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* SQL JSON functionsAndrew Dunstan2022-03-30
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This Patch introduces three SQL standard JSON functions: JSON() (incorrectly mentioned in my commit message for f4fb45d15c) JSON_SCALAR() JSON_SERIALIZE() JSON() produces json values from text, bytea, json or jsonb values, and has facilitites for handling duplicate keys. JSON_SCALAR() produces a json value from any scalar sql value, including json and jsonb. JSON_SERIALIZE() produces text or bytea from input which containis or represents json or jsonb; For the most part these functions don't add any significant new capabilities, but they will be of use to users wanting standard compliant JSON handling. Nikita Glukhov Reviewers have included (in no particular order) Andres Freund, Alexander Korotkov, Pavel Stehule, Andrew Alsup, Erik Rijkers, Zihong Yu, Himanshu Upadhyaya, Daniel Gustafsson, Justin Pryzby. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/cd0bb935-0158-78a7-08b5-904886deac4b@postgrespro.ru
* SQL/JSON query functionsAndrew Dunstan2022-03-29
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This introduces the SQL/JSON functions for querying JSON data using jsonpath expressions. The functions are: JSON_EXISTS() JSON_QUERY() JSON_VALUE() All of these functions only operate on jsonb. The workaround for now is to cast the argument to jsonb. JSON_EXISTS() tests if the jsonpath expression applied to the jsonb value yields any values. JSON_VALUE() must return a single value, and an error occurs if it tries to return multiple values. JSON_QUERY() must return a json object or array, and there are various WRAPPER options for handling scalar or multi-value results. Both these functions have options for handling EMPTY and ERROR conditions. Nikita Glukhov Reviewers have included (in no particular order) Andres Freund, Alexander Korotkov, Pavel Stehule, Andrew Alsup, Erik Rijkers, Zihong Yu, Himanshu Upadhyaya, Daniel Gustafsson, Justin Pryzby. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/cd0bb935-0158-78a7-08b5-904886deac4b@postgrespro.ru
* SQL/JSON constructorsAndrew Dunstan2022-03-27
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This patch introduces the SQL/JSON standard constructors for JSON: JSON() JSON_ARRAY() JSON_ARRAYAGG() JSON_OBJECT() JSON_OBJECTAGG() For the most part these functions provide facilities that mimic existing json/jsonb functions. However, they also offer some useful additional functionality. In addition to text input, the JSON() function accepts bytea input, which it will decode and constuct a json value from. The other functions provide useful options for handling duplicate keys and null values. This series of patches will be followed by a consolidated documentation patch. Nikita Glukhov Reviewers have included (in no particular order) Andres Freund, Alexander Korotkov, Pavel Stehule, Andrew Alsup, Erik Rijkers, Zihong Yu, Himanshu Upadhyaya, Daniel Gustafsson, Justin Pryzby. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/cd0bb935-0158-78a7-08b5-904886deac4b@postgrespro.ru
* Update copyright for 2022Bruce Momjian2022-01-07
| | | | Backpatch-through: 10
* Implementation of subscripting for jsonbAlexander Korotkov2021-01-31
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Subscripting for jsonb does not support slices, does not have a limit for the number of subscripts, and an assignment expects a replace value to have jsonb type. There is also one functional difference between assignment via subscripting and assignment via jsonb_set(). When an original jsonb container is NULL, the subscripting replaces it with an empty jsonb and proceeds with an assignment. For the sake of code reuse, we rearrange some parts of jsonb functionality to allow the usage of the same functions for jsonb_set and assign subscripting operation. The original idea belongs to Oleg Bartunov. Catversion is bumped. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2Bq6zcV8qvGcDXurwwgUbwACV86Th7G80pnubg42e-p9gsSf%3Dg%40mail.gmail.com Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2Bq6zcX3mdxGCgdThzuySwH-ApyHHM-G4oB1R0fn0j2hZqqkLQ%40mail.gmail.com Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2Bq6zcVDuGBv%3DM0FqBYX8DPebS3F_0KQ6OVFobGJPM507_SZ_w%40mail.gmail.com Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2Bq6zcVovR%2BXY4mfk-7oNk-rF91gH0PebnNfuUjuuDsyHjOcVA%40mail.gmail.com Author: Dmitry Dolgov Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Pavel Stehule, Dian M Fay Reviewed-by: Andrew Dunstan, Chapman Flack, Merlin Moncure, Peter Geoghegan Reviewed-by: Alvaro Herrera, Jim Nasby, Josh Berkus, Victor Wagner Reviewed-by: Aleksander Alekseev, Robert Haas, Oleg Bartunov
* Update copyright for 2021Bruce Momjian2021-01-02
| | | | Backpatch-through: 9.5
* Update copyrights for 2020Bruce Momjian2020-01-01
| | | | Backpatch-through: update all files in master, backpatch legal files through 9.4
* Allow datetime values in JsonbValueAlexander Korotkov2019-09-25
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SQL/JSON standard allows manipulation with datetime values. So, it appears to be convinient to allow datetime values to be represented in JsonbValue struct. These datetime values are allowed for temporary representation only. During serialization datetime values are converted into strings. SQL/JSON requires writing timestamps with timezone in the same timezone offset as they were parsed. This is why we allow storage of timezone offset in JsonbValue struct. For the same reason timezone offset argument is added to JsonEncodeDateTime() function. Extracted from original patch by Nikita Glukhov, Teodor Sigaev, Oleg Bartunov. Revised by me. Comments were adjusted by Liudmila Mantrova. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/fcc6fc6a-b497-f39a-923d-aa34d0c588e8%402ndQuadrant.com Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAPpHfdsZgYEra_PeCLGNoXOWYx6iU-S3wF8aX0ObQUcZU%2B4XTw%40mail.gmail.com Author: Nikita Glukhov, Teodor Sigaev, Oleg Bartunov, Alexander Korotkov, Liudmila Mantrova Reviewed-by: Anastasia Lubennikova, Peter Eisentraut
* Split out code into new getKeyJsonValueFromContainer()Alvaro Herrera2019-09-20
| | | | | | | | | | | | The new function stashes its output value in a JsonbValue that can be passed in by the caller, which enables some of them to pass stack-allocated structs -- saving palloc cycles. It also allows some callers that know they are handling a jsonb object to use this new jsonb object-specific API, instead of going through generic container findJsonbValueFromContainer. Author: Nikita Glukhov Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/7c417f90-f95f-247e-ba63-d95e39c0ad14@postgrespro.ru
* Fix inconsistencies and typos in the treeMichael Paquier2019-07-22
| | | | | | | | This is numbered take 7, and addresses a set of issues with code comments, variable names and unreferenced variables. Author: Alexander Lakhin Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/dff75442-2468-f74f-568c-6006e141062f@gmail.com
* Phase 2 pgindent run for v12.Tom Lane2019-05-22
| | | | | | | | | Switch to 2.1 version of pg_bsd_indent. This formats multiline function declarations "correctly", that is with additional lines of parameter declarations indented to match where the first line's left parenthesis is. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEepm=0P3FeTXRcU5B2W3jv3PgRVZ-kGUXLGfd42FFhUROO3ug@mail.gmail.com
* GIN support for @@ and @? jsonpath operatorsAlexander Korotkov2019-04-01
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This commit makes existing GIN operator classes jsonb_ops and json_path_ops support "jsonb @@ jsonpath" and "jsonb @? jsonpath" operators. Basic idea is to extract statements of following form out of jsonpath. key1.key2. ... .keyN = const The rest of jsonpath is rechecked from heap. Catversion is bumped. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/fcc6fc6a-b497-f39a-923d-aa34d0c588e8%402ndQuadrant.com Author: Nikita Glukhov, Alexander Korotkov Reviewed-by: Jonathan Katz, Pavel Stehule
* Partial implementation of SQL/JSON path languageAlexander Korotkov2019-03-16
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SQL 2016 standards among other things contains set of SQL/JSON features for JSON processing inside of relational database. The core of SQL/JSON is JSON path language, allowing access parts of JSON documents and make computations over them. This commit implements partial support JSON path language as separate datatype called "jsonpath". The implementation is partial because it's lacking datetime support and suppression of numeric errors. Missing features will be added later by separate commits. Support of SQL/JSON features requires implementation of separate nodes, and it will be considered in subsequent patches. This commit includes following set of plain functions, allowing to execute jsonpath over jsonb values: * jsonb_path_exists(jsonb, jsonpath[, jsonb, bool]), * jsonb_path_match(jsonb, jsonpath[, jsonb, bool]), * jsonb_path_query(jsonb, jsonpath[, jsonb, bool]), * jsonb_path_query_array(jsonb, jsonpath[, jsonb, bool]). * jsonb_path_query_first(jsonb, jsonpath[, jsonb, bool]). This commit also implements "jsonb @? jsonpath" and "jsonb @@ jsonpath", which are wrappers over jsonpath_exists(jsonb, jsonpath) and jsonpath_predicate(jsonb, jsonpath) correspondingly. These operators will have an index support (implemented in subsequent patches). Catversion bumped, to add new functions and operators. Code was written by Nikita Glukhov and Teodor Sigaev, revised by me. Documentation was written by Oleg Bartunov and Liudmila Mantrova. The work was inspired by Oleg Bartunov. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/fcc6fc6a-b497-f39a-923d-aa34d0c588e8%402ndQuadrant.com Author: Nikita Glukhov, Teodor Sigaev, Alexander Korotkov, Oleg Bartunov, Liudmila Mantrova Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra, Andrew Dunstan, Pavel Stehule, Alexander Korotkov
* Update copyright for 2019Bruce Momjian2019-01-02
| | | | Backpatch-through: certain files through 9.4
* Update copyright for 2018Bruce Momjian2018-01-02
| | | | Backpatch-through: certain files through 9.3
* Make DatumGetFoo/PG_GETARG_FOO/PG_RETURN_FOO macro names more consistent.Tom Lane2017-09-18
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | By project convention, these names should include "P" when dealing with a pointer type; that is, if the result of a GETARG macro is of type FOO *, it should be called PG_GETARG_FOO_P not just PG_GETARG_FOO. Some newer types such as JSONB and ranges had not followed the convention, and a number of contrib modules hadn't gotten that memo either. Rename the offending macros to improve consistency. In passing, fix a few places that thought PG_DETOAST_DATUM() returns a Datum; it does not, it returns "struct varlena *". Applying DatumGetPointer to that happens not to cause any bad effects today, but it's formally wrong. Also, adjust an ltree macro that was designed without any thought for what pgindent would do with it. This is all cosmetic and shouldn't have any impact on generated code. Mark Dilger, some further tweaks by me Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/EA5676F4-766F-4F38-8348-ECC7DB427C6A@gmail.com
* Introduce 64-bit hash functions with a 64-bit seed.Robert Haas2017-08-31
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | This will be useful for hash partitioning, which needs a way to seed the hash functions to avoid problems such as a hash index on a hash partitioned table clumping all values into a small portion of the bucket space; it's also useful for anything that wants a 64-bit hash value rather than a 32-bit hash value. Just in case somebody wants a 64-bit hash value that is compatible with the existing 32-bit hash values, make the low 32-bits of the 64-bit hash value match the 32-bit hash value when the seed is 0. Robert Haas and Amul Sul Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CA+Tgmoafx2yoJuhCQQOL5CocEi-w_uG4S2xT0EtgiJnPGcHW3g@mail.gmail.com
* Phase 2 of pgindent updates.Tom Lane2017-06-21
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Change pg_bsd_indent to follow upstream rules for placement of comments to the right of code, and remove pgindent hack that caused comments following #endif to not obey the general rule. Commit e3860ffa4dd0dad0dd9eea4be9cc1412373a8c89 wasn't actually using the published version of pg_bsd_indent, but a hacked-up version that tried to minimize the amount of movement of comments to the right of code. The situation of interest is where such a comment has to be moved to the right of its default placement at column 33 because there's code there. BSD indent has always moved right in units of tab stops in such cases --- but in the previous incarnation, indent was working in 8-space tab stops, while now it knows we use 4-space tabs. So the net result is that in about half the cases, such comments are placed one tab stop left of before. This is better all around: it leaves more room on the line for comment text, and it means that in such cases the comment uniformly starts at the next 4-space tab stop after the code, rather than sometimes one and sometimes two tabs after. Also, ensure that comments following #endif are indented the same as comments following other preprocessor commands such as #else. That inconsistency turns out to have been self-inflicted damage from a poorly-thought-through post-indent "fixup" in pgindent. This patch is much less interesting than the first round of indent changes, but also bulkier, so I thought it best to separate the effects. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/E1dAmxK-0006EE-1r@gemulon.postgresql.org Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/30527.1495162840@sss.pgh.pa.us
* Introduce convenience macros to hide JsonbContainer header accesses better.Tom Lane2017-01-25
| | | | | | | | | | | | This improves readability a bit and may make future improvements easier. In passing, make sure that the JB_ROOT_IS_XXX macros deliver boolean (0/1) results; the previous coding was a bug hazard, though no actual bugs are known. Nikita Glukhov, extended a bit by me Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/9e21a39c-c1d7-b9b5-44a0-c5345a5029f6@postgrespro.ru
* Generate fmgr prototypes automaticallyPeter Eisentraut2017-01-17
| | | | | | | | | | | | Gen_fmgrtab.pl creates a new file fmgrprotos.h, which contains prototypes for all functions registered in pg_proc.h. This avoids having to manually maintain these prototypes across a random variety of header files. It also automatically enforces a correct function signature, and since there are warnings about missing prototypes, it will detect functions that are defined but not registered in pg_proc.h (or otherwise used). Reviewed-by: Pavel Stehule <pavel.stehule@gmail.com>
* Update copyright via script for 2017Bruce Momjian2017-01-03
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* Fix breakage in previous changePeter Eisentraut2016-09-30
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* Separate enum from structPeter Eisentraut2016-09-30
| | | | | | Otherwise the enum symbols are not visible outside the struct in C++. Reviewed-by: Thomas Munro <thomas.munro@enterprisedb.com>
* pgindent run for 9.6Robert Haas2016-06-09
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* Add jsonb_insertTeodor Sigaev2016-04-06
| | | | | | | | It inserts a new value into an jsonb array at arbitrary position or a new key to jsonb object. Author: Dmitry Dolgov Reviewers: Petr Jelinek, Vitaly Burovoy, Andrew Dunstan
* Update copyright for 2016Bruce Momjian2016-01-02
| | | | Backpatch certain files through 9.1
* Rename jsonb_replace to jsonb_set and allow it to add new valuesAndrew Dunstan2015-05-31
| | | | | | | | | | | | The function is given a fourth parameter, which defaults to true. When this parameter is true, if the last element of the path is missing in the original json, jsonb_set creates it in the result and assigns it the new value. If it is false then the function does nothing unless all elements of the path are present, including the last. Based on some original code from Dmitry Dolgov, heavily modified by me. Catalog version bumped.
* Remove no-longer-required function declarations.Tom Lane2015-05-24
| | | | | | | | | | Remove a bunch of "extern Datum foo(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);" declarations that are no longer needed now that PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(foo) provides that. Some of these were evidently missed in commit e7128e8dbb305059, but others were cargo-culted in in code added since then. Possibly that can be blamed in part on the fact that we'd not fixed relevant documentation examples, which I've now done.
* pgindent run for 9.5Bruce Momjian2015-05-23
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* Unpack jbvBinary objects passed to pushJsonbValueAndrew Dunstan2015-05-22
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | pushJsonbValue was accepting jbvBinary objects passed as WJB_ELEM or WJB_VALUE data. While this succeeded, when those objects were later encountered in attempting to convert the result to Jsonb, errors occurred. With this change we ghuarantee that a JSonbValue constructed from calls to pushJsonbValue does not contain any jbvBinary objects. This cures a problem observed with jsonb_delete. This means callers of pushJsonbValue no longer need to perform this unpacking themselves. A subsequent patch will perform some cleanup in that area. The error was not triggered by any 9.4 code, but this is a publicly visible routine, and so the error could be exercised by third party code, therefore backpatch to 9.4. Bug report from Peter Geoghegan, fix by me.
* Additional functions and operators for jsonbAndrew Dunstan2015-05-12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | jsonb_pretty(jsonb) produces nicely indented json output. jsonb || jsonb concatenates two jsonb values. jsonb - text removes a key and its associated value from the json jsonb - int removes the designated array element jsonb - text[] removes a key and associated value or array element at the designated path jsonb_replace(jsonb,text[],jsonb) replaces the array element designated by the path or the value associated with the key designated by the path with the given value. Original work by Dmitry Dolgov, adapted and reworked for PostgreSQL core by Andrew Dunstan, reviewed and tidied up by Petr Jelinek.
* Use FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER in a bunch more places.Tom Lane2015-02-20
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Replace some bogus "x[1]" declarations with "x[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER]". Aside from being more self-documenting, this should help prevent bogus warnings from static code analyzers and perhaps compiler misoptimizations. This patch is just a down payment on eliminating the whole problem, but it gets rid of a lot of easy-to-fix cases. Note that the main problem with doing this is that one must no longer rely on computing sizeof(the containing struct), since the result would be compiler-dependent. Instead use offsetof(struct, lastfield). Autoconf also warns against spelling that offsetof(struct, lastfield[0]). Michael Paquier, review and additional fixes by me.
* Update copyright for 2015Bruce Momjian2015-01-06
| | | | Backpatch certain files through 9.0
* Add several generator functions for jsonb that exist for json.Andrew Dunstan2014-12-12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The functions are: to_jsonb() jsonb_object() jsonb_build_object() jsonb_build_array() jsonb_agg() jsonb_object_agg() Also along the way some better logic is implemented in json_categorize_type() to match that in the newly implemented jsonb_categorize_type(). Andrew Dunstan, reviewed by Pavel Stehule and Alvaro Herrera.
* Change JSONB's on-disk format for improved performance.Tom Lane2014-09-29
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The original design used an array of offsets into the variable-length portion of a JSONB container. However, such an array is basically uncompressible by simple compression techniques such as TOAST's LZ compressor. That's bad enough, but because the offset array is at the front, it tended to trigger the give-up-after-1KB heuristic in the TOAST code, so that the entire JSONB object was stored uncompressed; which was the root cause of bug #11109 from Larry White. To fix without losing the ability to extract a random array element in O(1) time, change this scheme so that most of the JEntry array elements hold lengths rather than offsets. With data that's compressible at all, there tend to be fewer distinct element lengths, so that there is scope for compression of the JEntry array. Every N'th entry is still an offset. To determine the length or offset of any specific element, we might have to examine up to N preceding JEntrys, but that's still O(1) so far as the total container size is concerned. Testing shows that this cost is negligible compared to other costs of accessing a JSONB field, and that the method does largely fix the incompressible-data problem. While at it, rearrange the order of elements in a JSONB object so that it's "all the keys, then all the values" not alternating keys and values. This doesn't really make much difference right at the moment, but it will allow providing a fast path for extracting individual object fields from large JSONB values stored EXTERNAL (ie, uncompressed), analogously to the existing optimization for substring extraction from large EXTERNAL text values. Bump catversion to denote the incompatibility in on-disk format. We will need to fix pg_upgrade to disallow upgrading jsonb data stored with 9.4 betas 1 and 2. Heikki Linnakangas and Tom Lane
* Remove remnants of a JENTRY_ISFIRST flag bit.Heikki Linnakangas2014-08-15
| | | | I removed the flag earlier, but missed a few references in jsonb.h.
* Fix typo in comment.Fujii Masao2014-05-22
| | | | Erik Rijkers
* Rename jsonb_hash_ops to jsonb_path_ops.Tom Lane2014-05-11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | There's no longer much pressure to switch the default GIN opclass for jsonb, but there was still some unhappiness with the name "jsonb_hash_ops", since hashing is no longer a distinguishing property of that opclass, and anyway it seems like a relatively minor detail. At the suggestion of Heikki Linnakangas, we'll use "jsonb_path_ops" instead; that captures the important characteristic that each index entry depends on the entire path from the document root to the indexed value. Also add a user-facing explanation of the implementation properties of these two opclasses.
* More jsonb cleanup.Heikki Linnakangas2014-05-09
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fix JSONB_MAX_ELEMS and JSONB_MAX_PAIRS macros to use CB_MASK in the calculation. JENTRY_POSMASK happens to have the same value at the moment, but that's just coincidental. Refactor jsonb iterator functions, for readability. Get rid of the JENTRY_ISFIRST flag. Whenever we handle JEntrys, we have access to the whole array and have enough context information to know which entry is the first. This frees up one bit in the JEntry header for future use. While we're at it, shuffle the JEntry bits so that boolean true and false go together, for aesthetic reasons. Bump catalog version as this changes the on-disk format slightly.
* Improve key representation for GIN jsonb_ops, and fix existence-search bug.Tom Lane2014-05-09
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Change the key representation so that values that would exceed 127 bytes are hashed into short strings, and so that the original JSON datatype of each value is recorded in the index. The hashing rule eliminates the major objection to having this opclass be the default for jsonb, namely that it could fail for plausible input data (due to GIN's restrictions on maximum key length). Preserving datatype information doesn't really buy us much right now, but it requires no extra space compared to the previous way, and it might be useful later. Also, change the consistency-checking functions to request recheck for exists (jsonb ? text) and related operators. The original analysis that this is an exactly checkable query was incorrect, since the index does not preserve information about whether a key appears at top level in the indexed JSON object. Add a test case demonstrating the problem. Make some other, mostly cosmetic improvements to the code in jsonb_gin.c as well. catversion bump due to on-disk data format change in jsonb_ops indexes.
* Clean up jsonb code.Heikki Linnakangas2014-05-07
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The main target of this cleanup is the convertJsonb() function, but I also touched a lot of other things that I spotted into in the process. The new convertToJsonb() function uses an output buffer that's resized on demand, so the code to estimate of the size of JsonbValue is removed. The on-disk format was not changed, even though I refactored the structs used to handle it. The term "superheader" is replaced with "container". The jsonb_exists_any and jsonb_exists_all functions no longer sort the input array. That was a premature optimization, the idea being that if there are duplicates in the input array, you only need to check them once. Also, sorting the array saves some effort in the binary search used to find a key within an object. But there were drawbacks too: the sorting and deduplicating obviously isn't free, and in the typical case there are no duplicates to remove, and the gain in the binary search was minimal. Remove all that, which makes the code simpler too. This includes a bug-fix; the total length of the elements in a jsonb array or object mustn't exceed 2^28. That is now checked.
* pgindent run for 9.4Bruce Momjian2014-05-06
| | | | | This includes removing tabs after periods in C comments, which was applied to back branches, so this change should not effect backpatching.
* De-anonymize the union in JsonbValue.Tom Lane2014-04-02
| | | | Needed for strict C89 compliance.
* Introduce jsonb, a structured format for storing json.Andrew Dunstan2014-03-23
The new format accepts exactly the same data as the json type. However, it is stored in a format that does not require reparsing the orgiginal text in order to process it, making it much more suitable for indexing and other operations. Insignificant whitespace is discarded, and the order of object keys is not preserved. Neither are duplicate object keys kept - the later value for a given key is the only one stored. The new type has all the functions and operators that the json type has, with the exception of the json generation functions (to_json, json_agg etc.) and with identical semantics. In addition, there are operator classes for hash and btree indexing, and two classes for GIN indexing, that have no equivalent in the json type. This feature grew out of previous work by Oleg Bartunov and Teodor Sigaev, which was intended to provide similar facilities to a nested hstore type, but which in the end proved to have some significant compatibility issues. Authors: Oleg Bartunov, Teodor Sigaev, Peter Geoghegan and Andrew Dunstan. Review: Andres Freund
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