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* Enhance nbtree index tuple deletion.Peter Geoghegan2021-01-13
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Teach nbtree and heapam to cooperate in order to eagerly remove duplicate tuples representing dead MVCC versions. This is "bottom-up deletion". Each bottom-up deletion pass is triggered lazily in response to a flood of versions on an nbtree leaf page. This usually involves a "logically unchanged index" hint (these are produced by the executor mechanism added by commit 9dc718bd). The immediate goal of bottom-up index deletion is to avoid "unnecessary" page splits caused entirely by version duplicates. It naturally has an even more useful effect, though: it acts as a backstop against accumulating an excessive number of index tuple versions for any given _logical row_. Bottom-up index deletion complements what we might now call "top-down index deletion": index vacuuming performed by VACUUM. Bottom-up index deletion responds to the immediate local needs of queries, while leaving it up to autovacuum to perform infrequent clean sweeps of the index. The overall effect is to avoid certain pathological performance issues related to "version churn" from UPDATEs. The previous tableam interface used by index AMs to perform tuple deletion (the table_compute_xid_horizon_for_tuples() function) has been replaced with a new interface that supports certain new requirements. Many (perhaps all) of the capabilities added to nbtree by this commit could also be extended to other index AMs. That is left as work for a later commit. Extend deletion of LP_DEAD-marked index tuples in nbtree by adding logic to consider extra index tuples (that are not LP_DEAD-marked) for deletion in passing. This increases the number of index tuples deleted significantly in many cases. The LP_DEAD deletion process (which is now called "simple deletion" to clearly distinguish it from bottom-up deletion) won't usually need to visit any extra table blocks to check these extra tuples. We have to visit the same table blocks anyway to generate a latestRemovedXid value (at least in the common case where the index deletion operation's WAL record needs such a value). Testing has shown that the "extra tuples" simple deletion enhancement increases the number of index tuples deleted with almost any workload that has LP_DEAD bits set in leaf pages. That is, it almost never fails to delete at least a few extra index tuples. It helps most of all in cases that happen to naturally have a lot of delete-safe tuples. It's not uncommon for an individual deletion operation to end up deleting an order of magnitude more index tuples compared to the old naive approach (e.g., custom instrumentation of the patch shows that this happens fairly often when the regression tests are run). Add a further enhancement that augments simple deletion and bottom-up deletion in indexes that make use of deduplication: Teach nbtree's _bt_delitems_delete() function to support granular TID deletion in posting list tuples. It is now possible to delete individual TIDs from posting list tuples provided the TIDs have a tableam block number of a table block that gets visited as part of the deletion process (visiting the table block can be triggered directly or indirectly). Setting the LP_DEAD bit of a posting list tuple is still an all-or-nothing thing, but that matters much less now that deletion only needs to start out with the right _general_ idea about which index tuples are deletable. Bump XLOG_PAGE_MAGIC because xl_btree_delete changed. No bump in BTREE_VERSION, since there are no changes to the on-disk representation of nbtree indexes. Indexes built on PostgreSQL 12 or PostgreSQL 13 will automatically benefit from bottom-up index deletion (i.e. no reindexing required) following a pg_upgrade. The enhancement to simple deletion is available with all B-Tree indexes following a pg_upgrade, no matter what PostgreSQL version the user upgrades from. Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie> Reviewed-By: Heikki Linnakangas <hlinnaka@iki.fi> Reviewed-By: Victor Yegorov <vyegorov@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-Wzm+maE3apHB8NOtmM=p-DO65j2V5GzAWCOEEuy3JZgb2g@mail.gmail.com
* Pass down "logically unchanged index" hint.Peter Geoghegan2021-01-13
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Add an executor aminsert() hint mechanism that informs index AMs that the incoming index tuple (the tuple that accompanies the hint) is not being inserted by execution of an SQL statement that logically modifies any of the index's key columns. The hint is received by indexes when an UPDATE takes place that does not apply an optimization like heapam's HOT (though only for indexes where all key columns are logically unchanged). Any index tuple that receives the hint on insert is expected to be a duplicate of at least one existing older version that is needed for the same logical row. Related versions will typically be stored on the same index page, at least within index AMs that apply the hint. Recognizing the difference between MVCC version churn duplicates and true logical row duplicates at the index AM level can help with cleanup of garbage index tuples. Cleanup can intelligently target tuples that are likely to be garbage, without wasting too many cycles on less promising tuples/pages (index pages with little or no version churn). This is infrastructure for an upcoming commit that will teach nbtree to perform bottom-up index deletion. No index AM actually applies the hint just yet. Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie> Reviewed-By: Victor Yegorov <vyegorov@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-Wz=CEKFa74EScx_hFVshCOn6AA5T-ajFASTdzipdkLTNQQ@mail.gmail.com
* Fix thinko in commentAlvaro Herrera2021-01-12
| | | | | | | | This comment has been wrong since its introduction in commit 2c03216d8311. Author: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAD21AoAzz6qipFJBbGEaHmyWxvvNDp8httbwLR9tUQWaTjUs2Q@mail.gmail.com
* Use vectored I/O to fill new WAL segments.Thomas Munro2021-01-11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Instead of making many block-sized write() calls to fill a new WAL file with zeroes, make a smaller number of pwritev() calls (or various emulations). The actual number depends on the OS's IOV_MAX, which PG_IOV_MAX currently caps at 32. That means we'll write 256kB per call on typical systems. We may want to tune the number later with more experience. Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKGJA%2Bu-220VONeoREBXJ9P3S94Y7J%2BkqCnTYmahvZJwM%3Dg%40mail.gmail.com
* Standardize one aspect of rmgr desc output.Peter Geoghegan2021-01-04
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Bring heap and hash rmgr desc output in line with nbtree and GiST desc output by using the name latestRemovedXid for all fields that output the contents of the latestRemovedXid field from the WAL record's C struct (stop using local variants). This seems like a clear improvement because latestRemovedXid is a symbol name that already appears across many different source files, and so is probably much more recognizable. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-Wzkt_Rs4VqPSCk87nyjPAAEmWL8STU9zgET_83EF5YfrLw@mail.gmail.com
* Replace remaining uses of "whitelist".Thomas Munro2021-01-05
| | | | | | | | Instead describe the action that the list effects, or just use "list" where the meaning is obvious from context. Author: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker <ilmari@ilmari.org> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20200615182235.x7lch5n6kcjq4aue%40alap3.anarazel.de
* Rename "enum blacklist" to "uncommitted enums".Thomas Munro2021-01-05
| | | | | | We agreed to remove this terminology and use something more descriptive. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20200615182235.x7lch5n6kcjq4aue%40alap3.anarazel.de
* Fix integer-overflow corner cases in substring() functions.Tom Lane2021-01-04
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | If the substring start index and length overflow when added together, substring() misbehaved, either throwing a bogus "negative substring length" error on a case that should succeed, or failing to complain that a negative length is negative (and instead returning the whole string, in most cases). Unsurprisingly, the text, bytea, and bit variants of the function all had this issue. Rearrange the logic to ensure that negative lengths are always rejected, and add an overflow check to handle the other case. Also install similar guards into detoast_attr_slice() (nee heap_tuple_untoast_attr_slice()), since it's far from clear that no other code paths leading to that function could pass it values that would overflow. Patch by myself and Pavel Stehule, per bug #16804 from Rafi Shamim. Back-patch to v11. While these bugs are old, the common/int.h infrastructure for overflow-detecting arithmetic didn't exist before commit 4d6ad3125, and it doesn't seem like these misbehaviors are bad enough to justify developing a standalone fix for the older branches. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/16804-f4eeeb6c11ba71d4@postgresql.org
* Update copyright for 2021Bruce Momjian2021-01-02
| | | | Backpatch-through: 9.5
* Get heap page max offset with buffer lock held.Peter Geoghegan2020-12-30
| | | | | | | | | | On further reflection it seems better to call PageGetMaxOffsetNumber() after acquiring a buffer lock on the page. This shouldn't really matter, but doing it this way is cleaner. Follow-up to commit 42288174. Backpatch: 12-, just like commit 42288174
* Fix index deletion latestRemovedXid bug.Peter Geoghegan2020-12-30
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The logic for determining the latest removed XID for the purposes of generating recovery conflicts in REDO routines was subtly broken. It failed to follow links from HOT chains, and so failed to consider all relevant heap tuple headers in some cases. To fix, expand the loop that deals with LP_REDIRECT line pointers to also deal with HOT chains. The new version of the loop is loosely based on a similar loop from heap_prune_chain(). The impact of this bug is probably quite limited, since the horizon code necessarily deals with heap tuples that are pointed to by LP_DEAD-set index tuples. The process of setting LP_DEAD index tuples (e.g. within the kill_prior_tuple mechanism) is highly correlated with opportunistic pruning of pointed-to heap tuples. Plus the question of generating a recovery conflict usually comes up some time after index tuple LP_DEAD bits were initially set, unlike heap pruning, where a latestRemovedXid is generated at the point of the pruning operation (heap pruning has no deferred "would-be page split" style processing that produces conflicts lazily). Only backpatch to Postgres 12, the first version where this logic runs during original execution (following commit 558a9165e08). The index latestRemovedXid mechanism has had the same bug since it first appeared over 10 years ago (in commit a760893d), but backpatching to all supported versions now seems like a bad idea on balance. Running the new improved code during recovery seems risky, especially given the lack of complaints from the field. Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-Wz=Eib393+HHcERK_9MtgNS7Ew1HY=RDC_g6GL46zM5C6Q@mail.gmail.com Backpatch: 12-
* Revert "Add key management system" (978f869b99) & later commitsBruce Momjian2020-12-27
| | | | | | | | | | The patch needs test cases, reorganization, and cfbot testing. Technically reverts commits 5c31afc49d..e35b2bad1a (exclusive/inclusive) and 08db7c63f3..ccbe34139b. Reported-by: Tom Lane, Michael Paquier Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/E1ktAAG-0002V2-VB@gemulon.postgresql.org
* Add key management systemBruce Momjian2020-12-25
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This adds a key management system that stores (currently) two data encryption keys of length 128, 192, or 256 bits. The data keys are AES256 encrypted using a key encryption key, and validated via GCM cipher mode. A command to obtain the key encryption key must be specified at initdb time, and will be run at every database server start. New parameters allow a file descriptor open to the terminal to be passed. pg_upgrade support has also been added. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA+fd4k7q5o6Nc_AaX6BcYM9yqTbC6_pnH-6nSD=54Zp6NBQTCQ@mail.gmail.com Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20201202213814.GG20285@momjian.us Author: Masahiko Sawada, me, Stephen Frost
* Fix typos and grammar in docs and commentsMichael Paquier2020-12-24
| | | | | | | | This fixes several areas of the documentation and some comments in matters of style, grammar, or even format. Author: Justin Pryzby Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20201222041153.GK30237@telsasoft.com
* Revert "Get rid of the dedicated latch for signaling the startup process".Fujii Masao2020-12-17
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Revert ac22929a26, as well as the followup fix 113d3591b8. Because it broke the assumption that the startup process waiting for the recovery conflict on buffer pin should be waken up only by buffer unpin or the timeout enabled in ResolveRecoveryConflictWithBufferPin(). It caused, for example, SIGHUP signal handler or walreceiver process to wake that startup process up unnecessarily frequently. Additionally, add the comments about why that dedicated latch that the reverted patch tried to get rid of should not be removed. Thanks to Kyotaro Horiguchi for the discussion. Author: Fujii Masao Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/d8c0c608-021b-3c73-fffd-3240829ee986@oss.nttdata.com
* Remove obsolete btrescan() comment.Peter Geoghegan2020-12-15
| | | | | | | | | "Ordering stuff" refered to a _bt_first() call to _bt_orderkeys(). However, the _bt_orderkeys() function was renamed to _bt_preprocess_keys() by commit fa5c8a055a0. _bt_preprocess_keys() is directly referenced just after the removed comment already, which seems sufficient.
* Improve hash_create()'s API for some added robustness.Tom Lane2020-12-15
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Invent a new flag bit HASH_STRINGS to specify C-string hashing, which was formerly the default; and add assertions insisting that exactly one of the bits HASH_STRINGS, HASH_BLOBS, and HASH_FUNCTION be set. This is in hopes of preventing recurrences of the type of oversight fixed in commit a1b8aa1e4 (i.e., mistakenly omitting HASH_BLOBS). Also, when HASH_STRINGS is specified, insist that the keysize be more than 8 bytes. This is a heuristic, but it should catch accidental use of HASH_STRINGS for integer or pointer keys. (Nearly all existing use-cases set the keysize to NAMEDATALEN or more, so there's little reason to think this restriction should be problematic.) Tweak hash_create() to insist that the HASH_ELEM flag be set, and remove the defaults it had for keysize and entrysize. Since those defaults were undocumented and basically useless, no callers omitted HASH_ELEM anyway. Also, remove memset's zeroing the HASHCTL parameter struct from those callers that had one. This has never been really necessary, and while it wasn't a bad coding convention it was confusing that some callers did it and some did not. We might as well save a few cycles by standardizing on "not". Also improve the documentation for hash_create(). In passing, improve reinit.c's usage of a hash table by storing the key as a binary Oid rather than a string; and, since that's a temporary hash table, allocate it in CurrentMemoryContext for neatness. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/590625.1607878171@sss.pgh.pa.us
* Add some checkpoint/restartpoint status to ps displayMichael Paquier2020-12-14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This is done for end-of-recovery and shutdown checkpoints/restartpoints (end-of-recovery restartpoints don't exist) rather than all types of checkpoints, in cases where it may not be possible to rely on pg_stat_activity to get a status from the startup or checkpointer processes. For example, at the end of a crash recovery, this is useful to know if a checkpoint is running in the startup process, while previously the ps display may only show some information about "recovering" something, that can be confusing while a checkpoint runs. Author: Justin Pryzby Reviewed-by: Nathan Bossart, Kirk Jamison, Fujii Masao, Michael Paquier Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20200818225238.GP17022@telsasoft.com
* Avoid using tuple from syscache for update of pg_database.datfrozenxidMichael Paquier2020-12-08
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | pg_database.datfrozenxid gets updated using an in-place update at the end of vacuum or autovacuum. Since 96cdeae, as pg_database has a toast relation, it is possible for a pg_database tuple to have toast values if there is a large set of ACLs in place. In such a case, the in-place update would fail because of the flattening of the toast values done for the catcache entry fetched. Instead of using a copy from the catcache, this changes the logic to fetch the copy of the tuple by directly scanning pg_database. Per the lack of complaints on the matter, no backpatch is done. Note that before 96cdeae, attempting to insert such a tuple to pg_database would cause a "row is too big" error, so the end-of-vacuum problem was not reachable. Author: Ashwin Agrawal, Junfeng Yang Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/DM5PR0501MB38800D9E4605BCA72DD35557CCE10@DM5PR0501MB3880.namprd05.prod.outlook.com
* Convert elog(LOG) calls to ereport() where appropriatePeter Eisentraut2020-12-04
| | | | | | | | | | | User-visible log messages should go through ereport(), so they are subject to translation. Many remaining elog(LOG) calls are really debugging calls. Reviewed-by: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org> Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz> Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/92d6f545-5102-65d8-3c87-489f71ea0a37%40enterprisedb.com
* Fix CLUSTER progress reporting of number of blocks scanned.Fujii Masao2020-11-27
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Previously pg_stat_progress_cluster view reported the current block number in heap scan as the number of heap blocks scanned (i.e., heap_blks_scanned). This reported number could be incorrect when synchronize_seqscans is enabled, because it allowed the heap scan to start at block in middle. This could result in wraparounds in the heap_blks_scanned column when the heap scan wrapped around. This commit fixes the bug by calculating the number of blocks from the block that the heap scan starts at to the current block in scan, and reporting that number in the heap_blks_scanned column. Also, in pg_stat_progress_cluster view, previously heap_blks_scanned could not reach heap_blks_total at the end of heap scan phase if the last pages scanned were empty. This commit fixes the bug by manually updating heap_blks_scanned to the same value as heap_blks_total when the heap scan phase finishes. Back-patch to v12 where pg_stat_progress_cluster view was introduced. Reported-by: Matthias van de Meent Author: Matthias van de Meent Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEze2WjCBWSGkVfYag001Rc4+-nNLDpWM7QbyD6yPvuhKs-gYQ@mail.gmail.com
* Centralize logic for skipping useless ereport/elog calls.Tom Lane2020-11-23
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | While ereport() and elog() themselves are quite cheap when the error message level is too low to be printed, some places need to do substantial work before they can call those macros at all. To allow optimizing away such setup work when nothing is to be printed, make elog.c export a new function message_level_is_interesting(elevel) that reports whether ereport/elog will do anything. Make use of that in various places that had ad-hoc direct tests of log_min_messages etc. Also teach ProcSleep to use it to avoid some work. (There may well be other places that could usefully use this; I didn't search hard.) Within elog.c, refactor a little bit to avoid having duplicate copies of the policy-setting logic. When that code was written, we weren't relying on the availability of inline functions; so it had some duplications in the name of efficiency, which I got rid of. Alvaro Herrera and Tom Lane Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/129515.1606166429@sss.pgh.pa.us
* Rename the "point is strictly above/below point" comparison operators.Tom Lane2020-11-23
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Historically these were called >^ and <^, but that is inconsistent with the similar box, polygon, and circle operators, which are named |>> and <<| respectively. Worse, the >^ and <^ names are used for *not* strict above/below tests for the box type. Hence, invent new operators following the more common naming. The old operators remain available for now, and are still accepted by the relevant index opclasses too. But there's a deprecation notice, so maybe we can get rid of them someday. Emre Hasegeli, reviewed by Pavel Borisov Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/24348.1587444160@sss.pgh.pa.us
* Replace a macro by a functionPeter Eisentraut2020-11-20
| | | | | | Using a macro is ugly and not justified here. Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/4ad69a4c-cc9b-0dfe-0352-8b1b0cd36c7b@2ndquadrant.com
* Emit log when restore_command succeeds but archived file faills to be restored.Fujii Masao2020-11-20
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Previously, when restore_command claimed to succeed but failed to restore the file with the right name, for example, due to mis-configuration of restore_command, no log message was reported. Then the recovery failed later with an error message not directly related to the issue. This commit changes the recovery so that a log message is emitted in this error case. This would enable us to investigate what happened in this case more easily. Author: Jeff Janes, Fujii Masao Reviewed-by: Pavel Borisov, Kyotaro Horiguchi Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAMkU=1xkFs3Omp4JR4wMYWdam_KLuj6LXnTYfU8u3T0h=PLLMQ@mail.gmail.com
* Deprecate nbtree's BTP_HAS_GARBAGE flag.Peter Geoghegan2020-11-17
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Streamline handling of the various strategies that we have to avoid a page split in nbtinsert.c. When it looks like a leaf page is about to overflow, we now perform deleting LP_DEAD items and deduplication in one central place. This greatly simplifies _bt_findinsertloc(). This has an independently useful consequence: nbtree no longer relies on the BTP_HAS_GARBAGE page level flag/hint for anything important. We still set and unset the flag in the same way as before, but it's no longer treated as a gating condition when considering if we should check for already-set LP_DEAD bits. This happens at the point where the page looks like it might have to be split anyway, so simply checking the LP_DEAD bits in passing is practically free. This avoids missing LP_DEAD bits just because the page-level hint is unset, which is probably reasonably common (e.g. it happens when VACUUM unsets the page-level flag without actually removing index tuples whose LP_DEAD-bit was set recently, after the VACUUM operation began but before it reached the leaf page in question). Note that this isn't a big behavioral change compared to PostgreSQL 13. We were already checking for set LP_DEAD bits regardless of whether the BTP_HAS_GARBAGE page level flag was set before we considered doing a deduplication pass. This commit only goes slightly further by doing the same check for all indexes, even indexes where deduplication won't be performed. We don't completely remove the BTP_HAS_GARBAGE flag. We still rely on it as a gating condition with pg_upgrade'd indexes from before B-tree version 4/PostgreSQL 12. That makes sense because we sometimes have to make a choice among pages full of duplicates when inserting a tuple with pre version 4 indexes. It probably still pays to avoid accessing the line pointer array of a page there, since it won't yet be clear whether we'll insert on to the page in question at all, let alone split it as a result. Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie> Reviewed-By: Victor Yegorov <vyegorov@gmail.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-Wz%3DYpc1PDdk8OVJDChGJBjT06%3DA0Mbv9HyTLCsOknGcUFg%40mail.gmail.com
* nbtree: Rename nbtinsert.c variables for consistency.Peter Geoghegan2020-11-17
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Stop naming special area/opaque pointer variables 'lpageop' in contexts where it doesn't make sense. This is a holdover from a time when logic that performs tasks that are now spread across _bt_insertonpg(), _bt_findinsertloc(), and _bt_split() was more centralized. 'lpageop' denotes "left page", which doesn't make sense outside of contexts in which there isn't also a right page. Also acquire page flag variables up front within _bt_insertonpg(). This makes it closer to _bt_split() following refactoring commit bc3087b626d. This allows the page split and retail insert paths to both make use of the same variables.
* Rename PGPROC->vacuumFlags to statusFlagsAlvaro Herrera2020-11-16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With more flags associated to a PGPROC entry that are not related to vacuum (currently existing or planned), the name "statusFlags" describes its purpose better. (The same is done to the mirroring PROC_HDR->vacuumFlags.) No functional changes in this commit. This was suggested first by Hari Babu Kommi in [1] and then by Michael Paquier at [2]. [1] https://postgr.es/m/CAJrrPGcsDC-oy1AhqH0JkXYa0Z2AgbuXzHPpByLoBGMxfOZMEQ@mail.gmail.com [2] https://postgr.es/m/20200820060929.GB3730@paquier.xyz Author: Dmitry Dolgov <9erthalion6@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20201116182446.qcg3o6szo2zookyr@localhost
* Remove unused and deprecated strategy numbers from BRIN codePeter Eisentraut2020-11-16
| | | | | | These were dead code. Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/20201027032511.GF9241@telsasoft.com
* Remove code handling removed deprecated containment operatorsPeter Eisentraut2020-11-16
| | | | | | | This removes the code that was there for handling the operators removed by 2f70fdb0644c32c4154236c2b5c241bec92eac5e. Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/20201027032511.GF9241@telsasoft.com
* Make the standby server promptly handle interrupt signals.Fujii Masao2020-11-16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This commit changes the startup process in the standby server so that it handles the interrupt signals after waiting for wal_retrieve_retry_interval on the latch and resetting it, before entering another wait on the latch. This change causes the standby server to promptly handle interrupt signals. Otherwise, previously, there was the case where the standby needs to wait extra five seconds to shutdown when the shutdown request arrived while the startup process was waiting for wal_retrieve_retry_interval on the latch. Author: Fujii Masao, but implementation idea is from Soumyadeep Chakraborty Reviewed-by: Soumyadeep Chakraborty Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/9d7e6ab0-8a53-ddb9-63cd-289bcb25fe0e@oss.nttdata.com
* nbtree: Demote incomplete split "can't happen" error.Peter Geoghegan2020-11-15
| | | | | | | | | Only a basic logic bug in a _bt_insertonpg() caller could lead to a violation of this invariant (index corruption won't do it). A "can't happen" error seems inappropriate (it is arbitrary at best). Demote the error to a simple assertion. This matches similar nearby sanity checks.
* Remove duplicate code in brin_memtuple_initializeTomas Vondra2020-11-11
| | | | | | | | | | Commit 8bf74967dab moved some of the code from brin_new_memtuple to brin_memtuple_initialize, but this resulted in some of the code being duplicate. Fix by removing the duplicate lines and backpatch to 10. Author: Tomas Vondra Backpatch-through: 10 Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/5eb50c97-9a8e-b691-8c40-1b2a55611c4c%40enterprisedb.com
* Fix and simplify some usages of TimestampDifference().Tom Lane2020-11-10
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Introduce TimestampDifferenceMilliseconds() to simplify callers that would rather have the difference in milliseconds, instead of the select()-oriented seconds-and-microseconds format. This gets rid of at least one integer division per call, and it eliminates some apparently-easy-to-mess-up arithmetic. Two of these call sites were in fact wrong: * pg_prewarm's autoprewarm_main() forgot to multiply the seconds by 1000, thus ending up with a delay 1000X shorter than intended. That doesn't quite make it a busy-wait, but close. * postgres_fdw's pgfdw_get_cleanup_result() thought it needed to compute microseconds not milliseconds, thus ending up with a delay 1000X longer than intended. Somebody along the way had noticed this problem but misdiagnosed the cause, and imposed an ad-hoc 60-second limit rather than fixing the units. This was relatively harmless in context, because we don't care that much about exactly how long this delay is; still, it's wrong. There are a few more callers of TimestampDifference() that don't have a direct need for seconds-and-microseconds, but can't use TimestampDifferenceMilliseconds() either because they do need microsecond precision or because they might possibly deal with intervals long enough to overflow 32-bit milliseconds. It might be worth inventing another API to improve that, but that seems outside the scope of this patch; so those callers are untouched here. Given the fact that we are fixing some bugs, and the likelihood that future patches might want to back-patch code that uses this new API, back-patch to all supported branches. Alexey Kondratov and Tom Lane Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3b1c053a21c07c1ed5e00be3b2b855ef@postgrespro.ru
* Remove ineffective heapam CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS().Peter Geoghegan2020-11-09
| | | | | | | | | | | | Remove a CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS() call that could never actually handle an interrupt. We always have a heap page buffer lock at this point. Having a useless CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS() call is harmless but misleading. It is probably possible to work around the immediate problem by moving the CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS() to before the heap page buffer lock is acquired. That isn't enough to make the function responsive to interrupts, though. The index AM caller will still hold an exclusive buffer lock of its own.
* In security-restricted operations, block enqueue of at-commit user code.Noah Misch2020-11-09
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Specifically, this blocks DECLARE ... WITH HOLD and firing of deferred triggers within index expressions and materialized view queries. An attacker having permission to create non-temp objects in at least one schema could execute arbitrary SQL functions under the identity of the bootstrap superuser. One can work around the vulnerability by disabling autovacuum and not manually running ANALYZE, CLUSTER, REINDEX, CREATE INDEX, VACUUM FULL, or REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW. (Don't restore from pg_dump, since it runs some of those commands.) Plain VACUUM (without FULL) is safe, and all commands are fine when a trusted user owns the target object. Performance may degrade quickly under this workaround, however. Back-patch to 9.5 (all supported versions). Reviewed by Robert Haas. Reported by Etienne Stalmans. Security: CVE-2020-25695
* Improve nbtree README's LP_DEAD section.Peter Geoghegan2020-11-07
| | | | | | | | | | The description of how LP_DEAD bit setting by index scans works following commit 2ed5b87f was rather unclear. Clean that up a bit. Also refer to LP_DEAD bit setting within _bt_check_unique() at the start of the same section. This mechanism may actually be more important than the generic kill_prior_tuple mechanism that the section focuses on, so it at least deserves to be mentioned in passing.
* Message style improvementsAlvaro Herrera2020-11-07
| | | | | | | | | | | | | * Avoid pointlessly highlighting that an index vacuum was executed by a parallel worker; user doesn't care. * Don't give the impression that a non-concurrent reindex of an invalid index on a TOAST table would work, because it wouldn't. * Add a "translator:" comment for a mysterious message. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20201107034943.GA16596@alvherre.pgsql Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
* Properly detoast data in brin_form_tupleTomas Vondra2020-11-07
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | brin_form_tuple failed to consider the values may be toasted, inserting the toast pointer into the index. This may easily result in index corruption, as the toast data may be deleted and cleaned up by vacuum. The cleanup however does not care about indexes, leaving invalid toast pointers behind, which triggers errors like this: ERROR: missing chunk number 0 for toast value 16433 in pg_toast_16426 A less severe consequence are inconsistent failures due to the index row being too large, depending on whether brin_form_tuple operated on plain or toasted version of the row. For example CREATE TABLE t (val TEXT); INSERT INTO t VALUES ('... long value ...') CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING brin (val); would likely succeed, as the row would likely include toast pointer. Switching the order of INSERT and CREATE INDEX would likely fail: ERROR: index row size 8712 exceeds maximum 8152 for index "idx" because this happens before the row values are toasted. The bug exists since PostgreSQL 9.5 where BRIN indexes were introduced. So backpatch all the way back. Author: Tomas Vondra Reviewed-by: Alvaro Herrera Backpatch-through: 9.5 Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20201001184133.oq5uq75sb45pu3aw@development Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20201104010544.zexj52mlldagzowv%40development
* Fix wal_consistency_checking nbtree bug.Peter Geoghegan2020-11-05
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | wal_consistency_checking indicated an inconsistency in certain cases involving nbtree page deletion. The underlying issue is that there was a minor difference between the page image produced after a REDO routine ran and the corresponding page image following original execution. This harmless inconsistency has been around forever. We more or less expect total consistency among even deleted nbtree pages these days, though, so this won't do anymore. To fix, tweak the REDO routine to match original execution. Oversight in commit f47b5e13.
* Fix nbtree cleanup-only VACUUM stats inaccuracies.Peter Geoghegan2020-11-04
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Logic for counting heap TIDs from posting list tuples (added by commit 0d861bbb) was faulty. It didn't count any TIDs/index tuples in the event of no callback being set. This meant that we incorrectly counted no index tuples in clean-up only VACUUMs, which could lead to pg_class.reltuples being spuriously set to 0 in affected indexes. To fix, go back to counting items from the page in cases where there is no callback. This approach isn't very accurate, but it works well enough in practice while avoiding the expense of accessing every index tuple during cleanup-only VACUUMs. Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie> Reported-By: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com> https://postgr.es/m/20201023174451.69e358f1@firost Backpatch: 13-, where nbtree deduplication was introduced
* Fix unlinking of SLRU segments.Thomas Munro2020-11-05
| | | | | | | | | Commit dee663f7 intended to drop any queued up fsync requests before unlinking segment files, but missed a code path. Fix, by centralizing the forget-and-unlink code into a single function. Reported-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas.vondra@2ndquadrant.com> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20201104013205.icogbi773przyny5%40development
* Fix segmentation fault that commit ac22929a26 caused.Fujii Masao2020-11-04
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commit ac22929a26 changed recoveryWakeupLatch so that it's reset to NULL at the end of recovery. This change could cause a segmentation fault in the buildfarm member 'elver'. Previously the latch was reset to NULL after calling ShutdownWalRcv(). But there could be a window between ShutdownWalRcv() and the actual exit of walreceiver. If walreceiver set the latch during that window, the segmentation fault could happen. To fix the issue, this commit changes walreceiver so that it sets the latch only when the latch has not been reset to NULL yet. Author: Fujii Masao Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/5c1f8a85-747c-7bf9-241e-dd467d8a3586@iki.fi
* Get rid of the dedicated latch for signaling the startup process.Fujii Masao2020-11-04
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | This commit gets rid of the dedicated latch for signaling the startup process in favor of using its procLatch, since that comports better with possible generic signal handlers using that latch. Commit 1e53fe0e70 changed background processes so that they use standard SIGHUP handler. Like that, this commit also makes the startup process use standard SIGHUP handler to simplify the code. Author: Fujii Masao Reviewed-by: Bharath Rupireddy, Michael Paquier Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CALj2ACXPorUqePswDtOeM_s82v9RW32E1fYmOPZ5NuE+TWKj_A@mail.gmail.com
* Use PG_GETARG_TRANSACTIONID where appropriatePeter Eisentraut2020-11-02
| | | | | | | | | | | | Some places were using PG_GETARG_UINT32 where PG_GETARG_TRANSACTIONID would be more appropriate. (Of course, they are the same internally, so there is no externally visible effect.) To do that, export PG_GETARG_TRANSACTIONID outside of xid.c. We also export PG_RETURN_TRANSACTIONID for symmetry, even though there are currently no external users. Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat@2ndquadrant.com> Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/d8f6bdd536df403b9b33816e9f7e0b9d@G08CNEXMBPEKD05.g08.fujitsu.local
* Fix some grammar and typos in comments and docsMichael Paquier2020-11-02
| | | | | | | | The documentation fixes are backpatched down to where they apply. Author: Justin Pryzby Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20201031020801.GD3080@telsasoft.com Backpatch-through: 9.6
* Reproduce debug_query_string==NULL on parallel workers.Noah Misch2020-10-31
| | | | | | | | | | Certain background workers initiate parallel queries while debug_query_string==NULL, at which point they attempted strlen(NULL) and died to SIGSEGV. Older debug_query_string observers allow NULL, so do likewise in these newer ones. Back-patch to v11, where commit 7de4a1bcc56f494acbd0d6e70781df877dc8ecb5 introduced the first of these. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20201014022636.GA1962668@rfd.leadboat.com
* Fix missing validation for the new GiST sortsupport functions.Heikki Linnakangas2020-10-30
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Because of this, if you tried to create an operator family with the new sortsupport function, you got an error: ERROR: support function number 11 is invalid for access method gist We missed this in commit 16fa9b2b30 that added the sortsupport function, because it only added sortsupport to a built-in operator family. Author: Andrey Borodin Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/3520A18A-5C38-4697-A2E3-F3BDE3496CD5%40yandex-team.ru
* Centralize horizon determination for temp tables, fixing bug due to skew.Andres Freund2020-10-28
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This fixes a bug in the edge case where, for a temp table, heap_page_prune() can end up with a different horizon than heap_vacuum_rel(). Which can trigger errors like "ERROR: cannot freeze committed xmax ...". The bug was introduced due to interaction of a7212be8b9e "Set cutoff xmin more aggressively when vacuuming a temporary table." with dc7420c2c92 "snapshot scalability: Don't compute global horizons while building snapshots.". The problem is caused by lazy_scan_heap() assuming that the only reason its HeapTupleSatisfiesVacuum() call would return HEAPTUPLE_DEAD is if the tuple is a HOT tuple, or if the tuple's inserting transaction has aborted since the heap_page_prune() call. But after a7212be8b9e that was also possible in other cases for temp tables, because heap_page_prune() uses a different visibility test after dc7420c2c92. The fix is fairly simple: Move the special case logic for temp tables from vacuum_set_xid_limits() to the infrastructure introduced in dc7420c2c92. That ensures that the horizon used for pruning is at least as aggressive as the one used by lazy_scan_heap(). The concrete horizon used for temp tables is slightly different than the logic in dc7420c2c92, but should always be as aggressive as before (see comments). A significant benefit to centralizing the logic procarray.c is that now the more aggressive horizons for temp tables does not just apply to VACUUM but also to e.g. HOT pruning and the nbtree killtuples logic. Because isTopLevel is not needed by vacuum_set_xid_limits() anymore, I undid the the related changes from a7212be8b9e. This commit also adds an isolation test ensuring that the more aggressive vacuuming and pruning of temp tables keeps working. Debugged-By: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com> Debugged-By: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us> Debugged-By: Ashutosh Sharma <ashu.coek88@gmail.com> Author: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20201014203103.72oke6hqywcyhx7s@alap3.anarazel.de Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20201015083735.derdzysdtqdvxshp@alap3.anarazel.de
* Extend amcheck to check heap pages.Robert Haas2020-10-22
| | | | | | | | Mark Dilger, reviewed by Peter Geoghegan, Andres Freund, Álvaro Herrera, Michael Paquier, Amul Sul, and by me. Some last-minute cosmetic revisions by me. Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/12ED3DA8-25F0-4B68-937D-D907CFBF08E7@enterprisedb.com