»§¶ËʱÒòΪºǫ́·µ»ØÁËÌ«¶àµÄÊý¾Ý¶ø³öÏÖÎÊÌ⣬ÇëÔÚÔËÐп
- Í»§¶Ë֮ǰִÐÐÉÏÊöÃüÁî¡£
-
- 4.14)ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL µÄ°æ±¾£¿
-
- ´Ó psql ÀÊäÈë SELECT version();Ö¸Áî¡£
-
- 4.15)ÎÒÈçºÎ´´½¨Ò»¸öȱʡֵÊǵ±Ç°Ê±¼äµÄ×ֶΣ¿
-
- ʹÓà CURRENT_TIMESTAMP£º
- CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
+ åå³äºä½ ç¨ç
+ shellï¼ä¸é¢å½ä»¤åªæä¸æ¡è½æåï¼ä½æ¯å®å°æä½ çè¿ç¨æ°æ®æ®µéå¶è®¾å¾æ¯è¾é«ï¼
+ å èä¹è®¸è½è®©æ¥è¯¢å®æãè¿æ¡å½ä»¤åºç¨äºå½åè¿ç¨ï¼ä»¥åææå¨è¿æ¡å½ä»¤è¿è¡ååå
+ »ºçåè¿ç¨ã
+ å¦æä½ æ¯å¨è¿è¡SQL客æ·ç«¯æ¶å 为åå°è¿åäºå¤ªå¤çæ°æ®èåºç°é®é¢ï¼è¯·å¨è¿è¡
+ 客æ·ç«¯ä¹åæ§è¡ä¸è¿°å½ä»¤ã
+
+ 4.14) æå¦ä½æè½ç¥éæè¿è¡çPostgreSQLççæ¬ï¼
+
+ ä» psql éï¼è¾å¥ SELECT version();æä»¤ã
+
+ 4.15) æå¦ä½å建ä¸ä¸ªç¼ºç弿¯å½åæ¶é´çåæ®µï¼
+
+ ä½¿ç¨ CURRENT_TIMESTAMPï¼
+ CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
- 4.16)ÎÒÔõÑù½øÐÐ outer join £¨ÍâÁ¬½Ó£©£¿
-
- PostgreSQL ²ÉÓñê×¼µÄ SQL Óï·¨Ö§³ÖÍâÁ¬½Ó¡£ÕâÀïÊÇÁ½¸öÀý×Ó£º
- SELECT *
- FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 ON (t1.col = t2.col);
+ 4.16) æææ ·è¿è¡ outer join ï¼å¤è¿æ¥ï¼ï¼
+
+ PostgreSQL éç¨æ åç SQL è¯æ³æ¯æå¤è¿æ¥ãè¿éæ¯ä¸¤ä¸ªä¾åï¼
+ SELECT *
+ FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 ON (t1.col = t2.col);
- »òÊÇ
- SELECT *
- FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 USING (col);
+ ææ¯
+ SELECT *
+ FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 USING (col);
- ÕâÁ½¸öµÈ¼ÛµÄ²éѯÔÚ t1.col ºÍ t2.col ÉÏ×öÁ¬½Ó£¬²¢ÇÒ·µ»Ø t1
- ÖÐËùÓÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐУ¨ÄÇЩÔÚ t2 ÖÐûÓÐÆ¥ÅäµÄÐУ©¡£ ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½Ó(RIGHT OUTER
- JOIN)½«·µ»Ø t2 ÖÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐС£ ÍêÈ«ÍâÁ¬½Ó£¨FULL OUTER JOIN£©½«·µ»Ø t1
- ºÍ t2 ÖÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐС£ ¹Ø¼ü×Ö OUTER
- ÔÚ×ó[Íâ]Á¬½Ó¡¢ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½ÓºÍÍêÈ«[Íâ]Á¬½ÓÖÐÊÇ¿ÉÑ¡µÄ£¬ÆÕͨÁ¬½Ó±»³ÆÎªÄÚÁ¬½Ó
- £¨INNER JOIN£©¡£
-
- 4.17)ÈçºÎʹÓÃÉæ¼°¶à¸öÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯ£¿
-
- ûÓа취²éѯµ±Ç°Êý¾Ý¿âÖ®ÍâµÄÊý¾Ý¿â¡£ ÒòΪ PostgreSQL
- Òª¼ÓÔØÓëÊý¾Ý¿âÏà¹ØµÄϵͳĿ¼£¨ÏµÍ³±í£©£¬Òò´Ë¿çÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯÈçºÎÖ´ÐÐÊDz»
- ¶¨µÄ¡£
-
- ¸½¼ÓÔöֵģ¿écontrib/dblinkÔÊÐí²ÉÓú¯Êýµ÷ÓÃʵÏÖ¿ç¿â²éѯ¡£µ±È»Óû§Ò²¿ÉÒÔ
- ͬʱÁ¬½Óµ½²»Í¬µÄÊý¾Ý¿âÖ´ÐвéѯȻºóÔÚ¿Í»§¶ËºÏ²¢½á¹û¡£
-
- 4.18)ÈçºÎÈú¯Êý·µ»Ø¶àÐлò¶àÁУ¿
-
- ÔÚº¯ÊýÖзµ»ØÊý¾Ý¼Ç¼¼¯µÄ¹¦ÄÜÊǺÜÈÝÒ×ʹÓõģ¬ÏêÇé²Î¼û£º
+ è¿ä¸¤ä¸ªçä»·çæ¥è¯¢å¨ t1.col å t2.col ä¸åè¿æ¥ï¼å¹¶ä¸è¿å t1 中
+ æææªè¿æ¥çè¡ï¼é£äºå¨ t2 䏿²¡æå¹éçè¡ï¼ã å³[å¤]è¿æ¥ï¼RIGHT OUTER
+ JOINï¼å°è¿å t2 䏿ªè¿æ¥çè¡ã å®å¨å¤è¿æ¥ï¼FULL OUTER JOINï¼å°è¿å t1 å t2
+ 䏿ªè¿æ¥çè¡ã å³é®å OUTER å¨å·¦[å¤]è¿æ¥ãå³[å¤]è¿æ¥åå®å¨[å¤]è¿æ¥ä¸­
+ æ¯å¯éçï¼æ®éè¿æ¥è¢«ç§°ä¸ºåè¿æ¥ï¼INNER JOINï¼ã
+
+ 4.17) å¦ä½ä½¿ç¨æ¶åå¤ä¸ªæ°æ®åºçæ¥è¯¢ï¼
+
+ 没æåæ³æ¥è¯¢å½åæ°æ®åºä¹å¤çæ°æ®åºã
+ å 为PostgreSQLè¦å è½½ä¸æ°æ®åºç¸å³çç³»ç»ç®å½ï¼ç³»ç»è¡¨ï¼ï¼å æ­
+ ¤è·¨æ°æ®åºçæ¥è¯¢å¦ä½æ§è¡æ¯ä¸å®çã
+
+ éå å¢å¼æ¨¡åcontrib/dblinkå许éç¨å½æ°è°ç¨å®ç°è·¨åºæ¥è¯¢ãå½ç¶ç¨æ·ä¹å¯ä»¥
+ åæ¶è¿æ¥å°ä¸åçæ°æ®åºæ§è¡æ¥è¯¢ç¶åå¨å®¢æ·ç«¯åå¹¶ç»æã
+
+ 4.18) å¦ä½è®©å½æ°è¿åå¤è¡æå¤åæ°æ®ï¼
+
+ å¨å½æ°ä¸è¿åæ°æ®è®°å½éçåè½æ¯å¾å®¹æä½¿ç¨çï¼è¯¦æåè§ï¼
http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/SetReturningFunctions
- 4.19)ΪʲôÎÒÔÚʹÓÃPL/PgSQLº¯Êý´æÈ¡ÁÙʱ±íʱ»áÊÕµ½´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¡°relation with
- OID ##### does not exist¡±£¿
-
- PL/PgSQL»á»º´æº¯ÊýµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ÓÉ´Ë´øÀ´µÄÒ»¸ö²»ºÃµÄ¸±×÷ÓÃÊÇÈôÒ»¸ö PL/PgSQL
- º¯Êý·ÃÎÊÁËÒ»¸öÁÙʱ±í£¬È»ºó¸Ã±í±»É¾³ý²¢Öؽ¨ÁË£¬ÔòÔٴε÷Óøú¯Êý½«Ê§°Ü£¬
- ÒòΪ»º´æµÄº¯ÊýÄÚÈÝÈÔȻָÏò¾ÉµÄÁÙʱ±í¡£½â¾öµÄ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ PL/PgSQL
- ÖÐÓÃEXECUTE ¶ÔÁÙʱ±í½øÐзÃÎÊ¡£ÕâÑù»á±£Ö¤²éѯÔÚÖ´ÐÐǰ×Ü»á±»ÖØÐ½âÎö¡£
-
- 4.27)ĿǰÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¸´ÖÆ·½°¸¿ÉÓã¿
-
- ¡°¸´ÖÆ¡±Ö»ÊÇÒ»¸öÊõÓÓкü¸ÖÖ¸´ÖƼ¼Êõ¿ÉʹÓã¬Ã¿ÖÖ¶¼ÓÐÓŵãºÍȱµã£º
-
- Ö÷/´Ó¸´ÖÆ·½Ê½ÊÇÔÊÐíÒ»¸öÖ÷·þÎñÆ÷½ÓÊܶÁ/дµÄÉêÇ룬¶ø¶à¸ö´Ó·þÎñÆ÷Ö»ÄܽÓÊÜ
- ¶Á/SELECT²éѯµÄÉêÇ룬 Ŀǰ×îÁ÷ÐÐÇÒÊÇÃâ·ÑµÄÖ÷/´Ó PostgreSQL¸´ÖÆ·½°¸ÊÇ
- Slony-I ¡£
-
- ¶à¸öÖ÷·þÎñÆ÷µÄ¸´ÖÆ·½Ê½ÔÊÐí½«¶Á/дµÄÉêÇë·¢Ë͸ø¶ą̀µÄ¼ÆËã»ú£¬ÕâÖÖ·½Ê½ÓÉÓ
- ÚÐèÒªÔÚ¶ą̀·þÎñÆ÷Ö®¼äͬ²½Êý¾Ý±ä¶¯
- ¿ÉÄÜ»á´øÀ´½ÏÑÏÖØµÄÐÔÄÜËðʧ£¬PgclusterÊÇĿǰÕâÖÖ·½°¸
- ÖÐ×îºÃµÄ£¬¶øÇÒ»¹¿ÉÒÔÃâ·ÑÏÂÔØ¡£
-
- Ò²ÓÐһЩÉÌÒµÐ踶·ÑºÍ»ùÓÚÓ²¼þµÄÊý¾Ý¸´ÖÆ·½°¸£¬Ö§³ÖÉÏÊö¸÷ÖÖ¸´ÖÆÄ£ÐÍ¡£
+ 4.19) 为ä»ä¹æå¨ä½¿ç¨PL/PgSQL彿°åå临æ¶è¡¨æ¶ä¼æ¶å°é误信æ¯ârelation with
+ OID ##### does not existâï¼
+
+ PL/PgSQLä¼ç¼å彿°çèæ¬å容ï¼ç±æ¤å¸¦æ¥çä¸ä¸ªä¸å¥½çå¯ä½ç¨æ¯è¥ä¸ä¸ª
+ PL/PgSQL
+ 彿°è®¿é®äºä¸ä¸ªä¸´æ¶è¡¨ï¼ç¶å该表被å é¤å¹¶é建äºï¼å忬¡è°ç¨è¯¥å½æ°å
+ °å¤±è´¥ï¼ å 为ç¼åç彿°å容ä»ç¶æåæ§ç临æ¶è¡¨ãè§£å³çæ¹æ³æ¯å¨ PL/PgSQL
+ ä¸ç¨EXECUTE
+ 对临æ¶è¡¨è¿è¡è®¿é®ãè¿æ ·ä¼ä¿è¯æ¥è¯¢å¨æ§è¡åæ»ä¼è¢«éæ°è§£æã
+
+ 4.20) ç®åæåªäºæ°æ®å¤å¶æ¹æ¡å¯ç¨ï¼
+
+ âå¤å¶âåªæ¯ä¸ä¸ªæ¯è¯ï¼æå¥½å ç§å¤å¶ææ¯å¯ç¨ï¼æ¯ç§é½æä¼ç¹å缺ç¹ï¼
+
+ 主/ä»å¤å¶æ¹å¼æ¯å许ä¸ä¸ªä¸»æå¡å¨æ¥å读/åçç³è¯·ï¼èå¤ä¸ªä»æå¡å¨åªè½æ¥åè
+ ¯»/SELECTæ¥è¯¢çç³è¯·ï¼ ç®åææµè¡ä¸åè´¹ç主/ä»PostgreSQLå¤å¶æ¹æ¡æ¯
+ Slony-I ã
+
+ å¤ä¸ªä¸»æå¡å¨çå¤å¶æ¹å¼å许å°è¯»/åçç³è¯·åéç»å¤å°çè®¡ç®æºï¼è¿ç§æ¹å¼ç±äºé
+ è¦å¨å¤å°æå¡å¨ä¹é´åæ¥æ°æ®åå¨
+ å¯è½ä¼å¸¦æ¥è¾ä¸¥éçæ§è½æå¤±ï¼Pgclusteræ¯ç®åè¿ç§æ¹æ¡ 中
+ æå¥½çï¼èä¸è¿å¯ä»¥åè´¹ä¸è½½ã
+
+ 乿ä¸äºåä¸éä»è´¹ååºäºç¡¬ä»¶çæ°æ®å¤å¶æ¹æ¡ï¼æ¯æä¸è¿°åç§å¤å¶æ¨¡åã
+
+ 4.21) ä¸ºä½æ¥è¯¢ç»ææ¾ç¤ºç表åæååä¸æçæ¥è¯¢è¯å¥ä¸çä¸åï¼ä¸ºä½å¤§åç¶æä¸è½ä¿çï¼
+
+ æå¸¸è§çåå æ¯å¨å建表æ¶å¯¹è¡¨åææ¯åå使ç¨äºåå¼å·ââï¼å½ä½¿ç¨äºåå¼å·åï¼è¡
+ ¨åæååï¼ç§°ä¸ºæ è¯ç¬¦ï¼å卿¶æ¯åºå 大å°åçï¼
+ è¿æè°çä½ å¨æ¥è¯¢æ¶è¡¨åæååä¹åºä½¿ç¨åå¼å·ï¼ä¸äºå·¥å·è½¯ä»¶ï¼åpgAdminä¼å¨
+ ååºå建表çæä»¤æ¶èªå¨å°å¨æ¯ä¸ªæ è¯ç¬¦ä¸å åå¼å·ã å æ­
+ ¤ï¼ä¸ºäºæ è¯ç¬¦çç»ä¸ï¼ä½ åºè¯¥ï¼
+ * å¨å建表æ¶é¿åå°æ è¯ç¬¦ä½¿ç¨åå¼å·å¼èµ·æ¥ã
+ * 卿 è¯ç¬¦ä¸åªä½¿ç¨å°å忝ã
+ * ï¼ä¸ºäºä¸å·²åå¨çæ è¯ç¬¦ç¸åï¼å¨æ¥è¯¢ä¸ä½¿ç¨åå¼å·å°æ è¯ç¬¦å¼èµ·æ¥ã