| Commit message (Collapse) | Author | Age |
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At the beginning of recovery, information from replication slots is
recovered from disk to memory. In order to ensure the durability of the
information, the status file as well as its parent directory are
synced. It happens that the sync on the parent directory was done
directly using the status file path, which is logically incorrect, and
the current code has been doing a sync on the same object twice in a
row.
Reported-by: Konstantin Knizhnik
Diagnosed-by: Konstantin Knizhnik
Author: Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/9eb1a6d5-b66f-2640-598d-c5ea46b8f68a@postgrespro.ru
Backpatch-through: 9.4-
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There's a project policy against using plain "char buf[BLCKSZ]" local
or static variables as page buffers; preferred style is to palloc or
malloc each buffer to ensure it is MAXALIGN'd. However, that policy's
been ignored in an increasing number of places. We've apparently got
away with it so far, probably because (a) relatively few people use
platforms on which misalignment causes core dumps and/or (b) the
variables chance to be sufficiently aligned anyway. But this is not
something to rely on. Moreover, even if we don't get a core dump,
we might be paying a lot of cycles for misaligned accesses.
To fix, invent new union types PGAlignedBlock and PGAlignedXLogBlock
that the compiler must allocate with sufficient alignment, and use
those in place of plain char arrays.
I used these types even for variables where there's no risk of a
misaligned access, since ensuring proper alignment should make
kernel data transfers faster. I also changed some places where
we had been palloc'ing short-lived buffers, for coding style
uniformity and to save palloc/pfree overhead.
Since this seems to be a live portability hazard (despite the lack
of field reports), back-patch to all supported versions.
Patch by me; thanks to Michael Paquier for review.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1535618100.1286.3.camel@credativ.de
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Currently there are two ways to trigger log rotation in logging collector
process: call pg_rotate_logfile() SQL-function or send SIGUSR1 signal directly
to logging collector process. However, it's nice to have more suitable way
for external tools to do that, which wouldn't require SQL connection or
knowledge of logging collector pid. This commit implements triggering log
rotation by "pg_ctl logrotate" command.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20180416.115435.28153375.horiguchi.kyotaro%40lab.ntt.co.jp
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi, Alexander Kuzmenkov, Alexander Korotkov
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Healthy clients of servers having poor I/O performance, such as
buildfarm members hamster and tern, saw unexpected timeouts. That
disagreed with documentation. This fix adds one gettimeofday() call
whenever ProcessRepliesIfAny() finds no client reply messages.
Back-patch to 9.4; the bug's symptom is rare and mild, and the code all
moved between 9.3 and 9.4.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20180826034600.GA1105084@rfd.leadboat.com
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Startup process has improved its calculation of incorrect minimum
consistent point in 8d68ee6, which ensures that all WAL available gets
replayed when doing crash recovery, and has introduced an incorrect
calculation of the minimum recovery point for non-startup processes,
which can cause incorrect page references on a standby when for example
the background writer flushed a couple of pages on-disk but was not
updating the control file to let a subsequent crash recovery replay to
where it should have.
The only case where this has been reported to be a problem is when a
standby needs to calculate the latest removed xid when replaying a btree
deletion record, so one would need connections on a standby that happen
just after recovery has thought it reached a consistent point. Using a
background worker which is started after the consistent point is reached
would be the easiest way to get into problems if it connects to a
database. Having clients which attempt to connect periodically could
also be a problem, but the odds of seeing this problem are much lower.
The fix used is pretty simple, as the idea is to give access to the
minimum recovery point written in the control file to non-startup
processes so as they use a reference, while the startup process still
initializes its own references of the minimum consistent point so as the
original problem with incorrect page references happening post-promotion
with a crash do not show up.
Reported-by: Alexander Kukushkin
Diagnosed-by: Alexander Kukushkin
Author: Michael Paquier
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi, Alexander Kukushkin
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/153492341830.1368.3936905691758473953@wrigleys.postgresql.org
Backpatch-through: 9.3
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Commit f49842d, which added support for partitionwise joins, built the
child's tlist by applying adjust_appendrel_attrs() to the parent's. So in
the case where the parent's included a whole-row Var for the parent, the
child's contained a ConvertRowtypeExpr. To cope with that, that commit
added code to the planner, such as setrefs.c, but some code paths still
assumed that the tlist for a scan (or join) rel would only include Vars
and PlaceHolderVars, which was true before that commit, causing errors:
* When creating an explicit sort node for an input path for a mergejoin
path for a child join, prepare_sort_from_pathkeys() threw the 'could not
find pathkey item to sort' error.
* When deparsing a relation participating in a pushed down child join as a
subquery in contrib/postgres_fdw, get_relation_column_alias_ids() threw
the 'unexpected expression in subquery output' error.
* When performing set_plan_references() on a local join plan generated by
contrib/postgres_fdw for EvalPlanQual support for a pushed down child
join, fix_join_expr() threw the 'variable not found in subplan target
lists' error.
To fix these, two approaches have been proposed: one by Ashutosh Bapat and
one by me. While the former keeps building the child's tlist with a
ConvertRowtypeExpr, the latter builds it with a whole-row Var for the
child not to violate the planner assumption, and tries to fix it up later,
But both approaches need more work, so refuse to generate partitionwise
join paths when whole-row Vars are involved, instead. We don't need to
handle ConvertRowtypeExprs in the child's tlists for now, so this commit
also removes the changes to the planner.
Previously, partitionwise join computed attr_needed data for each child
separately, and built the child join's tlist using that data, which also
required an extra step for adding PlaceHolderVars to that tlist, but it
would be more efficient to build it from the parent join's tlist through
the adjust_appendrel_attrs() transformation. So this commit builds that
list that way, and simplifies build_joinrel_tlist() and placeholder.c as
well as part of set_append_rel_size() to basically what they were before
partitionwise join went in.
Back-patch to PG11 where partitionwise join was introduced.
Report by Rajkumar Raghuwanshi. Analysis by Ashutosh Bapat, who also
provided some of regression tests. Patch by me, reviewed by Robert Haas.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKcux6ktu-8tefLWtQuuZBYFaZA83vUzuRd7c1YHC-yEWyYFpg@mail.gmail.com
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Add support for error position reporting for partition specifications.
Reviewed-by: Fabien COELHO <coelho@cri.ensmp.fr>
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Add support for error position reporting for the expressions contained
in defaults and check constraint definitions. This currently works only
for CREATE TABLE, not ALTER TABLE, because the latter is not set up to
pass around the original query string.
Reviewed-by: Fabien COELHO <coelho@cri.ensmp.fr>
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When a postmaster gets into its phase PM_STARTUP, it would start
background workers using BgWorkerStart_PostmasterStart mode immediately,
which would cause problems for a fast shutdown as the postmaster forgets
to send SIGTERM to already-started background workers. With smart and
immediate shutdowns, this correctly happened, and fast shutdown is the
only mode missing the shot.
Author: Alexander Kukushkin
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAFh8B=mvnD8+DZUfzpi50DoaDfZRDfd7S=gwj5vU9GYn8UvHkA@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 9.5
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regexp_matches, regexp_split_to_table and regexp_split_to_array all
work by compiling a list of match positions as character offsets (NOT
byte positions) in the source string.
Formerly, they then used text_substr to extract the matched text; but
in a multi-byte encoding, that counts the characters in the string,
and the characters needed to reach the starting byte position, on
every call. Accordingly, the performance degraded as the product of
the input string length and the number of match positions, such that
splitting a string of a few hundred kbytes could take many minutes.
Repair by keeping the wide-character copy of the input string
available (only in the case where encoding_max_length is not 1) after
performing the match operation, and extracting substrings from that
instead. This reduces the complexity to being linear in the number of
result bytes, discounting the actual regexp match itself (which is not
affected by this patch).
In passing, remove cleanup using retail pfree() which was obsoleted by
commit ff428cded (Feb 2008) which made cleanup of SRF multi-call
contexts automatic. Also increase (to ~134 million) the maximum number
of matches and provide an error message when it is reached.
Backpatch all the way because this has been wrong forever.
Analysis and patch by me; review by Kaiting Chen.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/87pnyn55qh.fsf@news-spur.riddles.org.uk
see also https://postgr.es/m/87lg996g4r.fsf@news-spur.riddles.org.uk
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The problem arises with the combination of CALL with output parameters
and doing a COMMIT inside the procedure. When a CALL has output
parameters, the portal uses the strategy PORTAL_UTIL_SELECT instead of
PORTAL_MULTI_QUERY. Using PORTAL_UTIL_SELECT causes the portal's
snapshot to be registered with the current resource
owner (portal->holdSnapshot); see
9ee1cf04ab6bcefe03a11837b53f29ca9dc24c7a for the reason.
Normally, PortalDrop() unregisters the snapshot. If not, then
ResourceOwnerRelease() will print a warning about a snapshot leak on
transaction commit. A transaction commit normally drops all
portals (PreCommit_Portals()), except the active portal. So in case of
the active portal, we need to manually release the snapshot to avoid the
warning.
Reported-by: Prabhat Sahu <prabhat.sahu@enterprisedb.com>
Reviewed-by: Jonathan S. Katz <jkatz@postgresql.org>
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A caller of VACUUM can perform early lookup obtention which can cause
other sessions to block on the request done, causing potentially DOS
attacks as even a non-privileged user can attempt a vacuum fill of a
critical catalog table to block even all incoming connection attempts.
Contrary to TRUNCATE, a client could attempt a system-wide VACUUM after
building the list of relations to VACUUM, which can cause vacuum_rel()
or analyze_rel() to try to lock the relation but the operation would
just block. When the client specifies a list of relations and the
relation needs to be skipped, ownership checks are done when building
the list of relations to work on, preventing a later lock attempt.
vacuum_rel() already had the sanity checks needed, except that those
were applied too late. This commit refactors the code so as relation
skips are checked beforehand, making it safer to avoid too early locks,
for both manual VACUUM with and without a list of relations specified.
An isolation test is added emulating the fact that early locks do not
happen anymore, issuing a WARNING message earlier if the user calling
VACUUM is not a relation owner.
When a partitioned table is listed in a manual VACUUM or ANALYZE
command, its full list of partitions is fetched, all partitions get
added to the list to work on, and then each one of them is processed one
by one, with ownership checks happening at the later phase of
vacuum_rel() or analyze_rel(). Trying to do early ownership checks for
each partition is proving to be tedious as this would result in deadlock
risks with lock upgrades, and skipping all partitions if the listed
partitioned table is not owned would result in a behavior change
compared to how Postgres 10 has implemented vacuum for partitioned
tables. The original problem reported related to early lock queue for
critical relations is fixed anyway, so priority is given to avoiding a
backward-incompatible behavior.
Reported-by: Lloyd Albin, Jeremy Schneider
Author: Michael Paquier
Reviewed by: Nathan Bossart, Kyotaro Horiguchi
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/152512087100.19803.12733865831237526317@wrigleys.postgresql.org
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20180812222142.GA6097@paquier.xyz
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Author: David Rowley
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKJS1f8du35u5DprpykWvgNEScxapbWYJdHq%2Bz06Wj3Y2KFPbw%40mail.gmail.com
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The previous coding figured it'd be good enough to postpone opening
the first CSV log file until we got a message we needed to write there.
This is unsafe, though, because if the open fails we end up in infinite
recursion trying to report the failure. Instead make the CSV log file
management code look as nearly as possible like the longstanding logic
for the stderr log file. In particular, open it immediately at postmaster
startup (if enabled), or when we get a SIGHUP in which we find that
log_destination has been changed to enable CSV logging.
It seems OK to fail if a postmaster-start-time open attempt fails, as
we've long done for the stderr log file. But we can't die if we fail
to open a CSV log file during SIGHUP, so we're still left with a problem.
In that case, write any output meant for the CSV log file to the stderr
log file. (This will also cover race-condition cases in which backends
send CSV log data before or after we have the CSV log file open.)
This patch also fixes an ancient oversight that, if CSV logging was
turned off during a SIGHUP, we never actually closed the last CSV
log file.
In passing, remember to reset whereToSendOutput = DestNone during syslogger
start, since (unlike all other postmaster children) it's forked before the
postmaster has done that. This made for a platform-dependent difference
in error reporting behavior between the syslogger and other children:
except on Windows, it'd report problems to the original postmaster stderr
as well as the normal error log file(s). It's barely possible that that
was intentional at some point; but it doesn't seem likely to be desirable
in production, and the platform dependency definitely isn't desirable.
Per report from Alexander Kukushkin. It's been like this for a long time,
so back-patch to all supported branches.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAFh8B==iLUD_gqC-dAENS0V+kVrCeGiKujtKqSQ7++S-caaChw@mail.gmail.com
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Andres and Tom objected to the choice of the ".tmp"
extension. Changing to Andres's suggestion of ".spill".
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/88092095-3348-49D8-8746-EB574B1D30EA%40anarazel.de
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The previous extension, ".snap", was chosen for historical reasons and
became confusing.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAMp0ubd_P8vBGx8=MfDXQJZxHA5D_Zarw5cCkDxJ_63+pWRJ9w@mail.gmail.com
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Noticed thanks to buildfarm animal seawasp.
Author: Andres Freund
Backpatch: v11-, where LLVM based JIT compliation was introduced.
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While we generally don't sweat too much about "may be used uninitialized"
warnings from older compilers, I noticed that there's a fair number of
buildfarm animals that are producing such a warning *only* for this
variable. So it seems worth silencing.
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This just converts a few for loops in postgres.c to declare variables
in the loop initializer, and uses designated initializers in smgr.c's
definition of smgr callbacks.
Author: Andres Freund
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/97d4b165-192d-3605-749c-f614a0c4e783@2ndquadrant.com
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Code in slot_getallattrs() is the same as if slot_getsomeattrs() is
called with number of attributes specified in the tuple
descriptor. Implement it that way instead of duplicating the code
between those two functions.
This is part of a patchseries abstracting TupleTableSlots so they can
store arbitrary forms of tuples, but is a nice enough cleanup on its
own.
Author: Ashutosh Bapat
Reviewed-By: Andres Freund
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20180220224318.gw4oe5jadhpmcdnm@alap3.anarazel.de
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Commits c6b3c939b (which fixed the precedence of >=, <=, <> operators)
and 865f14a2d (which added support for the standard => notation for
named arguments) created a class of lexer tokens which look like
multi-character operators but which have their own token IDs distinct
from Op. However, longest-match rules meant that following any of
these tokens with another operator character, as in (1<>-1), would
cause them to be incorrectly returned as Op.
The error here isn't immediately obvious, because the parser would
usually still find the correct operator via the Op token, but there
were more subtle problems:
1. If immediately followed by a comment or +-, >= <= <> would be given
the old precedence of Op rather than the correct new precedence;
2. If followed by a comment, != would be returned as Op rather than as
NOT_EQUAL, causing it not to be found at all;
3. If followed by a comment or +-, the => token for named arguments
would be lexed as Op, causing the argument to be mis-parsed as a
simple expression, usually causing an error.
Fix by explicitly checking for the operators in the {operator} code
block in addition to all the existing special cases there.
Backpatch to 9.5 where the problem was introduced.
Analysis and patch by me; review by Tom Lane.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/87va851ppl.fsf@news-spur.riddles.org.uk
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The lexer's handling of operators contained an O(N^3) hazard when
dealing with long strings of + or - characters; it seems hard to
prevent this case from being O(N^2), but the additional N multiplier
was not needed.
Backpatch all the way since this has been there since 7.x, and it
presents at least a mild hazard in that trying to do Bind, PREPARE or
EXPLAIN on a hostile query could take excessive time (without
honouring cancels or timeouts) even if the query was never executed.
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Since procedures are now a different thing from functions, change the
CREATE TRIGGER and CREATE EVENT TRIGGER syntax to use FUNCTION in the
clause that specifies the function. PROCEDURE is still accepted for
compatibility.
pg_dump and ruleutils.c output is not changed yet, because that would
require a change in information_schema.sql and thus a catversion change.
Reported-by: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie>
Reviewed-by: Jonathan S. Katz <jonathan.katz@excoventures.com>
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Since procedures are now a different thing from functions, change the
CREATE OPERATOR syntax to use FUNCTION in the clause that specifies the
function. PROCEDURE is still accepted for compatibility.
Reported-by: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie>
Reviewed-by: Jonathan S. Katz <jonathan.katz@excoventures.com>
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Historically, the term procedure was used as a synonym for function in
Postgres/PostgreSQL. Now we have procedures as separate objects from
functions, so we need to clean up the documentation to not mix those
terms.
In particular, mentions of "trigger procedures" are changed to "trigger
functions", and access method "support procedures" are changed to
"support functions". (The latter already used FUNCTION in the SQL
syntax anyway.) Also, the terminology in the SPI chapter has been
cleaned up.
A few tests, examples, and code comments are also adjusted to be
consistent with documentation changes, but not everything.
Reported-by: Peter Geoghegan <pg@bowt.ie>
Reviewed-by: Jonathan S. Katz <jonathan.katz@excoventures.com>
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Per complaint from Michael Paquier.
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Author: David Rowley
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKJS1f8YkwojSTSg8YjNYCLCXzx0fR7wBR3Gf%2BrA9_52eoPZKg%40mail.gmail.com
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While monitoring the code, a couple of issues related to string
translation has showed up:
- Some routines for auto-updatable views return an error string, which
sometimes missed the shot. A comment regarding string translation is
added for each routine to help with future features.
- GSSAPI authentication missed two translations.
- vacuumdb handles non-translated strings.
- GetConfigOptionByNum should translate strings. This part is not
back-patched as after a minor upgrade this could be surprising for
users.
Reported-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier, Tom Lane
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20180810.152131.31921918.horiguchi.kyotaro@lab.ntt.co.jp
Backpatch-through: 9.3
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Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20180821.115841.93250330.horiguchi.kyotaro@lab.ntt.co.jp
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The new wording comes from Álvaro, which I modified a bit.
Reported-by: Andres Freund, Álvaro Herrera
Author: Álvaro Herrera, Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20180809165047.GK13638@paquier.xyz
Backpatch-through: 11
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Change the hint to recommend DROP PROCEDURE instead of FUNCTION. Also
make the error message when changing the return type more specific to
the case of procedures.
Reported-by: Jeremy Evans <code@jeremyevans.net>
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
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InsertPgAttributeTuple() is the interface between in-memory tuple
descriptors and on-disk pg_attribute, so it makes sense to give it the
job of resetting attcacheoff. This avoids having all the callers having
to do so.
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
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When executing a SubPlan in an expression, the EState's direction
field was left alone, resulting in an attempt to execute the subplan
backwards if it was encountered during a backwards scan of a cursor.
Also, though much less likely, it was possible to reach the execution
of an InitPlan while in backwards-scan state.
Repair by saving/restoring estate->es_direction and forcing forward
scan mode in the relevant places.
Backpatch all the way, since this has been broken since 8.3 (prior to
commit c7ff7663e, SubPlans had their own EStates rather than sharing
the parent plan's, so there was no confusion over scan direction).
Per bug #15336 reported by Vladimir Baranoff; analysis and patch by
me, review by Tom Lane.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/153449812167.1304.1741624125628126322@wrigleys.postgresql.org
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This patch makes the geometric operators and functions use the exported
function of the float4/float8 datatypes. The main reason of doing so is
to check for underflow and overflow, and to handle NaNs consciously.
The float datatypes consider NaNs values to be equal and greater than
all non-NaN values. This change considers NaNs equal only for equality
operators. The placement operators, contains, overlaps, left/right of
etc. continue to return false when NaNs are involved. We don't need
to worry about them being considered greater than any-NaN because there
aren't any basic comparison operators like less/greater than for the
geometric datatypes.
The changes may be summarised as:
* Check for underflow, overflow and division by zero
* Consider NaN values to be equal
* Return NULL when the distance is NaN for all closest point operators
* Favour not-NaN over NaN where it makes sense
The patch also replaces all occurrences of "double" as "float8". They
are the same, but were used inconsistently in the same file.
Author: Emre Hasegeli
Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi, Tomas Vondra
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CAE2gYzxF7-5djV6-cEvqQu-fNsnt%3DEqbOURx7ZDg%2BVv6ZMTWbg%40mail.gmail.com
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Commit a7dc63d904a6044d299aebdf59ad3199b6a9e99d removed most of the
GEODEBUG occurrences, but there were a couple remaining. So remove
them too, to get rid of the macro entirely.
Author: Emre Hasegeli
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/CAE2gYzxF7-5djV6-cEvqQu-fNsnt%3DEqbOURx7ZDg%2BVv6ZMTWbg%40mail.gmail.com
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Since our substitute snprintf now returns a C99-compliant result,
there's no need anymore to have complicated code to cope with pre-C99
behavior. We can just make configure substitute snprintf.c if it finds
that the system snprintf() is pre-C99. (Note: I do not believe that
there are any platforms where this test will trigger that weren't
already being rejected due to our other C99-ish feature requirements for
snprintf. But let's add the check for paranoia's sake.) Then, simplify
the call sites that had logic to cope with the pre-C99 definition.
I also dropped some stuff that was being paranoid about the possibility
of snprintf overrunning the given buffer. The only reports we've ever
heard of that being a problem were for Solaris 7, which is long dead,
and we've sure not heard any reports of these assertions triggering in
a long time. So let's drop that complexity too.
Likewise, drop some code that wasn't trusting snprintf to set errno
when it returns -1. That would be not-per-spec, and again there's
no real reason to believe it is a live issue, especially not for
snprintfs that pass all of configure's feature checks.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/17245.1534289329@sss.pgh.pa.us
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In a multi-layer partitioning setup, if at plan time all the
sub-partitions are pruned but the intermediate one remains, the executor
later throws a spurious error that there's nothing to prune. That is
correct, but there's no reason to throw an error. Therefore, don't.
Reported-by: Andreas Seltenreich <seltenreich@gmx.de>
Author: David Rowley <david.rowley@2ndquadrant.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/87in4h98i0.fsf@ansel.ydns.eu
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The function was forgetting to close the file descriptor, resulting
in failures like this:
ERROR: 53000: exceeded maxAllocatedDescs (492) while trying to open
file "pg_logical/mappings/map-4000-4eb-1_60DE1E08-5376b5-537c6b"
LOCATION: OpenTransientFile, fd.c:2161
Simply close the file at the end, and backpatch to 9.4 (where logical
decoding was introduced). While at it, fix a nearby typo.
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/738a590a-2ce5-9394-2bef-7b1caad89b37%402ndquadrant.com
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This file mentions all the files generated from it, but missed that
errcodes-list.sgml is no more, while errcodes-table.sgml is.
Author: Noriyoshi Shinoda
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/TU4PR8401MB0430855D6B971E49EB55F328EE3E0@TU4PR8401MB0430.NAMPRD84.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM
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The previous comment gave the impression that skipping OIDs before
FirstNormalObjectId was merely an optimization to avoid likely collisions.
In fact other parts of the system have been relying on this threshold to
detect system-created objects since commit 8e18d04d4da, so adjust the
wording.
Author: Thomas Munro
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEepm%3D33JASACeOayr_W3%3DCSjy2jiPxM-k89axu0akFbHdjnjA%40mail.gmail.com
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We aren't very strict about keeping FSM up to date on WAL replay,
because per-page freespace values aren't critical in replicas (can't
write to heap in a replica; and if the replica is promoted, the values
would be updated by VACUUM anyway). However, VACUUM since 9.6 can skip
processing pages marked all-visible or all-frozen, and if such pages are
recorded in FSM with wrong values, those values are blindly propagated
to FSM's upper layers by VACUUM's FreeSpaceMapVacuum. (This rationale
assumes that crashes are not very frequent, because those would cause
outdated FSM to occur in the primary.)
Even when the FSM is outdated in standby, things are not too bad
normally, because, most per-page FSM values will be zero (other than
those propagated with the base-backup that created the standby); only
once the remaining free space is less than 0.2*BLCKSZ the per-page value
is maintained by WAL replay of heap ins/upd/del. However, if
wal_log_hints=on causes complete FSM pages to be propagated to a standby
via full-page images, many too-optimistic per-page values can end up
being registered in the standby.
Incorrect per-page values aren't critical in most cases, since an
inserter that is given a page that doesn't actually contain the claimed
free space will update FSM with the correct value, and retry until it
finds a usable page. However, if there are many such updates to do, an
inserter can spend a long time doing them before a usable page is found;
in a heavily trafficked insert-only table with many concurrent inserters
this has been observed to cause several second stalls, causing visible
application malfunction.
To fix this problem, it seems sufficient to have heap_xlog_visible
(replay of setting all-visible and all-frozen VM bits for a heap page)
update the FSM value for the page being processed. This fixes the
per-page counters together with making the page skippable to vacuum, so
when vacuum does FreeSpaceMapVacuum, the values propagated to FSM upper
layers are the correct ones, avoiding the problem.
While at it, apply the same fix to heap_xlog_clean (replay of tuple
removal by HOT pruning and vacuum). This makes any space freed by the
cleaning available earlier than the next vacuum in the promoted replica.
Backpatch to 9.6, where this problem was diagnosed on an insert-only
table with all-frozen pages, which were introduced as a concept in that
release. Theoretically it could apply with all-visible pages to older
branches, but there's been no report of that and it doesn't backpatch
cleanly anyway.
Author: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20180802172857.5skoexsilnjvgruk@alvherre.pgsql
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Fix a small number of places that were testing the result of snprintf()
but doing so incorrectly. The right test for buffer overrun, per C99,
is "result >= bufsize" not "result > bufsize". Some places were also
checking for failure with "result == -1", but the standard only says
that a negative value is delivered on failure.
(Note that this only makes these places correct if snprintf() delivers
C99-compliant results. But at least now these places are consistent
with all the other places where we assume that.)
Also, make psql_start_test() and isolation_start_test() check for
buffer overrun while constructing their shell commands. There seems
like a higher risk of overrun, with more severe consequences, here
than there is for the individual file paths that are made elsewhere
in the same functions, so this seemed like a worthwhile change.
Also fix guc.c's do_serialize() to initialize errno = 0 before
calling vsnprintf. In principle, this should be unnecessary because
vsnprintf should have set errno if it returns a failure indication ...
but the other two places this coding pattern is cribbed from don't
assume that, so let's be consistent.
These errors are all very old, so back-patch as appropriate. I think
that only the shell command overrun cases are even theoretically
reachable in practice, but there's not much point in erroneous error
checks.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/17245.1534289329@sss.pgh.pa.us
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dlopen() has been documented since NetBSD 1.1 (1995).
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dlopen() has been documented since OpenBSD 2.0 (1996).
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dlopen() has been documented since FreeBSD 3.0 (1989).
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This has been obsolete probably since the late 1990s.
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not needed since macOS 10.3 (2003)
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