| Commit message (Collapse) | Author | Age |
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Before version 9.4, we didn't require sprintf to support the %z length
modifier. Use %lu instead.
Reported by Peter Eisentraut. Apply to 9.3 and earlier.
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The page splitting code would go into infinite recursion if you try to
insert an index tuple that doesn't fit even on an empty page.
Per analysis and suggested fix by Andrew Gierth. Fixes bug #11555, reported
by Bryan Seitz (analysis happened over IRC). Backpatch to all supported
versions.
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This was not changed in HEAD, but will be done later as part of a
pgindent run. Future pgindent runs will also do this.
Report by Tom Lane
Backpatch through all supported branches, but not HEAD
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Don't reset the rightlink of a page when replaying a page update record.
This was a leftover from pre-hot standby days, when it was not possible to
have scans concurrent with WAL replay. Resetting the right-link was not
necessary back then either, but it was done for the sake of tidiness. But
with hot standby, it's wrong, because a concurrent scan might still need it.
Backpatch all versions with hot standby, 9.0 and above.
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Memory allocation can fail if you run out of memory, and inside a critical
section that will lead to a PANIC. Use conservatively-sized arrays in stack
instead.
There was previously no explicit limit on the number of pages a GiST split
can produce, it was only limited by the number of LWLocks that can be held
simultaneously (100 at the moment). This patch adds an explicit limit of 75
pages. That should be plenty, a typical split shouldn't produce more than
2-3 page halves.
The bug has been there forever, but only backpatch down to 9.1. The code
was changed significantly in 9.1, and it doesn't seem worth the risk or
trouble to adapt this for 9.0 and 8.4.
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After further reflection I was unconvinced that the existing coding is
guaranteed to return valid union datums in every code path for multi-column
indexes. Fix that by forcing a gistunionsubkey() call at the end of the
recursion. Having done that, we can remove some clearly-redundant calls
elsewhere. This should be a little faster for multi-column indexes (since
the previous coding would uselessly do such a call for each column while
unwinding the recursion), as well as much harder to break.
Also, simplify the handling of cases where one side or the other of a
primary split contains only don't-care tuples. The previous coding used a
very ugly hack in removeDontCares() that essentially forced one random
tuple to be treated as non-don't-care, providing a random initial choice of
seed datum for the secondary split. It seems unlikely that that method
will give better-than-random splits. Instead, treat such a split as
degenerate and just let the next column determine the split, the same way
that we handle fully degenerate cases where the two sides produce identical
union datums.
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This LOG message was put in over five years ago with the evident
expectation that we'd make all GiST opclasses support secondary split
directly. However, no such thing ever happened, and indeed the number of
opclasses supporting it decreased to zero in 9.2. The reason is that
improving on the default implementation isn't that easy --- the
opclass-specific code that did exist, before 9.2, doesn't appear to have
been any improvement over the default.
Hence, remove the message altogether. There's certainly no point in
nagging users about this in released branches, but I doubt that we'll
ever implement complete opclass-specific support anyway.
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Improve comments, rename some variables and functions, slightly simplify
a couple of APIs, in an attempt to make this code readable by people other
than its original author.
Even though this is essentially just cosmetic, back-patch to all active
branches, because otherwise it's going to make back-patching future fixes
in this file very painful.
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While there's considerable doubt that we want fuzzy behavior in the
geometric operators at all (let alone as currently implemented), nobody is
stepping forward to redesign that stuff. In the meantime it behooves us
to make sure that index searches agree with the behavior of the underlying
operators. This patch fixes two problems in this area.
First, gist_box_same was using fuzzy equality, but it really needs to use
exact equality to prevent not-quite-identical upper index keys from being
treated as identical, which for example would prevent an existing upper
key from being extended by an amount less than epsilon. This would result
in inconsistent indexes. (The next release notes will need to recommend
that users reindex GiST indexes on boxes, polygons, circles, and points,
since all four opclasses use gist_box_same.)
Second, gist_point_consistent used exact comparisons for upper-page
comparisons in ~= searches, when it needs to use fuzzy comparisons to
ensure it finds all matches; and it used fuzzy comparisons for point <@ box
searches, when it needs to use exact comparisons because that's what the
<@ operator (rather inconsistently) does.
The added regression test cases illustrate all three misbehaviors.
Back-patch to all active branches. (8.4 did not have GiST point_ops,
but it still seems prudent to apply the gist_box_same patch to it.)
Alexander Korotkov, reviewed by Noah Misch
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When considering a non-last column in a multi-column GiST index,
gistsplit.c tries to improve on the split chosen by the opclass-specific
pickSplit function by considering penalties for the next column. However,
there were two bugs in this code: it failed to recompute the union keys for
the leftmost index columns, even though these might well change after
reassigning tuples; and it included the old union keys in the recomputation
for the columns it did recompute, so that those keys couldn't get smaller
even if they should. The first problem could result in an invalid index
in which searches wouldn't find index entries that are in fact present;
the second would make the index less efficient to search.
Both of these errors were caused by misuse of gistMakeUnionItVec, whose
API was designed in a way that just begged such errors to be made. There
is no situation in which it's safe or useful to compute the union keys for
a subset of the index columns, and there is no caller that wants any
previous union keys to be included in the computation; so the undocumented
choice to treat the union keys as in/out rather than pure output parameters
is a waste of code as well as being dangerous.
Hence, rather than just making a minimal patch, I've changed the API of
gistMakeUnionItVec to remove the "startkey" parameter (it now always
processes all index columns) and treat the attr/isnull arrays as purely
output parameters.
In passing, also get rid of a couple of unnecessary and dangerous uses
of static variables in gistutil.c. It's remarkable that the one in
gistMakeUnionKey hasn't given us portability troubles before now, because
in addition to posing a re-entrancy hazard, it was unsafely assuming that
a static char[] array would have at least Datum alignment.
Per investigation of a trouble report from Tomas Vondra. (There are also
some bugs in contrib/btree_gist to be fixed, but that seems like material
for a separate patch.) Back-patch to all supported branches.
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Most of the replay functions for WAL record types that modify more than
one page failed to ensure that those pages were locked correctly to ensure
that concurrent queries could not see inconsistent page states. This is
a hangover from coding decisions made long before Hot Standby was added,
when it was hardly necessary to acquire buffer locks during WAL replay
at all, let alone hold them for carefully-chosen periods.
The key problem was that RestoreBkpBlocks was written to hold lock on each
page restored from a full-page image for only as long as it took to update
that page. This was guaranteed to break any WAL replay function in which
there was any update-ordering constraint between pages, because even if the
nominal order of the pages is the right one, any mixture of full-page and
non-full-page updates in the same record would result in out-of-order
updates. Moreover, it wouldn't work for situations where there's a
requirement to maintain lock on one page while updating another. Failure
to honor an update ordering constraint in this way is thought to be the
cause of bug #7648 from Daniel Farina: what seems to have happened there
is that a btree page being split was rewritten from a full-page image
before the new right sibling page was written, and because lock on the
original page was not maintained it was possible for hot standby queries to
try to traverse the page's right-link to the not-yet-existing sibling page.
To fix, get rid of RestoreBkpBlocks as such, and instead create a new
function RestoreBackupBlock that restores just one full-page image at a
time. This function can be invoked by WAL replay functions at the points
where they would otherwise perform non-full-page updates; in this way, the
physical order of page updates remains the same no matter which pages are
replaced by full-page images. We can then further adjust the logic in
individual replay functions if it is necessary to hold buffer locks
for overlapping periods. A side benefit is that we can simplify the
handling of concurrency conflict resolution by moving that code into the
record-type-specfic functions; there's no more need to contort the code
layout to keep conflict resolution in front of the RestoreBkpBlocks call.
In connection with that, standardize on zero-based numbering rather than
one-based numbering for referencing the full-page images. In HEAD, I
removed the macros XLR_BKP_BLOCK_1 through XLR_BKP_BLOCK_4. They are
still there in the header files in previous branches, but are no longer
used by the code.
In addition, fix some other bugs identified in the course of making these
changes:
spgRedoAddNode could fail to update the parent downlink at all, if the
parent tuple is in the same page as either the old or new split tuple and
we're not doing a full-page image: it would get fooled by the LSN having
been advanced already. This would result in permanent index corruption,
not just transient failure of concurrent queries.
Also, ginHeapTupleFastInsert's "merge lists" case failed to mark the old
tail page as a candidate for a full-page image; in the worst case this
could result in torn-page corruption.
heap_xlog_freeze() was inconsistent about using a cleanup lock or plain
exclusive lock: it did the former in the normal path but the latter for a
full-page image. A plain exclusive lock seems sufficient, so change to
that.
Also, remove gistRedoPageDeleteRecord(), which has been dead code since
VACUUM FULL was rewritten.
Back-patch to 9.0, where hot standby was introduced. Note however that 9.0
had a significantly different WAL-logging scheme for GIST index updates,
and it doesn't appear possible to make that scheme safe for concurrent hot
standby queries, because it can leave inconsistent states in the index even
between WAL records. Given the lack of complaints from the field, we won't
work too hard on fixing that branch.
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This back-ports commits c8ba697a4bdb934f0c51424c654e8db6133ea255 and
e5db11c5582b469c04a11f217a0f32c827da5dd7, which fix one definite and one
speculative bug in gistchoose, and make the code a lot more intelligible as
well. In 9.2 only, this also affects the largely-copied-and-pasted logic
in gistRelocateBuildBuffersOnSplit.
The impact of the bugs was that the functions might make poor decisions
as to which index tree branch to push a new entry down into, resulting in
GiST index bloat and poor performance. The fixes rectify these decisions
for future insertions, but a REINDEX would be needed to clean up any
existing index bloat.
Alexander Korotkov, Robert Haas, Tom Lane
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When inserting the downlinks for a split gist page, we used hold the locks
on the child pages until the insertion into the parent - and recursively its
parent if it had to be split too - were all completed. Change that so that
the locks on child pages are released after the insertion in the immediate
parent is done, before recursing further up the tree.
This reduces the number of lwlocks that are held simultaneously. Holding
many locks is bad for concurrency, and in extreme cases you can even hit
the limit of 100 simultaneously held lwlocks in a backend. If you're really
unlucky, you can hit the limit while in a critical section, which brings
down the whole system.
This fixes bug #6629 reported by Tom Forbes. Backpatch to 9.1. The page
splitting code was rewritten in 9.1, and the old code did not have this
problem.
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Throwing an error only after we've built the main index fork is pretty
unfriendly when the table already contains data. Per gripe from Jay
Levitt.
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This oversight led to a massive memory leak --- upwards of 10KB per tuple
--- during creation-time verification of an exclusion constraint based on a
GIST index. In most other scenarios it'd just be a leak of 10KB that would
be recovered at end of query, so not too significant; though perhaps the
leak would be noticeable in a situation where a GIST index was being used
in a nestloop inner indexscan. In any case, it's a real leak of long
standing, so patch all supported branches. Per report from Harald Fuchs.
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First, when following a right-link, we incorrectly marked the current page
as the parent of the right sibling. In reality, the parent of the right page
is the same as the parent of the current page (or some page to the right of
it, gistFindCorrectParent() will sort that out).
Secondly, when we follow a right-link, we must prepend, not append, the right
page to our list of pages to visit. That's because we assume that once we
hit a leaf page in the list, all the rest are leaf pages too, and give up.
To hit these bugs, you need concurrent actions and several unlucky accidents.
Another backend must split the root page, while you're in process of
splitting a lower-level page. Furthermore, while you scan the internal nodes
to re-find the parent, another backend needs to again split some more internal
pages. Even then, the bugs don't necessarily manifest as user-visible errors
or index corruption.
While we're at it, make the error reporting a bit better if gistFindPath()
fails to re-find the parent. It used to be an assertion, but an elog() seems
more appropriate.
Backpatch to all supported branches.
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Apparently sane-looking penalty code might return small negative values,
for example because of roundoff error. This will confuse places like
gistchoose(). Prevent problems by clamping negative penalty values to
zero. (Just to be really sure, I also made it force NaNs to zero.)
Back-patch to all supported branches.
Alexander Korotkov
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Experimentation with contrib/btree_gist shows that the majority of the GIST
support functions potentially need collation information. Safest policy
seems to be to pass it to all of them, instead of making assumptions about
which ones could possibly need it.
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Since collation is effectively an argument, not a property of the function,
FmgrInfo is really the wrong place for it; and this becomes critical in
cases where a cached FmgrInfo is used for varying purposes that might need
different collation settings. Fix by passing it in FunctionCallInfoData
instead. In particular this allows a clean fix for bug #5970 (record_cmp
not working). This requires touching a bit more code than the original
method, but nobody ever thought that collations would not be an invasive
patch...
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This warning is new in gcc 4.6 and part of -Wall. This patch cleans
up most of the noise, but there are some still warnings that are
trickier to remove.
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I found actual bugs in GiST and plpgsql; the rest of this is cosmetic
but meant to decrease the odds of future bugs of omission.
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This bug was exercised by contrib/intarray/bench, as noted by Tom Lane.
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The contents of an unlogged table are WAL-logged; thus, they are not
available on standby servers and are truncated whenever the database
system enters recovery. Indexes on unlogged tables are also unlogged.
Unlogged GiST indexes are not currently supported.
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cleanup stage to finish incomplete inserts or splits anymore. There was two
reasons for the cleanup step:
1. When a new tuple was inserted to a leaf page, the downlink in the parent
needed to be updated to contain (ie. to be consistent with) the new key.
Updating the parent in turn might require recursively updating the parent of
the parent. We now handle that by updating the parent while traversing down
the tree, so that when we insert the leaf tuple, all the parents are already
consistent with the new key, and the tree is consistent at every step.
2. When a page is split, we need to insert the downlink for the new right
page(s), and update the downlink for the original page to not include keys
that moved to the right page(s). We now handle that by setting a new flag,
F_FOLLOW_RIGHT, on the non-rightmost pages in the split. When that flag is
set, scans always follow the rightlink, regardless of the NSN mechanism used
to detect concurrent page splits. That way the tree is consistent right after
split, even though the downlink is still missing. This is very similar to the
way B-tree splits are handled. When the downlink is inserted in the parent,
the flag is cleared. To keep the insertion algorithm simple, when an
insertion sees an incomplete split, indicated by the F_FOLLOW_RIGHT flag, it
finishes the split before doing anything else.
These changes allow removing the whole "invalid tuple" mechanism, but I
retained the scan code to still follow invalid tuples correctly. While we
don't create any such tuples anymore, we want to handle them gracefully in
case you pg_upgrade a GiST index that has them. If we encounter any on an
insert, though, we just throw an error saying that you need to REINDEX.
The issue that got me into doing this is that if you did a checkpoint while
an insert or split was in progress, and the checkpoint finishes quickly so
that there is no WAL record related to the insert between RedoRecPtr and the
checkpoint record, recovery from that checkpoint would not know to finish
the incomplete insert. IOW, we have the same issue we solved with the
rm_safe_restartpoint mechanism during normal operation too. It's highly
unlikely to happen in practice, and this fix is far too large to backpatch,
so we're just going to live with in previous versions, but this refactoring
fixes it going forward.
With this patch, you don't get the annoying
'index "FOO" needs VACUUM or REINDEX to finish crash recovery' notices
anymore if you crash at an unfortunate moment.
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This commit replaces pg_class.relistemp with pg_class.relpersistence;
and also modifies the RangeVar node type to carry relpersistence rather
than istemp. It also removes removes rd_istemp from RelationData and
instead performs the correct computation based on relpersistence.
For clarity, we add three new macros: RelationNeedsWAL(),
RelationUsesLocalBuffers(), and RelationUsesTempNamespace(), so that we
can clarify the purpose of each check that previous depended on
rd_istemp.
This is intended as infrastructure for the upcoming unlogged tables
patch, as well as for future possible work on global temporary tables.
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1. Complain, rather than silently doing nothing, if an "invalid" tuple
is found on a leaf page. Per off-list discussion with Heikki.
2. Fix oversight in code that removes a GISTSearchItem from the search
queue: we have to reset lastHeap if this was the last heap item in the
parent GISTSearchTreeItem. Otherwise subsequent additions will do the
wrong thing. This was probably masked in early testing because in typical
cases the parent item would now be completely empty and would be deleted on
next call. You'd need a queued non-leaf page at exactly the same distance
as a heap tuple to expose the bug.
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On reflection it's a bad idea for the KNNGIST patch to have removed that.
We don't want it silently returning incorrect answers.
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This commit represents a rather heavily editorialized version of
Teodor's builtin_knngist_itself-0.8.2 and builtin_knngist_proc-0.8.1
patches. I redid the opclass API to add a separate Distance method
instead of turning the Consistent method into an illogical mess,
fixed some bit-rot in the rbtree interfaces, and generally worked over
the code style and comments.
There's still no non-code documentation to speak of, but I'll work on
that separately. Some contrib-module changes are also yet to come
(right now, point <-> point is the only KNN-ified operator).
Teodor Sigaev and Tom Lane
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This is a heavily revised version of builtin_knngist_core-0.9. The
ordering operators are no longer mixed in with actual quals, which would
have confused not only humans but significant parts of the planner.
Instead, ordering operators are carried separately throughout planning and
execution.
Since the API for ambeginscan and amrescan functions had to be changed
anyway, this commit takes the opportunity to rationalize that a bit.
RelationGetIndexScan no longer forces a premature index_rescan call;
instead, callers of index_beginscan must call index_rescan too. Aside from
making the AM-side initialization logic a bit less peculiar, this has the
advantage that we do not make a useless extra am_rescan call when there are
runtime key values. AMs formerly could not assume that the key values
passed to amrescan were actually valid; now they can.
Teodor Sigaev and Tom Lane
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temporary indexes are not WAL-logged. We used a constant LSN for temporary
indexes, on the assumption that we don't need to worry about concurrent page
splits in temporary indexes because they're only visible to the current
session. But that assumption is wrong, it's possible to insert rows and
split pages in the same session, while a scan is in progress. For example,
by opening a cursor and fetching some rows, and INSERTing new rows before
fetching some more.
Fix by generating fake increasing LSNs, used in place of real LSNs in
temporary GiST indexes.
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Itagaki Takahiro, with slight modifications.
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VACUUM FULL INPLACE), along with a boatload of subsidiary code and complexity.
Per discussion, the use case for this method of vacuuming is no longer large
enough to justify maintaining it; not to mention that we don't wish to invest
the work that would be needed to make it play nicely with Hot Standby.
Aside from the code directly related to old-style VACUUM FULL, this commit
removes support for certain WAL record types that could only be generated
within VACUUM FULL, redirect-pointer removal in heap_page_prune, and
nontransactional generation of cache invalidation sinval messages (the last
being the sticking point for Hot Standby).
We still have to retain all code that copes with finding HEAP_MOVED_OFF and
HEAP_MOVED_IN flag bits on existing tuples. This can't be removed as long
as we want to support in-place update from pre-9.0 databases.
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to be just a minor extension of the previous patch that made "x IS NULL"
indexable, because we can treat the IS NOT NULL condition as if it were
"x < NULL" or "x > NULL" (depending on the index's NULLS FIRST/LAST option),
just like IS NULL is treated like "x = NULL". Aside from any possible
usefulness in its own right, this is an important improvement for
index-optimized MAX/MIN aggregates: it is now reliably possible to get
a column's min or max value cheaply, even when there are a lot of nulls
cluttering the interesting end of the index.
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index page split. This would result in index corruption, or even more likely
an error during WAL replay, if we were unlucky enough to crash during
end-of-recovery cleanup after having completed an incomplete GIST insertion.
Yoichi Hirai
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Enabled by recovery_connections = on (default) and forcing archive recovery using a recovery.conf. Recovery processing now emulates the original transactions as they are replayed, providing full locking and MVCC behaviour for read only queries. Recovery must enter consistent state before connections are allowed, so there is a delay, typically short, before connections succeed. Replay of recovering transactions can conflict and in some cases deadlock with queries during recovery; these result in query cancellation after max_standby_delay seconds have expired. Infrastructure changes have minor effects on normal running, though introduce four new types of WAL record.
New test mode "make standbycheck" allows regression tests of static command behaviour on a standby server while in recovery. Typical and extreme dynamic behaviours have been checked via code inspection and manual testing. Few port specific behaviours have been utilised, though primary testing has been on Linux only so far.
This commit is the basic patch. Additional changes will follow in this release to enhance some aspects of behaviour, notably improved handling of conflicts, deadlock detection and query cancellation. Changes to VACUUM FULL are also required.
Simon Riggs, with significant and lengthy review by Heikki Linnakangas, including streamlined redesign of snapshot creation and two-phase commit.
Important contributions from Florian Pflug, Mark Kirkwood, Merlin Moncure, Greg Stark, Gianni Ciolli, Gabriele Bartolini, Hannu Krosing, Robert Haas, Tatsuo Ishii, Hiroyuki Yamada plus support and feedback from many other community members.
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friends). This code has all been ifdef'd out for many years, and doesn't
seem to have any prospect of becoming any more useful in the future.
EXPLAIN ANALYZE is what people use in practice, and I think if we did want
process-wide counters we'd be more likely to put in dtrace events for that
than try to resurrect this code. Get rid of it so as to have one less detail
to worry about while refactoring execMain.c.
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only for secondary page split (i.e. for non-first columns of index)
Patch by Paul Ramsey <pramsey@opengeo.org>
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