/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * ilist.h
 *		integrated/inline doubly- and singly-linked lists
 *
 * This implementation is as efficient as possible: the lists don't have
 * any memory management overhead, because the list pointers are embedded
 * within some larger structure.
 *
 * There are two kinds of empty doubly linked lists: those that have been
 * initialized to NULL, and those that have been initialized to circularity.
 * The second kind is useful for tight optimization, because there are some
 * operations that can be done without branches (and thus faster) on lists that
 * have been initialized to circularity.  Most users don't care all that much,
 * and so can skip the initialization step until really required.
 *
 * NOTES
 *		This is intended to be used in situations where memory for a struct and
 *		its contents already needs to be allocated and the overhead of
 *		allocating extra list cells for every list element is noticeable.  Thus,
 *		none of the functions here allocate any memory; they just manipulate
 *		externally managed memory.	The API for singly/doubly linked lists is
 *		identical as far as capabilities of both allow.
 *
 * EXAMPLES
 *
 * Here's a simple example demonstrating how this can be used.  Let's assume we
 * want to store information about the tables contained in a database.
 *
 * #include "lib/ilist.h"
 *
 * // Define struct for the databases including a list header that will be used
 * // to access the nodes in the list later on.
 * typedef struct my_database
 * {
 *		char	   *datname;
 *		dlist_head	tables;
 *		// ...
 * } my_database;
 *
 * // Define struct for the tables. Note the list_node element which stores
 * // information about prev/next list nodes.
 * typedef struct my_table
 * {
 *		char	   *tablename;
 *		dlist_node	list_node;
 *		perm_t		permissions;
 *		// ...
 * } my_table;
 *
 * // create a database
 * my_database *db = create_database();
 *
 * // and add a few tables to its table list
 * dlist_push_head(&db->tables, &create_table(db, "a")->list_node);
 * ...
 * dlist_push_head(&db->tables, &create_table(db, "b")->list_node);
 *
 *
 * To iterate over the table list, we allocate an iterator element and use
 * a specialized looping construct.  Inside a dlist_foreach, the iterator's
 * 'cur' field can be used to access the current element.  iter.cur points to a
 * 'dlist_node', but most of the time what we want is the actual table
 * information; dlist_container() gives us that, like so:
 *
 * dlist_iter	iter;
 * dlist_foreach(iter, &db->tables)
 * {
 *		my_table   *tbl = dlist_container(my_table, list_node, iter.cur);
 *		printf("we have a table: %s in database %s\n",
 *			   tbl->tablename, db->datname);
 * }
 *
 *
 * While a simple iteration is useful, we sometimes also want to manipulate
 * the list while iterating.  There is a different iterator element and looping
 * construct for that.	Suppose we want to delete tables that meet a certain
 * criterion:
 *
 * dlist_mutable_iter miter;
 * dlist_foreach_modify(miter, &db->tables)
 * {
 *		my_table   *tbl = dlist_container(my_table, list_node, miter.cur);
 *
 *		if (!tbl->to_be_deleted)
 *			continue;		// don't touch this one
 *
 *		// unlink the current table from the linked list
 *		dlist_delete(&db->tables, miter.cur);
 *		// as these lists never manage memory, we can freely access the table
 *		// after it's been deleted
 *		drop_table(db, tbl);
 * }
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2012, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *		src/include/lib/ilist.h
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#ifndef ILIST_H
#define ILIST_H

/*
 * Enable for extra debugging. This is rather expensive, so it's not enabled by
 * default even when USE_ASSERT_CHECKING.
 */
/* #define ILIST_DEBUG */

/*
 * Node of a doubly linked list.
 *
 * Embed this in structs that need to be part of a doubly linked list.
 */
typedef struct dlist_node dlist_node;
struct dlist_node
{
	dlist_node *prev;
	dlist_node *next;
};

/*
 * Head of a doubly linked list.
 *
 * Non-empty lists are internally circularly linked.  Circular lists have the
 * advantage of not needing any branches in the most common list manipulations.
 * An empty list can also be represented as a pair of NULL pointers, making
 * initialization easier.
 */
typedef struct dlist_head
{
	/*
	 * head->next either points to the first element of the list; to &head if
	 * it's a circular empty list; or to NULL if empty and not circular.
	 *
	 * head->prev either points to the last element of the list; to &head if
	 * it's a circular empty list; or to NULL if empty and not circular.
	 */
	dlist_node	head;
} dlist_head;


/*
 * Doubly linked list iterator.
 *
 * Used as state in dlist_foreach() and dlist_reverse_foreach(). To get the
 * current element of the iteration use the 'cur' member.
 *
 * Iterations using this are *not* allowed to change the list while iterating!
 *
 * NB: We use an extra type for this to make it possible to avoid multiple
 * evaluations of arguments in the dlist_foreach() macro.
 */
typedef struct dlist_iter
{
	dlist_node *end;			/* last node we iterate to */
	dlist_node *cur;			/* current element */
} dlist_iter;

/*
 * Doubly linked list iterator allowing some modifications while iterating
 *
 * Used as state in dlist_foreach_modify(). To get the current element of the
 * iteration use the 'cur' member.
 *
 * Iterations using this are only allowed to change the list at the current
 * point of iteration. It is fine to delete the current node, but it is *not*
 * fine to modify other nodes.
 *
 * NB: We need a separate type for mutable iterations to avoid having to pass
 * in two iterators or some other state variable as we need to store the
 * '->next' node of the current node so it can be deleted or modified by the
 * user.
 */
typedef struct dlist_mutable_iter
{
	dlist_node *end;			/* last node we iterate to */
	dlist_node *cur;			/* current element */
	dlist_node *next;			/* next node we iterate to, so we can delete
								 * cur */
} dlist_mutable_iter;

/*
 * Node of a singly linked list.
 *
 * Embed this in structs that need to be part of a singly linked list.
 */
typedef struct slist_node slist_node;
struct slist_node
{
	slist_node *next;
};

/*
 * Head of a singly linked list.
 *
 * Singly linked lists are not circularly linked, in contrast to doubly linked
 * lists. As no pointer to the last list element and to the previous node needs
 * to be maintained this doesn't incur any additional branches in the usual
 * manipulations.
 */
typedef struct slist_head
{
	slist_node	head;
} slist_head;

/*
 * Singly linked list iterator
 *
 * Used in slist_foreach(). To get the current element of the iteration use the
 * 'cur' member.
 *
 * Do *not* manipulate the list while iterating!
 *
 * NB: this wouldn't really need to be an extra struct, we could use a
 * slist_node * directly. We still use a separate type for consistency.
 */
typedef struct slist_iter
{
	slist_node *cur;
} slist_iter;

/*
 * Singly linked list iterator allowing some modifications while iterating
 *
 * Used in slist_foreach_modify.
 *
 * Iterations using this are allowed to remove the current node and to add more
 * nodes to the beginning of the list.
 */
typedef struct slist_mutable_iter
{
	slist_node *cur;
	slist_node *next;
} slist_mutable_iter;


/* Prototypes for functions too big to be inline */

/* Attention: O(n) */
extern void slist_delete(slist_head *head, slist_node *node);

#ifdef ILIST_DEBUG
extern void dlist_check(dlist_head *head);
extern void slist_check(slist_head *head);
#else
/*
 * These seemingly useless casts to void are here to keep the compiler quiet
 * about the argument being unused in many functions in a non-debug compile,
 * in which functions the only point of passing the list head pointer is to be
 * able to run these checks.
 */
#define dlist_check(head)	(void) (head)
#define slist_check(head)	(void) (head)
#endif   /* ILIST_DEBUG */

/* Static initializers */
#define DLIST_STATIC_INIT(name) {{&name.head, &name.head}}
#define SLIST_STATIC_INIT(name) {{NULL}}


/*
 * We want the functions below to be inline; but if the compiler doesn't
 * support that, fall back on providing them as regular functions.	See
 * STATIC_IF_INLINE in c.h.
 */
#ifndef PG_USE_INLINE
extern void dlist_init(dlist_head *head);
extern bool dlist_is_empty(dlist_head *head);
extern void dlist_push_head(dlist_head *head, dlist_node *node);
extern void dlist_push_tail(dlist_head *head, dlist_node *node);
extern void dlist_insert_after(dlist_head *head,
				   dlist_node *after, dlist_node *node);
extern void dlist_insert_before(dlist_head *head,
					dlist_node *before, dlist_node *node);
extern void dlist_delete(dlist_head *head, dlist_node *node);
extern dlist_node *dlist_pop_head_node(dlist_head *head);
extern void dlist_move_head(dlist_head *head, dlist_node *node);
extern bool dlist_has_next(dlist_head *head, dlist_node *node);
extern bool dlist_has_prev(dlist_head *head, dlist_node *node);
extern dlist_node *dlist_next_node(dlist_head *head, dlist_node *node);
extern dlist_node *dlist_prev_node(dlist_head *head, dlist_node *node);
extern dlist_node *dlist_head_node(dlist_head *head);
extern dlist_node *dlist_tail_node(dlist_head *head);

/* dlist macro support functions */
extern void *dlist_tail_element_off(dlist_head *head, size_t off);
extern void *dlist_head_element_off(dlist_head *head, size_t off);
#endif   /* !PG_USE_INLINE */

#if defined(PG_USE_INLINE) || defined(ILIST_INCLUDE_DEFINITIONS)
/*
 * Initialize the head of a list. Previous state will be thrown away without
 * any cleanup.
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE void
dlist_init(dlist_head *head)
{
	head->head.next = head->head.prev = &head->head;

	dlist_check(head);
}

/*
 * Insert a node at the beginning of the list.
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE void
dlist_push_head(dlist_head *head, dlist_node *node)
{
	if (head->head.next == NULL)
		dlist_init(head);

	node->next = head->head.next;
	node->prev = &head->head;
	node->next->prev = node;
	head->head.next = node;

	dlist_check(head);
}

/*
 * Inserts a node at the end of the list.
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE void
dlist_push_tail(dlist_head *head, dlist_node *node)
{
	if (head->head.next == NULL)
		dlist_init(head);

	node->next = &head->head;
	node->prev = head->head.prev;
	node->prev->next = node;
	head->head.prev = node;

	dlist_check(head);
}

/*
 * Insert a node after another *in the same list*
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE void
dlist_insert_after(dlist_head *head, dlist_node *after, dlist_node *node)
{
	dlist_check(head);
	/* XXX: assert 'after' is in 'head'? */

	node->prev = after;
	node->next = after->next;
	after->next = node;
	node->next->prev = node;

	dlist_check(head);
}

/*
 * Insert a node before another *in the same list*
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE void
dlist_insert_before(dlist_head *head, dlist_node *before, dlist_node *node)
{
	dlist_check(head);
	/* XXX: assert 'before' is in 'head'? */

	node->prev = before->prev;
	node->next = before;
	before->prev = node;
	node->prev->next = node;

	dlist_check(head);
}

/*
 * Delete 'node' from list.
 *
 * It is not allowed to delete a 'node' which is is not in the list 'head'
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE void
dlist_delete(dlist_head *head, dlist_node *node)
{
	dlist_check(head);

	node->prev->next = node->next;
	node->next->prev = node->prev;

	dlist_check(head);
}

/*
 * Delete and return the first node from a list.
 *
 * Undefined behaviour when the list is empty.	Check with dlist_is_empty if
 * necessary.
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE dlist_node *
dlist_pop_head_node(dlist_head *head)
{
	dlist_node *ret;

	Assert(&head->head != head->head.next);

	ret = head->head.next;
	dlist_delete(head, head->head.next);
	return ret;
}

/*
 * Move element from its current position in the list to the head position in
 * the same list.
 *
 * Undefined behaviour if 'node' is not already part of the list.
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE void
dlist_move_head(dlist_head *head, dlist_node *node)
{
	/* fast path if it's already at the head */
	if (head->head.next == node)
		return;

	dlist_delete(head, node);
	dlist_push_head(head, node);

	dlist_check(head);
}

/*
 * Check whether the passed node is the last element in the list.
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE bool
dlist_has_next(dlist_head *head, dlist_node *node)
{
	return node->next != &head->head;
}

/*
 * Check whether the passed node is the first element in the list.
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE bool
dlist_has_prev(dlist_head *head, dlist_node *node)
{
	return node->prev != &head->head;
}

/*
 * Return the next node in the list.
 *
 * Undefined behaviour when no next node exists.  Use dlist_has_next to make
 * sure.
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE dlist_node *
dlist_next_node(dlist_head *head, dlist_node *node)
{
	Assert(dlist_has_next(head, node));
	return node->next;
}

/*
 * Return previous node in the list.
 *
 * Undefined behaviour when no prev node exists.  Use dlist_has_prev to make
 * sure.
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE dlist_node *
dlist_prev_node(dlist_head *head, dlist_node *node)
{
	Assert(dlist_has_prev(head, node));
	return node->prev;
}

/*
 * Return whether the list is empty.
 *
 * An empty list has either its first 'next' pointer set to NULL, or to itself.
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE bool
dlist_is_empty(dlist_head *head)
{
	dlist_check(head);

	return head->head.next == NULL || head->head.next == &(head->head);
}

/* internal support function */
STATIC_IF_INLINE void *
dlist_head_element_off(dlist_head *head, size_t off)
{
	Assert(!dlist_is_empty(head));
	return (char *) head->head.next - off;
}

/*
 * Return the first node in the list.
 *
 * Use dlist_is_empty to make sure the list is not empty if not sure.
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE dlist_node *
dlist_head_node(dlist_head *head)
{
	return dlist_head_element_off(head, 0);
}

/* internal support function */
STATIC_IF_INLINE void *
dlist_tail_element_off(dlist_head *head, size_t off)
{
	Assert(!dlist_is_empty(head));
	return (char *) head->head.prev - off;
}

/*
 * Return the last node in the list.
 *
 * Use dlist_is_empty to make sure the list is not empty if not sure.
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE dlist_node *
dlist_tail_node(dlist_head *head)
{
	return dlist_tail_element_off(head, 0);
}
#endif   /* PG_USE_INLINE || ILIST_INCLUDE_DEFINITIONS */

/*
 * Return the containing struct of 'type' where 'membername' is the dlist_node
 * pointed at by 'ptr'.
 *
 * This is used to convert a dlist_node * back to its containing struct.
 *
 * Note that AssertVariableIsOfTypeMacro is a compile-time only check, so we
 * don't have multiple evaluation dangers here.
 */
#define dlist_container(type, membername, ptr)								\
	(AssertVariableIsOfTypeMacro(ptr, dlist_node *),						\
	 AssertVariableIsOfTypeMacro(((type *) NULL)->membername, dlist_node),	\
	 ((type *)((char *)(ptr) - offsetof(type, membername))))

/*
 * Return the value of first element in the list.
 *
 * The list must not be empty.
 *
 * Note that AssertVariableIsOfTypeMacro is a compile-time only check, so we
 * don't have multiple evaluation dangers here.
 */
#define dlist_head_element(type, membername, ptr)							\
	(AssertVariableIsOfTypeMacro(((type *) NULL)->membername, dlist_node),	\
	 ((type *)dlist_head_element_off(ptr, offsetof(type, membername))))

/*
 * Return the value of first element in the list.
 *
 * The list must not be empty.
 *
 * Note that AssertVariableIsOfTypeMacro is a compile-time only check, so we
 * don't have multiple evaluation dangers here.
 */
#define dlist_tail_element(type, membername, ptr)							\
	(AssertVariableIsOfTypeMacro(((type *) NULL)->membername, dlist_node),	\
	 ((type *)dlist_tail_element_off(ptr, offsetof(type, membername))))

/*
 * Iterate through the list pointed at by 'ptr' storing the state in 'iter'.
 *
 * Access the current element with iter.cur.
 *
 * It is *not* allowed to manipulate the list during iteration.
 */
#define dlist_foreach(iter, ptr)											\
	AssertVariableIsOfType(iter, dlist_iter);								\
	AssertVariableIsOfType(ptr, dlist_head *);								\
	for (iter.end = &(ptr)->head,											\
		 	iter.cur = iter.end->next ? iter.end->next : iter.end;			\
		 iter.cur != iter.end;												\
		 iter.cur = iter.cur->next)

/*
 * Iterate through the list pointed at by 'ptr' storing the state in 'iter'.
 *
 * Access the current element with iter.cur.
 *
 * It is allowed to delete the current element from the list. Every other
 * manipulation can lead to corruption.
 */
#define dlist_foreach_modify(iter, ptr)										\
	AssertVariableIsOfType(iter, dlist_mutable_iter);						\
	AssertVariableIsOfType(ptr, dlist_head *);								\
	for (iter.end = &(ptr)->head,											\
			 iter.cur = iter.end->next ? iter.end->next : iter.end,			\
			 iter.next = iter.cur->next;									\
		 iter.cur != iter.end;												\
		 iter.cur = iter.next, iter.next = iter.cur->next)

/*
 * Iterate through the list in reverse order.
 *
 * It is *not* allowed to manipulate the list during iteration.
 */
#define dlist_reverse_foreach(iter, ptr)									\
	AssertVariableIsOfType(iter, dlist_iter);								\
	AssertVariableIsOfType(ptr, dlist_head *);								\
	for (iter.end = &(ptr)->head,											\
			 iter.cur = iter.end->prev ? iter.end->prev : iter.end;			\
		 iter.cur != iter.end;												\
		 iter.cur = iter.cur->prev)


/*
 * We want the functions below to be inline; but if the compiler doesn't
 * support that, fall back on providing them as regular functions.	See
 * STATIC_IF_INLINE in c.h.
 */
#ifndef PG_USE_INLINE
extern void slist_init(slist_head *head);
extern bool slist_is_empty(slist_head *head);
extern slist_node *slist_head_node(slist_head *head);
extern void slist_push_head(slist_head *head, slist_node *node);
extern slist_node *slist_pop_head_node(slist_head *head);
extern void slist_insert_after(slist_head *head,
				   slist_node *after, slist_node *node);
extern bool slist_has_next(slist_head *head, slist_node *node);
extern slist_node *slist_next_node(slist_head *head, slist_node *node);

/* slist macro support function */
extern void *slist_head_element_off(slist_head *head, size_t off);
#endif

#if defined(PG_USE_INLINE) || defined(ILIST_INCLUDE_DEFINITIONS)
/*
 * Initialize a singly linked list.
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE void
slist_init(slist_head *head)
{
	head->head.next = NULL;

	slist_check(head);
}

/*
 * Is the list empty?
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE bool
slist_is_empty(slist_head *head)
{
	slist_check(head);

	return head->head.next == NULL;
}

/* internal support function */
STATIC_IF_INLINE void *
slist_head_element_off(slist_head *head, size_t off)
{
	Assert(!slist_is_empty(head));
	return (char *) head->head.next - off;
}

/*
 * Push 'node' as the new first node in the list, pushing the original head to
 * the second position.
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE void
slist_push_head(slist_head *head, slist_node *node)
{
	node->next = head->head.next;
	head->head.next = node;

	slist_check(head);
}

/*
 * Remove and return the first node in the list
 *
 * Undefined behaviour if the list is empty.
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE slist_node *
slist_pop_head_node(slist_head *head)
{
	slist_node *node;

	Assert(!slist_is_empty(head));

	node = head->head.next;
	head->head.next = head->head.next->next;

	slist_check(head);

	return node;
}

/*
 * Insert a new node after another one
 *
 * Undefined behaviour if 'after' is not part of the list already.
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE void
slist_insert_after(slist_head *head, slist_node *after,
				   slist_node *node)
{
	node->next = after->next;
	after->next = node;

	slist_check(head);
}

/*
 * Return whether 'node' has a following node
 */
STATIC_IF_INLINE bool
slist_has_next(slist_head *head,
			   slist_node *node)
{
	slist_check(head);

	return node->next != NULL;
}
#endif   /* PG_USE_INLINE || ILIST_INCLUDE_DEFINITIONS */

/*
 * Return the containing struct of 'type' where 'membername' is the slist_node
 * pointed at by 'ptr'.
 *
 * This is used to convert a slist_node * back to its containing struct.
 *
 * Note that AssertVariableIsOfTypeMacro is a compile-time only check, so we
 * don't have multiple evaluation dangers here.
 */
#define slist_container(type, membername, ptr)								\
	(AssertVariableIsOfTypeMacro(ptr, slist_node *),						\
	 AssertVariableIsOfTypeMacro(((type *) NULL)->membername, slist_node),	\
	 ((type *)((char *)(ptr) - offsetof(type, membername))))

/*
 * Return the value of first element in the list.
 */
#define slist_head_element(type, membername, ptr)							\
	(AssertVariableIsOfTypeMacro(((type *) NULL)->membername, slist_node),	\
	 slist_head_element_off(ptr, offsetoff(type, membername)))

/*
 * Iterate through the list 'ptr' using the iterator 'iter'.
 *
 * It is *not* allowed to manipulate the list during iteration.
 */
#define slist_foreach(iter, ptr)											\
	AssertVariableIsOfType(iter, slist_iter);								\
	AssertVariableIsOfType(ptr, slist_head *);								\
	for (iter.cur = (ptr)->head.next;										\
		 iter.cur != NULL;													\
		 iter.cur = iter.cur->next)

/*
 * Iterate through the list 'ptr' using the iterator 'iter' allowing some
 * modifications.
 *
 * It is allowed to delete the current element from the list and add new nodes
 * before the current position. Other manipulations can lead to corruption.
 */
#define slist_foreach_modify(iter, ptr)										\
	AssertVariableIsOfType(iter, slist_mutable_iter);						\
	AssertVariableIsOfType(ptr, slist_head *);								\
	for (iter.cur = (ptr)->head.next,										\
			 iter.next = iter.cur ? iter.cur->next : NULL;					\
		iter.cur != NULL;													\
		iter.cur = iter.next,												\
			 iter.next = iter.next ? iter.next->next : NULL)

#endif   /* ILIST_H */