-- -- STRINGS -- Test various data entry syntaxes. -- -- SQL92 string continuation syntax SELECT 'first line' ' - next line' ' - third line' AS "Three lines to one"; Three lines to one ------------------------------------- first line - next line - third line (1 row) -- illegal string continuation syntax SELECT 'first line' ' - next line' /* this comment is not allowed here */ ' - third line' AS "Illegal comment within continuation"; ERROR: parser: parse error at or near "'" -- -- test conversions between various string types -- SELECT CAST(f1 AS text) AS "text(char)" FROM CHAR_TBL; text(char) ------------ a ab abcd abcd (4 rows) SELECT CAST(f1 AS text) AS "text(varchar)" FROM VARCHAR_TBL; text(varchar) --------------- a ab abcd abcd (4 rows) SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS text) AS "text(name)"; text(name) ------------ namefield (1 row) SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(10)) AS "char(text)" FROM TEXT_TBL; char(text) ------------ doh! hi de ho n (2 rows) SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(10)) AS "char(varchar)" FROM VARCHAR_TBL; char(varchar) --------------- a ab abcd abcd (4 rows) SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS char(10)) AS "char(name)"; char(name) ------------ namefield (1 row) SELECT CAST(f1 AS varchar) AS "varchar(text)" FROM TEXT_TBL; varchar(text) ------------------- doh! hi de ho neighbor (2 rows) SELECT CAST(f1 AS varchar) AS "varchar(char)" FROM CHAR_TBL; varchar(char) --------------- a ab abcd abcd (4 rows) SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS varchar) AS "varchar(name)"; varchar(name) --------------- namefield (1 row) -- -- test SQL92 string functions -- SELECT TRIM(BOTH FROM ' bunch o blanks ') = 'bunch o blanks' AS "bunch o blanks"; bunch o blanks ---------------- t (1 row) SELECT TRIM(LEADING FROM ' bunch o blanks ') = 'bunch o blanks ' AS "bunch o blanks "; bunch o blanks ------------------ t (1 row) SELECT TRIM(TRAILING FROM ' bunch o blanks ') = ' bunch o blanks' AS " bunch o blanks"; bunch o blanks ------------------ t (1 row) SELECT TRIM(BOTH 'x' FROM 'xxxxxsome Xsxxxxx') = 'some Xs' AS "some Xs"; some Xs --------- t (1 row) SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890' FROM 3) = '34567890' AS "34567890"; 34567890 ---------- t (1 row) SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890' FROM 4 FOR 3) = '456' AS "456"; 456 ----- t (1 row) SELECT POSITION('4' IN '1234567890') = '4' AS "4"; 4 --- t (1 row) SELECT POSITION(5 IN '1234567890') = '5' AS "5"; 5 --- t (1 row) -- -- test LIKE -- Be sure to form every test as a LIKE/NOT LIKE pair. -- -- simplest examples SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'H%' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'H%' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'indio%' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'indio%' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%eye' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%eye' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'indio' LIKE '_ndio' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE '_ndio' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'in__o' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'in__o' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'in_o' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'in_o' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) -- unused escape character SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'ind_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'ind_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) -- escape character SELECT 'h%' LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'h%' NOT LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'h%wkeye' LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'h%wkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'h%wkeye' LIKE 'h#%%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'h%wkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'h%awkeye' LIKE 'h#%a%k%e' ESCAPE '#' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'h%awkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%a%k%e' ESCAPE '#' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'indio' LIKE '_ndio' ESCAPE '$' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE '_ndio' ESCAPE '$' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_d_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_d_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_nd_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_nd_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_d%o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_d%o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) -- escape character same as pattern character SELECT 'maca' LIKE 'm%aca' ESCAPE '%' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'maca' NOT LIKE 'm%aca' ESCAPE '%' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'ma%a' LIKE 'm%a%%a' ESCAPE '%' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'ma%a' NOT LIKE 'm%a%%a' ESCAPE '%' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'bear' LIKE 'b_ear' ESCAPE '_' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'bear' NOT LIKE 'b_ear' ESCAPE '_' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'be_r' LIKE 'b_e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'be_r' NOT LIKE 'b_e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'be_r' LIKE '__e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'be_r' NOT LIKE '__e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) -- -- test ILIKE (case-insensitive LIKE) -- Be sure to form every test as an ILIKE/NOT ILIKE pair. -- SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'h%' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'h%' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'H%' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'H%' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'H%Eye' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'H%Eye' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) SELECT 'Hawkeye' ILIKE 'h%' AS "true"; true ------ t (1 row) SELECT 'Hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'h%' AS "false"; false ------- f (1 row) -- -- test implicit type conversion -- SELECT 'unknown' || ' and unknown' AS "Concat unknown types"; Concat unknown types ---------------------- unknown and unknown (1 row) SELECT text 'text' || ' and unknown' AS "Concat text to unknown type"; Concat text to unknown type ----------------------------- text and unknown (1 row) SELECT text 'text' || char(10) ' and characters' AS "Concat text to char"; Concat text to char --------------------- text and chara (1 row) SELECT text 'text' || varchar ' and varchar' AS "Concat text to varchar"; Concat text to varchar ------------------------ text and varchar (1 row)