diff options
| author | Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net> | 2001-01-06 11:58:56 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net> | 2001-01-06 11:58:56 +0000 |
| commit | 3942ee389c55ecd3b9984bfc2dcf9ca30c39bf36 (patch) | |
| tree | 89e16ccb0af57f4a481f832709bfdc175da3c45e | |
| parent | 3ff76734f6cc96cf378a1f1e847ed3bb4722330c (diff) | |
| download | postgresql-3942ee389c55ecd3b9984bfc2dcf9ca30c39bf36.tar.gz postgresql-3942ee389c55ecd3b9984bfc2dcf9ca30c39bf36.zip | |
Update section on SQL syntax. (Still a lot to be done though.) Add
appendix with comprehensive list of key words.
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/src/sgml/datetime.sgml | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/src/sgml/keywords.sgml | 3163 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/src/sgml/syntax.sgml | 934 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/src/sgml/user.sgml | 3 |
5 files changed, 3625 insertions, 482 deletions
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/datetime.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/datetime.sgml index 5244f353b80..5a035db4b46 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/datetime.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/datetime.sgml @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ <!-- -$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/datetime.sgml,v 2.15 2000/12/22 21:51:57 petere Exp $ +$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/datetime.sgml,v 2.16 2001/01/06 11:58:55 petere Exp $ Date/time details --> -<appendix label="UG1" id="datetime-appendix"> +<appendix id="datetime-appendix"> <title id="datetime-appendix-title">Date/Time Support</title> <sect1 id="timezones"> diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml index 8458ae7275f..799f517144f 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -<!-- $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml,v 1.3 2000/12/16 02:29:36 tgl Exp $ --> +<!-- $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml,v 1.4 2001/01/06 11:58:56 petere Exp $ --> <!entity about SYSTEM "about.sgml"> <!entity history SYSTEM "history.sgml"> @@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ <!entity storage SYSTEM "storage.sgml"> <!entity syntax SYSTEM "syntax.sgml"> <!entity typeconv SYSTEM "typeconv.sgml"> +<!entity keywords SYSTEM "keywords.sgml"> <!-- reference pages --> <!entity % allfiles SYSTEM "ref/allfiles.sgml"> diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/keywords.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/keywords.sgml new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3ee3b93e39c --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/src/sgml/keywords.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,3163 @@ +<appendix id="sql-keywords-appendix"> + <title><acronym>SQL</acronym> Key Words</title> + + <para> + <xref linkend="keywords-table"> lists all tokens that are key words + in the SQL standard and in <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> + &version;. Background information can be found in <xref + linkend="sql-syntax-identifiers">. + </para> + + <para> + SQL distinguishes between <firstterm>reserved</firstterm> and + <firstterm>non-reserved</firstterm> key words. Reserved key words + are the only real key words; they are never allowed as identifiers. + Non-reserved key words only have a special meaning in particular + contexts and can be used as identifiers in other contexts. Most + non-reserved key words are actually the names of built-in tables + and functions specified by SQL and the concept of non-reserved key + words essentially only exists to declare that some predefined meaning + is attached to a word in some contexts. + </para> + + <para> + In the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> parser life is a bit + more complicated. There are several different classes of tokens + ranging from those that can never be used as an identifier to those + that have absolutely no special status in the parser as compared to + an ordinary identifier. (The latter is usually the case for + functions specified by SQL.) Most SQL reserved key words are not + completely reserved in <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>, but + can be used as column label (as in <literal>SELECT 55 AS + CHECK</literal>, even though <token>CHECK</token> is a reserved key + word). + </para> + + <para> + In <xref linkend="keywords-table"> in the column for + <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> we classify as + <quote>non-reserved</quote> those key words that are explicitly + known to the parser but are allowed in most or all contexts where an + identifier is expected. Labeled <quote>reserved</quote> are those + tokens that are only allowed as <quote>AS</quote> column label names + (and perhaps in very few other contexts). The token + <token>AS</token> is the only exception: it cannot even be used as a + column label. As a general rule, if you get spurious parser errors + for commands that contain any of the listed key words as an + identifier you should try to quote the identifier to see if the + problem goes away. + </para> + + <para> + It is important to understand before studying <xref + linkend="keywords-table"> that the fact that a key word is not + reserved in <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> does not mean that + the feature related to the word is not implemented. Conversely, the + presence of a key word does not indicate the existence of a feature. + </para> + + +<!-- + The following table is semi-automatically generated. You can update it + manually, but when you have a lot of changes talk to <peter_e@gmx.net> + about remaking it. +--> + +<table id="keywords-table"> + <title><acronym>SQL</acronym> Key Words</title> + + <tgroup cols="4"> + <thead> + <row> + <entry>Key Word</entry> + <entry><productname>PostgreSQL</productname></entry> + <entry><acronym>SQL</acronym> 99</entry> + <entry><acronym>SQL</acronym> 92</entry> + </row> + </thead> + + <tbody> + <row> + <entry><token>ABORT</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ABS</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ABSOLUTE</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ACCESS</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ACTION</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ADA</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ADD</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ADMIN</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>AFTER</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>AGGREGATE</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ALIAS</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ALL</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ALLOCATE</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ALTER</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ANALYSE</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ANALYZE</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>AND</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ANY</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ARE</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ARRAY</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>AS</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ASC</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ASENSITIVE</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ASSERTION</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ASSIGNMENT</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ASYMMETRIC</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>AT</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ATOMIC</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>AUTHORIZATION</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>AVG</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>BACKWARD</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>BEFORE</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>BEGIN</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>BETWEEN</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>BINARY</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>BIT</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>BITVAR</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>BIT_LENGTH</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>BLOB</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>BOOLEAN</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>BOTH</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>BREADTH</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>BY</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>C</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CACHE</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CALL</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CALLED</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CARDINALITY</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CASCADE</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CASCADED</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CASE</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CAST</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CATALOG</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CATALOG_NAME</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CHAIN</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CHAR</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CHARACTER</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CHARACTERISTICS</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CHARACTER_LENGTH</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CHARACTER_SET_NAME</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CHAR_LENGTH</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CHECK</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CHECKED</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CHECKPOINT</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CLASS</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CLASS_ORIGIN</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CLOB</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CLOSE</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CLUSTER</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>COALESCE</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>COBOL</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>COLLATE</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>COLLATION</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>COLLATION_CATALOG</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>COLLATION_NAME</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>COLLATION_SCHEMA</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>COLUMN</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>COLUMN_NAME</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>COMMAND_FUNCTION</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>COMMAND_FUNCTION_CODE</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>COMMENT</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>COMMIT</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>COMMITTED</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>COMPLETION</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CONDITION_NUMBER</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CONNECT</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CONNECTION</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CONNECTION_NAME</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CONSTRAINT</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CONSTRAINTS</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CONSTRAINT_CATALOG</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CONSTRAINT_NAME</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CONSTRUCTOR</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CONTAINS</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CONTINUE</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CONVERT</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>COPY</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CORRESPONDING</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>COUNT</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CREATE</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CREATEDB</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CREATEUSER</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CROSS</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CUBE</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CURRENT</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CURRENT_DATE</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CURRENT_PATH</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CURRENT_ROLE</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CURRENT_TIME</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CURRENT_USER</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CURSOR</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CURSOR_NAME</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>CYCLE</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>DATA</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>DATABASE</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>DATE</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>DAY</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>DEALLOCATE</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>DEC</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>DECIMAL</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>DECLARE</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>DEFAULT</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>DEFERRABLE</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>DEFERRED</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>DEFINED</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>DEFINER</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>DELETE</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> 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<entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>OBJECT</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>OCTET_LENGTH</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>OF</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>OFF</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>OFFSET</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>OIDS</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>OLD</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ON</token></entry> 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<entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>OWNER</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>PAD</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>PARAMETER</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>PARAMETERS</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>PARAMETER_MODE</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>PARAMETER_NAME</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>PARAMETER_ORDINAL_POSITION</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_CATALOG</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_NAME</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_SCHEMA</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>PARTIAL</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>PASCAL</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>PASSWORD</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>PATH</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>PENDANT</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + 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<entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>SYSTEM_USER</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TABLE</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TABLE_NAME</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TEMP</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TEMPLATE</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TEMPORARY</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TERMINATE</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>THAN</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>THEN</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TIME</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TIMESTAMP</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TIMEZONE_HOUR</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TIMEZONE_MINUTE</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TO</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TOAST</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TRAILING</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TRANSACTION</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TRANSACTIONS_COMMITTED</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TRANSACTIONS_ROLLED_BACK</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TRANSACTION_ACTIVE</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TRANSFORM</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TRANSFORMS</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TRANSLATE</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TRANSLATION</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TREAT</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TRIGGER</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TRIGGER_CATALOG</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TRIGGER_NAME</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TRIGGER_SCHEMA</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TRIM</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TRUE</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TRUNCATE</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TRUSTED</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>TYPE</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>UNCOMMITTED</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>UNDER</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>UNION</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>UNIQUE</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>UNKNOWN</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>UNLISTEN</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>UNNAMED</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>UNNEST</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>UNTIL</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>UPDATE</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>UPPER</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>USAGE</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>USER</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>USING</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>VACUUM</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>VALID</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>VALUE</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>VALUES</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>VARCHAR</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>VARIABLE</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>VARYING</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>VERBOSE</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>VERSION</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>VIEW</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>WHEN</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>WHENEVER</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>WHERE</token></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>WITH</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>WITHOUT</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry></entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>WORK</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>WRITE</token></entry> + <entry></entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>YEAR</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + <row> + <entry><token>ZONE</token></entry> + <entry>non-reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + <entry>reserved</entry> + </row> + </tbody> + </tgroup> +</table> + + +</appendix> diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/syntax.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/syntax.sgml index cbead926ca7..4a02fab823f 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/syntax.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/syntax.sgml @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ <!-- -$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/syntax.sgml,v 1.31 2000/12/22 18:57:50 petere Exp $ +$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/syntax.sgml,v 1.32 2001/01/06 11:58:56 petere Exp $ --> - <chapter id="syntax"> - <title>SQL Syntax</title> +<chapter id="sql-syntax"> + <title>SQL Syntax</title> <abstract> <para> @@ -11,505 +11,325 @@ $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/syntax.sgml,v 1.31 2000/12/22 18:57:50 pete </para> </abstract> + <sect1 id="sql-syntax-lexical"> + <title>Lexical Structure</title> + + <para> + SQL input consists of a sequence of + <firstterm>commands</firstterm>. A command is composed of a + sequence of <firstterm>tokens</firstterm>, which depend on the + syntax of the particular command, terminated by a semicolon + (<quote>;</quote>). The end of the input stream also terminates a + command. + </para> + <para> - <acronym>SQL</acronym> manipulates sets of data. The language is - composed of various <firstterm>key words</firstterm>. Arithmetic - and procedural expressions are allowed. We will cover these topics - in this chapter; subsequent chapters will include details on data - types, functions, and operators. + A token can be a <firstterm>key word</firstterm>, an + <firstterm>identifier</firstterm>, a <firstterm>quoted + identifier</firstterm>, a <firstterm>literal</firstterm> (or + constant), or a special character symbol. Tokens are normally + separated by whitespace (space, tab, newline), but need not be if + there is no ambiguity (which is generally only the case if a + special character is adjacent to some other token type). </para> - <sect1 id="sql-keywords"> - <title>Key Words</title> + <para> + Additionally, <firstterm>comments</firstterm> can occur in SQL + input. They are not tokens, they are effectively equivalent to + whitespace. + </para> + <informalexample id="sql-syntax-ex-commands"> <para> - <acronym>SQL92</acronym> defines <firstterm>key words</firstterm> - for the language - which have specific meaning. Some key words are - <firstterm>reserved</firstterm>, which indicates that they are - restricted to appear in only certain contexts. Other key words are - <firstterm>not restricted</firstterm>, which indicates that in certain - contexts they - have a specific meaning but are not otherwise constrained. + For example, the following is (lexically) valid SQL input: +<programlisting> +SELECT * FROM MY_TABLE; +UPDATE MY_TABLE SET A = 5; +INSERT INTO MY_TABLE VALUES (3, 'hi there'); +</programlisting> + This is a sequence of three commands, one per line (although this + is not required; more than one command can be on a line, and + commands can be usefully split across lines). </para> + </informalexample> + + <para> + The SQL syntax is not very consistent regarding what tokens + identify commands and which are operands or parameters. The first + few tokens are generally the command name, so in the above example + we would usually speak of a <quote>SELECT</quote>, an + <quote>UPDATE</quote>, and an <quote>INSERT</quote> command. But + for instance the <command>UPDATE</command> command always requires + a <token>SET</token> token to appear in a certain position, and + this particular variation of <command>INSERT</command> also + requires a <token>VALUES</token> in order to be complete. The + precise syntax rules for each command are described in the + <citetitle>Reference Manual</citetitle>. + </para> + + <sect2 id="sql-syntax-identifiers"> + <title>Identifiers and Key Words</title> <para> - <productname>Postgres</productname> implements an extended subset of the - <acronym>SQL92</acronym> and <acronym>SQL3</acronym> languages. Some language - elements are not as restricted in this implementation as is - called for in the language standards, in part due - to the extensibility features of <productname>Postgres</productname>. + Tokens such as <token>SELECT</token>, <token>UPDATE</token>, or + <token>VALUES</token> in the example above are examples of + <firstterm>key words</firstterm>, that is, words that have a fixed + meaning in the SQL language. The tokens <token>MY_TABLE</token> + and <token>A</token> are examples of + <firstterm>identifiers</firstterm>. They identify names of + tables, columns, or other database objects, depending on the + command they are used in. Therefore they are sometimes simply + called <quote>names</quote>. Key words and identifiers have the + same lexical structure, meaning that one cannot know whether a + token is an identifier or a key word without knowing the language. + A complete list of key words can be found in <xref + linkend="sql-keywords-appendix">. </para> <para> - Information on <acronym>SQL92</acronym> and <acronym>SQL3</acronym> key words - is derived from <xref linkend="DATE97" endterm="DATE97">. + SQL identifiers and key words must begin with a letter + (<literal>a</literal>-<literal>z</literal>) or underscore + (<literal>_</literal>). Subsequent characters in an identifier or + key word can be letters, digits + (<literal>0</literal>-<literal>9</literal>), or underscores, + although the SQL standard will not define a key word that contains + digits or start or ends with an underscore. </para> - <sect2> - <title>Reserved Key Words</title> - - <para> - <acronym>SQL92</acronym> and <acronym>SQL3</acronym> have - <firstterm>reserved key words</firstterm> which are not allowed - as identifiers and not allowed in any usage other than as fundamental - tokens in <acronym>SQL</acronym> statements. - <productname>Postgres</productname> has additional key words - which have similar restrictions. In particular, these key words - are not allowed as column or table names, though in some cases - they are allowed to be column labels (i.e. in AS clauses). - </para> - - <tip> - <para> - Any string can be used as an identifier if surrounded by - double quotes (<quote>like this!</quote>). Some care is required since - such an identifier will be case sensitive - and will retain embedded whitespace and most other special characters. - </para> - </tip> - - <para> - The following are <productname>Postgres</productname> - reserved words that are neither <acronym>SQL92</acronym> - nor <acronym>SQL3</acronym> reserved words. These are allowed - to be present as column labels, but not as identifiers: - - <programlisting> -ABORT ANALYZE -BINARY -CLUSTER CONSTRAINT COPY -DO -EXPLAIN EXTEND -LISTEN LOAD LOCK -MOVE -NEW NONE NOTIFY -OFFSET -RESET -SETOF SHOW -UNLISTEN UNTIL -VACUUM VERBOSE - </programlisting> - </para> - - <para> - The following are <productname>Postgres</productname> - reserved words that are also <acronym>SQL92</acronym> - or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> reserved words, and that - are allowed to be present as column labels, but not as identifiers: - - <programlisting> -ALL ANY ASC BETWEEN BIT BOTH -CASE CAST CHAR CHARACTER CHECK COALESCE COLLATE COLUMN - CONSTRAINT CROSS CURRENT CURRENT_DATE CURRENT_TIME - CURRENT_TIMESTAMP CURRENT_USER -DEC DECIMAL DEFAULT DESC DISTINCT -ELSE END EXCEPT EXISTS EXTRACT -FALSE FLOAT FOR FOREIGN FROM FULL -GLOBAL GROUP -HAVING -IN INNER INTERSECT INTO IS -JOIN -LEADING LEFT LIKE LOCAL -NATURAL NCHAR NOT NULL NULLIF NUMERIC -ON OR ORDER OUTER OVERLAPS -POSITION PRECISION PRIMARY PUBLIC -REFERENCES RIGHT -SELECT SESSION_USER SOME SUBSTRING -TABLE THEN TO TRANSACTION TRIM TRUE -UNION UNIQUE USER -VARCHAR -WHEN WHERE - </programlisting> - - The following are <productname>Postgres</productname> - reserved words that are also <acronym>SQL92</acronym> - or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> reserved words: - - <programlisting> -ADD ALTER AND AS -BEGIN BY -CASCADE CLOSE COMMIT CREATE CURSOR -DECLARE DEFAULT DELETE DESC DISTINCT DROP -EXECUTE EXISTS EXTRACT -FETCH FLOAT FOR FROM FULL -GRANT -HAVING -IN INNER INSERT INTERVAL INTO INOUT IS -JOIN -LEADING LEFT LIKE LOCAL -NAMES NATIONAL NATURAL NCHAR NO NOT NULL -ON OR OUT OUTER -PARTIAL PRIMARY PRIVILEGES PROCEDURE PUBLIC -REFERENCES REVOKE RIGHT ROLLBACK -SELECT SESSION SET SUBSTRING -TO TRAILING TRIM -UNION UNIQUE UPDATE USING -VALUES VARCHAR VARYING VIEW -WHERE WITH WITHOUT WORK - </programlisting> - </para> - - <para> - The following are <acronym>SQL92</acronym> reserved key words that - are not <productname>Postgres</productname> reserved key words, but that - if used as function names are always translated into the function - <function>CHAR_LENGTH</function>: - - <programlisting> -CHARACTER_LENGTH - </programlisting> - </para> - - <para> - The following are <acronym>SQL92</acronym> or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> - reserved key words that - are not <productname>Postgres</productname> reserved key words, but - if used as type names are always translated into an alternate, native type: - - <programlisting> -BOOLEAN DOUBLE FLOAT INT INTEGER INTERVAL REAL SMALLINT - </programlisting> - </para> - - <para> - The following are not keywords of any kind, but when used in the - context of a type name are translated into a native - <productname>Postgres</productname> type, and when used in the - context of a function name are translated into a native function: - - <programlisting> -DATETIME TIMESPAN - </programlisting> - - (translated to <type>TIMESTAMP</type> and <type>INTERVAL</type>, - respectively). This feature is intended to help with - transitioning to version 7.0, and will be removed in a future release. - </para> - - <para> - The following are either <acronym>SQL92</acronym> - or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> reserved key words - that are not key words in <productname>Postgres</productname>. - These have no proscribed usage in <productname>Postgres</productname> - at the time of writing (version 7.0) but may become reserved key words in the - future: - - <note> - <para> - Some of these key words represent functions in <acronym>SQL92</acronym>. - These functions are defined in <productname>Postgres</productname>, - but the parser does not consider the names to be key words and they are allowed - in other contexts. - </para> - </note> - - <programlisting> -ALLOCATE ARE ASSERTION AT AUTHORIZATION AVG -BIT_LENGTH -CASCADED CATALOG CHAR_LENGTH CHARACTER_LENGTH COLLATION - CONNECT CONNECTION CONTINUE CONVERT CORRESPONDING COUNT - CURRENT_SESSION -DATE DEALLOCATE DEC DESCRIBE DESCRIPTOR - DIAGNOSTICS DISCONNECT DOMAIN -ESCAPE EXCEPT EXCEPTION EXEC EXTERNAL -FIRST FOUND -GET GO GOTO -IDENTITY INDICATOR INPUT INTERSECT -LAST LOWER -MAX MIN MODULE -OCTET_LENGTH OPEN OUTPUT OVERLAPS -PREPARE PRESERVE -ROWS -SCHEMA SECTION SESSION SIZE SOME - SQL SQLCODE SQLERROR SQLSTATE SUM SYSTEM_USER -TEMPORARY TRANSLATE TRANSLATION -UNKNOWN UPPER USAGE -VALUE -WHENEVER WRITE - </programlisting> - </para> - </sect2> - - <sect2> - <title>Non-reserved Keywords</title> - - <para> - <acronym>SQL92</acronym> and <acronym>SQL3</acronym> have - <firstterm>non-reserved keywords</firstterm> which have - a prescribed meaning in the language but which are also allowed - as identifiers. - <productname>Postgres</productname> has additional keywords - which allow similar unrestricted usage. - In particular, these keywords - are allowed as column or table names. - </para> - - <para> - The following are <productname>Postgres</productname> - non-reserved key words that are neither <acronym>SQL92</acronym> - nor <acronym>SQL3</acronym> non-reserved key words: - - <programlisting> -ACCESS AFTER AGGREGATE -BACKWARD BEFORE -CACHE COMMENT CREATEDB CREATEUSER CYCLE -DATABASE DELIMITERS -EACH ENCODING EXCLUSIVE -FORCE FORWARD FUNCTION -HANDLER -INCREMENT INDEX INHERITS INSENSITIVE INSTEAD ISNULL -LANCOMPILER LOCATION -MAXVALUE MINVALUE MODE -NOCREATEDB NOCREATEUSER NOTHING NOTIFY NOTNULL -OIDS OPERATOR -PASSWORD PROCEDURAL -RECIPE REINDEX RENAME RETURNS ROW RULE -SEQUENCE SERIAL SHARE START STATEMENT STDIN STDOUT -TEMP TRUSTED -UNLISTEN UNTIL -VALID VERSION - </programlisting> - </para> - - <para> - The following are <productname>Postgres</productname> - non-reserved key words that are <acronym>SQL92</acronym> - or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> reserved key words: - - <programlisting> -ABSOLUTE ACTION -CHARACTERISTICS CONSTRAINTS -DAY DEFERRABLE DEFERRED -HOUR -IMMEDIATE INITIALLY INSENSITIVE ISOLATION -KEY -LANGUAGE LEVEL -MATCH MINUTE MONTH -NEXT -OF ONLY OPTION -PATH PENDANT PRIOR PRIVILEGES -READ RELATIVE RESTRICT -SCHEMA SCROLL SECOND -TIME TIMESTAMP TIMEZONE_HOUR TIMEZONE_MINUTE TRIGGER -YEAR -ZONE - </programlisting> - </para> - - <para> - The following are <productname>Postgres</productname> - non-reserved key words that are also either <acronym>SQL92</acronym> - or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> non-reserved key words: - - <programlisting> -COMMITTED SERIALIZABLE TYPE - </programlisting> - </para> - - <para> - The following are either <acronym>SQL92</acronym> - or <acronym>SQL3</acronym> non-reserved key words that are not - key words of any kind in <productname>Postgres</productname>: - - <programlisting> -ADA -C CATALOG_NAME CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG CHARACTER_SET_NAME - CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA CLASS_ORIGIN COBOL COLLATION_CATALOG - COLLATION_NAME COLLATION_SCHEMA COLUMN_NAME - COMMAND_FUNCTION CONDITION_NUMBER - CONNECTION_NAME CONSTRAINT_CATALOG CONSTRAINT_NAME - CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA CURSOR_NAME -DATA DATE_TIME_INTERVAL_CODE DATE_TIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION - DYNAMIC_FUNCTION -FORTRAN -LENGTH -MESSAGE_LENGTH MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH MORE MUMPS -NAME NULLABLE NUMBER -PAD PASCAL PLI -REPEATABLE RETURNED_LENGTH RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH - RETURNED_SQLSTATE ROW_COUNT -SCALE SCHEMA_NAME SERVER_NAME SPACE SUBCLASS_ORIGIN -TABLE_NAME -UNCOMMITTED UNNAMED - </programlisting> - </para> - </sect2> - </sect1> - - <sect1 id="sql-comments"> - <title>Comments</title> - <para> - A <firstterm>comment</firstterm> - is an arbitrary sequence of characters beginning with double dashes - and extending to the end of the line, e.g.: - - <programlisting> --- This is a standard SQL comment - </programlisting> + The system uses no more than <symbol>NAMEDATALEN</symbol>-1 + characters of an identifier; longer names can be written in + commands, but they will be truncated. By default, + <symbol>NAMEDATALEN</symbol> is 32 so the maximum identifier length + is 31 (but at the time the system is built, + <symbol>NAMEDATALEN</symbol> can be changed in + <filename>src/include/postgres_ext.h</filename>). </para> <para> - We also support C-style block comments, e.g.: - - <programlisting> -/* multi-line comment - * with nesting: /* nested block comment */ - */ - </programlisting> - - where the comment begins with "<literal>/*</literal>" and extends - to the matching occurrence of "<literal>*/</literal>". These block - comments nest, as specified in SQL99, so that one can comment out - larger blocks of code that may contain existing block comments. + Identifier and key word names are case insensitive. Therefore +<programlisting> +UPDATE MY_TABLE SET A = 5; +</programlisting> + can equivalently be written as +<programlisting> +uPDaTE my_TabLE SeT a = 5; +</programlisting> + A good convention to adopt is perhaps to write key words in upper + case and names in lower case, e.g., +<programlisting> +UPDATE my_table SET a = 5; +</programlisting> </para> - </sect1> - - <sect1 id="sql-names"> - <title>Names</title> <para> - Names in SQL must begin with a letter - (<literal>a</literal>-<literal>z</literal>) or underscore - (<literal>_</literal>). - Subsequent characters in a name can be letters, digits - (<literal>0</literal>-<literal>9</literal>), - or underscores. The system uses no more than NAMEDATALEN-1 characters - of a name; longer names can be written in queries, but they will be - truncated. - By default, NAMEDATALEN is 32 so the maximum name length is 31 (but - at the time the system is built, NAMEDATALEN can be changed in - <filename>src/include/postgres_ext.h</filename>). + There is a second kind of identifier: the <firstterm>delimited + identifier</firstterm> or <firstterm>quoted + identifier</firstterm>. It is formed by enclosing an arbitrary + sequence of characters in double-quotes + (<literal>"</literal>). <!-- " font-lock mania --> A delimited + identifier is always an identifier, never a key word. So + <literal>"select"</literal> could be used to refer to a column or + table named <quote>select</quote>, whereas an unquoted + <literal>select</literal> would be taken as part of a command and + would therefore provoke a parse error when used where a table or + column name is expected. The example can be written with quoted + identifiers like so: +<programlisting> +UPDATE "my_table" SET "a" = 5; +</programlisting> </para> <para> - Names containing other characters may be formed by surrounding them - with double quotes (<literal>"</literal>). For example, table or column - names may contain - otherwise disallowed characters such as spaces, ampersands, etc. if - quoted. Quoting a name also makes it case-sensitive, - whereas unquoted names are always folded to lower case. For example, - the names <literal>FOO</literal>, <literal>foo</literal> - and <literal>"foo"</literal> are - considered the same by <productname>Postgres</productname>, but - <literal>"Foo"</literal> is a different name. + Quoted identifiers can contain any character other than a double + quote itself. This allows constructing table or column names that + would otherwise not be possible, such as ones containing spaces or + ampersands. The length limitation still applies. </para> <para> - Double quotes can also be used to protect a name that would otherwise - be taken to be an SQL keyword. For example, <literal>IN</literal> - is a keyword but <literal>"IN"</literal> is a name. + Quoting an identifier also makes it case-sensitive, whereas + unquoted names are always folded to lower case. For example, the + identifiers <literal>FOO</literal>, <literal>foo</literal> and + <literal>"foo"</literal> are considered the same by + <productname>Postgres</productname>, but <literal>"Foo"</literal> + and <literal>"FOO"</literal> are different from these three and + each other. + <footnote> + <para> + This is incompatible with SQL, where unquoted names are folded to + upper case. Thus, <literal>foo</literal> is equivalent to + <literal>"FOO"</literal>. If you want to write portable + applications you are advised to always quote a particular name or + never quote it. + </para> + </footnote> </para> - </sect1> + </sect2> + - <sect1 id="sql-constants"> + <sect2 id="sql-syntax-constants"> <title>Constants</title> <para> - There are three kinds of <firstterm>implicitly typed constants</firstterm> - in <productname>Postgres</productname>: strings, integers, - and floating point numbers. Constants can - also be specified with explicit types, which can enable more - accurate representation and more efficient handling by the - backend. The implicit constants are described below; explicit + There are four kinds of <firstterm>implicitly typed + constants</firstterm> in <productname>Postgres</productname>: + strings, bit strings, integers, and floating point numbers. + Constants can also be specified with explicit types, which can + enable more accurate representation and more efficient handling by + the system. The implicit constants are described below; explicit constants are discussed afterwards. </para> - <sect2> + <sect3> <title>String Constants</title> <para> - <firstterm>Strings</firstterm> - in SQL are arbitrary sequences of ASCII characters bounded by single - quotes ("'", e.g. <literal>'This is a string'</literal>). - SQL92 allows single quotes to be embedded in strings by typing two - adjacent single quotes (e.g. <literal>'Dianne''s horse'</literal>). - In <productname>Postgres</productname> single quotes may alternatively - be escaped with a backslash ("\", e.g. - <literal>'Dianne\'s horse'</literal>). To include a + A string constant in SQL is an arbitrary sequence of characters + bounded by single quotes (<quote>'</quote>), e.g., <literal>'This + is a string'</literal>. SQL allows single quotes to be embedded + in strings by typing two adjacent single quotes (e.g., + <literal>'Dianne''s horse'</literal>). In + <productname>Postgres</productname> single quotes may + alternatively be escaped with a backslash (<quote>\</quote>, + e.g., <literal>'Dianne\'s horse'</literal>). + </para> + + <para> + C-style backslash escapes are also available: + <literal>\b</literal> is a backspace, <literal>\f</literal> is a + form feed, <literal>\n</literal> is a newline, + <literal>\r</literal> is a carriage return, <literal>\t</literal> + is a tab, and <literal>\<replaceable>xxx</replaceable></literal>, + where <replaceable>xxx</replaceable> is an octal number, is the + character with the corresponding ASCII code. Any other character + following a backslash is taken literally. Thus, to include a backslash in a string constant, type two backslashes. - Non-printing characters may also be embedded within strings by - prepending them with a backslash - (e.g. <literal>'\<replaceable>tab</replaceable>'</literal>). </para> - </sect2> + <para> + The character with the code zero cannot be in a string constant. + </para> - <sect2> - <title>Integer Constants</title> + <para> + Two string constants that are only separated by whitespace + <emphasis>with at least one newline</emphasis> are concatenated + and effectively treated as if the string had been written in one + constant. For example: +<programlisting> +SELECT 'foo' +'bar'; +</programlisting> + is equivalent to +<programlisting> +SELECT 'foobar'; +</programlisting> + but +<programlisting> +SELECT 'foo' 'bar'; +</programlisting> + is not valid syntax. + </para> + </sect3> + + <sect3> + <title>Bit String Constants</title> <para> - <firstterm>Integer constants</firstterm> - in SQL are sequences of ASCII digits with no decimal point. - The range of legal values depends on which integer datatype is - used, but the plain <literal>integer</literal> type accepts values - ranging from -2147483648 to +2147483647. + Bit string constants look like string constants with a + <literal>B</literal> (upper or lower case) immediately before the + opening quote (no intervening whitespace), e.g., + <literal>B'1001'</literal>. The only characters allowed within + bit string constants are <literal>0</literal> and + <literal>1</literal>. Bit strings constants can be continued + across lines in the same way as regular string constants. </para> - </sect2> + </sect3> - <sect2> - <title>Floating Point Constants</title> + <sect3> + <title>Integer Constants</title> <para> - <firstterm>Floating point constants</firstterm> - consist of an integer part, a decimal point, and a fraction part or - scientific notation of the following format: + Integer constants in SQL are sequences of decimal digits (0 + though 9) with no decimal point. The range of legal values + depends on which integer data type is used, but the plain + <type>integer</type> type accepts values ranging from -2147483648 + to +2147483647. (The optional plus or minus sign is actually a + separate unary operator and not part of the integer constant.) + </para> + </sect3> - <synopsis> -{<replaceable>dig</replaceable>}.{<replaceable>dig</replaceable>} [e [+-] {<replaceable>dig</replaceable>}] - </synopsis> + <sect3> + <title>Floating Point Constants</title> - where <replaceable>dig</replaceable> is one or more digits. - You must include at least one <replaceable>dig</replaceable> after the - period and after the [+-] if you use those options. An exponent with - a missing mantissa has a mantissa of 1 inserted. There may be no - extra characters embedded in the string. + <para> + Floating point constants are accepted in these general forms: +<synopsis> +<replaceable>digits</replaceable>.<optional><replaceable>digits</replaceable></optional><optional>e<optional>+-</optional><replaceable>digits</replaceable></optional> +<optional><replaceable>digits</replaceable></optional>.<replaceable>digits</replaceable><optional>e<optional>+-</optional><replaceable>digits</replaceable></optional> +<replaceable>digits</replaceable>e<optional>+-</optional><replaceable>digits</replaceable> +</synopsis> + where <replaceable>digits</replaceable> is one or more decimal + digits. At least one digit must be before or after the decimal + point and after the <literal>e</literal> if you use that option. + Thus, a floating point constant is distinguished from an integer + constant by the presence of either the decimal point or the + exponent clause (or both). There must not be a space or other + characters embedded in the constant. </para> + <informalexample> + <para> + These are some examples of valid floating point constants: +<literallayout> +3.5 +4. +.001 +5e2 +1.925e-3 +</literallayout> + </para> + </informalexample> + <para> - Floating point constaints are of type - <type>float8</type>. <type>float4</type> can be specified - explicitly by using <acronym>SQL92</acronym> string notation or + Floating point constants are of type <type>DOUBLE + PRECISION</type>. <type>REAL</type> can be specified explicitly + by using <acronym>SQL</acronym> string notation or <productname>Postgres</productname> type notation: - <programlisting> -float4 '1.23' -- string style -'1.23'::float4 -- Postgres (historical) style +<programlisting> +REAL '1.23' -- string style +'1.23'::REAL -- Postgres (historical) style </programlisting> </para> - </sect2> + </sect3> - <sect2> - <title>Constants of Postgres User-Defined Types</title> + <sect3> + <title>Constants of Other Types</title> <para> - A constant of an - <emphasis>arbitrary</emphasis> - type can be entered using any one of the following notations: - - <synopsis> + A constant of an <emphasis>arbitrary</emphasis> type can be + entered using any one of the following notations: +<synopsis> <replaceable>type</replaceable> '<replaceable>string</replaceable>' '<replaceable>string</replaceable>'::<replaceable>type</replaceable> CAST ( '<replaceable>string</replaceable>' AS <replaceable>type</replaceable> ) - </synopsis> - - The value inside the string is passed to the input - conversion routine for the type called - <replaceable>type</replaceable>. The result is a - constant of the indicated type. The explicit typecast may be omitted - if there is no ambiguity as to the type the constant must be, in which - case it is automatically coerced. +</synopsis> + The value inside the string is passed to the input conversion + routine for the type called <replaceable>type</replaceable>. The + result is a constant of the indicated type. The explicit type + cast may be omitted if there is no ambiguity as to the type the + constant must be (for example, when it is passed as an argument + to a non-overloaded function), in which case it is automatically + coerced. </para> <para> It is also possible to specify a type coercion using a function-like syntax: - - <synopsis> +<synopsis> <replaceable>typename</replaceable> ( <replaceable>value</replaceable> ) - </synopsis> - +</synopsis> although this only works for types whose names are also valid as function names. (For example, <literal>double precision</literal> can't be used this way --- but the equivalent <literal>float8</literal> @@ -517,52 +337,222 @@ CAST ( '<replaceable>string</replaceable>' AS <replaceable>type</replaceable> ) </para> <para> - The <literal>::</literal>, <literal>CAST()</literal>, and function-call - syntaxes can also be used to specify run-time type conversions. But - the form <replaceable>type</replaceable> - '<replaceable>string</replaceable>' can only be used to specify the - type of a literal constant. + The <literal>::</literal>, <literal>CAST()</literal>, and + function-call syntaxes can also be used to specify the type of + arbitrary expressions, but the form + <replaceable>type</replaceable> + '<replaceable>string</replaceable>' can only be used to specify + the type of a literal constant. </para> - </sect2> + </sect3> - <sect2> + <sect3> <title>Array constants</title> <para> - <firstterm>Array constants</firstterm> - are n-dimensional arrays of any Postgres datatype. The general format of an array constant is the following: - - <synopsis> -{ <replaceable>val1</replaceable> <replaceable>delim</replaceable> <replaceable>val2</replaceable> <replaceable>delim</replaceable> ... } - </synopsis> - - where <replaceable>delim</replaceable> - is the delimiter character for the type, as recorded in its - <literal>pg_type</literal> class entry. - (For all built-in types, this is the comma character ",".) - Each <replaceable>val</replaceable> is either a constant - of the array element type, or a sub-array. - An example of an array constant is - - <programlisting> -{{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}} - </programlisting> - +<synopsis> +'{ <replaceable>val1</replaceable> <replaceable>delim</replaceable> <replaceable>val2</replaceable> <replaceable>delim</replaceable> ... }' +</synopsis> + where <replaceable>delim</replaceable> is the delimiter character + for the type, as recorded in its <literal>pg_type</literal> + entry. (For all built-in types, this is the comma character + ",".) Each <replaceable>val</replaceable> is either a constant + of the array element type, or a sub-array. An example of an + array constant is +<programlisting> +'{{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}' +</programlisting> This constant is a two-dimensional, 3 by 3 array consisting of three sub-arrays of integers. </para> <para> Individual array elements can be placed between double-quote - marks (<literal>"</literal>) to avoid ambiguity problems with respect to - white space. - Without quote marks, the array-value parser will skip leading white space. + marks (<literal>"</literal>) <!-- " --> to avoid ambiguity + problems with respect to white space. Without quote marks, the + array-value parser will skip leading white space. </para> - </sect2> - </sect1> - <sect1 id="sql-columns"> + <para> + (Array constants are actually only a special case of the generic + type constants discussed in the previous section. The constant + is initially treated as a string and passed to the array input + conversion routine. An explicit type specification might be + necessary.) + </para> + </sect3> + </sect2> + + + <sect2 id="sql-syntax-operators"> + <title>Operators</title> + + <para> + An operator is a sequence of up to <symbol>NAMEDATALEN</symbol>-1 + (31 by default) characters from the following list: +<literallayout> ++ - * / < > = ~ ! @ # % ^ & | ` ? $ +</literallayout> + + There are a few restrictions on operator names, however: + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para> + "$" (dollar) cannot be a single-character operator, although it + can be part of a multi-character operator name. + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para> + <literal>--</literal> and <literal>/*</literal> cannot appear + anywhere in an operator name, since they will be taken as the + start of a comment. + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para> + A multi-character operator name cannot end in "+" or "-", + unless the name also contains at least one of these characters: +<literallayout> +~ ! @ # % ^ & | ` ? $ +</literallayout> + For example, <literal>@-</literal> is an allowed operator name, + but <literal>*-</literal> is not. This restriction allows + <productname>Postgres</productname> to parse SQL-compliant + queries without requiring spaces between tokens. + </para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + </para> + + <para> + When working with non-SQL-standard operator names, you will usually + need to separate adjacent operators with spaces to avoid ambiguity. + For example, if you have defined a left-unary operator named "@", + you cannot write <literal>X*@Y</literal>; you must write + <literal>X* @Y</literal> to ensure that + <productname>Postgres</productname> reads it as two operator names + not one. + </para> + </sect2> + + <sect2> + <title>Special Characters</title> + + <para> + Some characters that are not alphanumeric have a special meaning + that is different from being an operator. Details on the usage can + be found at the location where the respective syntax element is + described. This section only exists to advise the existence and + summarize the purposes of these characters. + + <itemizedlist> + <listitem> + <para> + A dollar sign (<literal>$</literal>) followed by digits is used + to represent the positional parameters in the body of a function + definition. In other contexts the dollar sign may be part of an + operator name. + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para> + Parentheses (<literal>()</literal>) have their usual meaning to + group expressions and enforce precedence. In some cases + parentheses are required as part of the fixed syntax of a + particular SQL command. + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para> + Brackets (<literal>[]</literal>) are used to select the elements + of an array. See <xref linkend="arrays"> for more information + on arrays. + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para> + Commas (<literal>,</literal>) are used in some syntactical + constructs to separate the elements of a list. + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para> + The semicolon (<literal>;</literal>) terminates an SQL command. + It cannot appear anywhere within a command, except when quoted + as a string constant or identifier. + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para> + The colon (<literal>:</literal>) is used to select + <quote>slices</quote> from arrays. (See <xref + linkend="arrays">.) In certain SQL dialects (such as Embedded + SQL), the colon is used to prefix variable names. + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para> + The asterisk (<literal>*</literal>) has a special meaning when + used in the <command>SELECT</command> command or with the + <function>COUNT</function> aggregate function. + </para> + </listitem> + + <listitem> + <para> + The period (<literal>.</literal>) is used in floating point + constants, and to separate table and column names. + </para> + </listitem> + </itemizedlist> + + </para> + </sect2> + + <sect2 id="sql-syntax-comments"> + <title>Comments</title> + + <para> + A comment is an arbitrary sequence of characters beginning with + double dashes and extending to the end of the line, e.g.: +<programlisting> +-- This is a standard SQL92 comment +</programlisting> + </para> + + <para> + Alternatively, C-style block comments can be used: +<programlisting> +/* multi-line comment + * with nesting: /* nested block comment */ + */ +</programlisting> + where the comment begins with <literal>/*</literal> and extends to + the matching occurrence of <literal>*/</literal>. These block + comments nest, as specified in SQL99 but unlike C, so that one can + comment out larger blocks of code that may contain existing block + comments. + </para> + + <para> + A comment is removed from the input stream before further syntax + analysis and is effectively replaced by whitespace. + </para> + </sect2> + </sect1> + + + <sect1 id="sql-syntax-columns"> <title>Fields and Columns</title> <sect2> @@ -664,18 +654,6 @@ CAST ( '<replaceable>string</replaceable>' AS <replaceable>type</replaceable> ) </sect2> </sect1> - <sect1 id="sql-operators"> - <title>Operators</title> - - <para> - Any built-in or user-defined operator may be used in SQL. - For the list of built-in operators consult <xref linkend="functions">. - For a list of user-defined operators consult your system administrator - or run a query on the <literal>pg_operator</literal> class. - Parentheses may be used for arbitrary grouping of operators in expressions. - </para> - </sect1> - <sect1 id="sql-expressions"> <title>Expressions</title> diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/user.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/user.sgml index e2f78744839..d1275e01733 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/user.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/user.sgml @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!-- -$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/user.sgml,v 1.22 2000/12/16 02:29:36 tgl Exp $ +$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/user.sgml,v 1.23 2001/01/06 11:58:56 petere Exp $ --> <book id="user"> @@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/Attic/user.sgml,v 1.22 2000/12/16 02:29:36 <!-- appendices --> &datetime; + &keywords; &biblio; |