Add ONLY support for VACUUM and ANALYZE

Since autovacuum does not trigger an ANALYZE for partitioned tables,
users must perform these manually.  However, performing a manual ANALYZE
on a partitioned table would always result in recursively analyzing each
partition and that could be undesirable as autovacuum takes care of that.
For partitioned tables that contain a large number of partitions, having
to analyze each partition could take an unreasonably long time, especially
so for tables with a large number of columns.

Here we allow the ONLY keyword to prefix the name of the table to allow
users to have ANALYZE skip processing partitions.  This option can also
be used with VACUUM, but there is no work to do if VACUUM ONLY is used on
a partitioned table.

This commit also changes the behavior of VACUUM	and ANALYZE for
inheritance parents.  Previously inheritance child tables would not be
processed when operating on the parent.  Now, by default we *do* operate
on the child tables.  ONLY can be used to obtain the old behavior.
The release notes should note this as an incompatibility.  The default
behavior has not changed for partitioned tables as these always
recursively processed the partitions.

Author: Michael Harris <harmic@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CADofcAWATx_haD=QkSxHbnTsAe6+e0Aw8Eh4H8cXyogGvn_kOg@mail.gmail.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CADofcAXVbD0yGp_EaC9chmzsOoSai3jcfBCnyva3j0RRdRvMVA@mail.gmail.com
Reviewed-by: Jelte Fennema-Nio <postgres@jeltef.nl>
Reviewed-by: Melih Mutlu <m.melihmutlu@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Atsushi Torikoshi <torikoshia@oss.nttdata.com>
Reviewed-by: jian he <jian.universality@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com>

4 files changed, 44 insertions, 32 deletions

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index b671858627b..8ab0ddb112f 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -3778,12 +3778,14 @@ VALUES ('Albany', NULL, NULL, 'NY');
    not <literal>INSERT</literal> or <literal>ALTER TABLE ...
    RENAME</literal>) typically default to including child tables and
    support the <literal>ONLY</literal> notation to exclude them.
-   Commands that do database maintenance and tuning
-   (e.g., <literal>REINDEX</literal>, <literal>VACUUM</literal>)
-   typically only work on individual, physical tables and do not
-   support recursing over inheritance hierarchies.  The respective
-   behavior of each individual command is documented in its reference
-   page (<xref linkend="sql-commands"/>).
+   The majority of commands that do database maintenance and tuning
+   (e.g., <literal>REINDEX</literal>) only work on individual, physical
+   tables and do not support recursing over inheritance hierarchies.
+   However, both <literal>VACUUM</literal> and <literal>ANALYZE</literal>
+   commands default to including child tables and the <literal>ONLY</literal>
+   notation is supported to allow them to be excluded.  The respective
+   behavior of each individual command is documented in its reference page
+   (<xref linkend="sql-commands"/>).
   </para>
 
   <para>
@@ -4854,11 +4856,12 @@ ALTER TABLE measurement_y2008m02 INHERIT measurement;
 
       <listitem>
        <para>
-        If you are using manual <command>VACUUM</command> or
-        <command>ANALYZE</command> commands, don't forget that
-        you need to run them on each child table individually. A command like:
+        Manual <command>VACUUM</command> and <command>ANALYZE</command>
+        commands will automatically process all inheritance child tables.  If
+        this is undesirable, you can use the <literal>ONLY</literal> keyword.
+        A command like:
 <programlisting>
-ANALYZE measurement;
+ANALYZE ONLY measurement;
 </programlisting>
         will only process the root table.
        </para>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
index a2fda4677d7..db7f35a4515 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
@@ -5525,9 +5525,9 @@ FROM pg_stat_get_backend_idset() AS backendid;
 
   <note>
    <para>
-    Note that when <command>ANALYZE</command> is run on a partitioned table,
-    all of its partitions are also recursively analyzed.
-    In that case, <command>ANALYZE</command>
+    Note that when <command>ANALYZE</command> is run on a partitioned table
+    without the <literal>ONLY</literal> keyword, all of its partitions are
+    also recursively analyzed.  In that case, <command>ANALYZE</command>
     progress is reported first for the parent table, whereby its inheritance
     statistics are collected, followed by that for each partition.
    </para>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/analyze.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/analyze.sgml
index 2b94b378e9f..a0db56ae743 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/analyze.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/analyze.sgml
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ ANALYZE [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">option</replaceable> [, ...] ) ] [ <r
 
 <phrase>and <replaceable class="parameter">table_and_columns</replaceable> is:</phrase>
 
-    <replaceable class="parameter">table_name</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ...] ) ]
+    [ ONLY ] <replaceable class="parameter">table_name</replaceable> [ * ] [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ...] ) ]
 </synopsis>
  </refsynopsisdiv>
 
@@ -142,9 +142,12 @@ ANALYZE [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">option</replaceable> [, ...] ) ] [ <r
       The name (possibly schema-qualified) of a specific table to
       analyze.  If omitted, all regular tables, partitioned tables, and
       materialized views in the current database are analyzed (but not
-      foreign tables).  If the specified table is a partitioned table, both the
-      inheritance statistics of the partitioned table as a whole and
-      statistics of the individual partitions are updated.
+      foreign tables).  If <literal>ONLY</literal> is specified before
+      the table name, only that table is analyzed.  If <literal>ONLY</literal>
+      is not specified, the table and all its inheritance child tables or
+      partitions (if any) are analyzed.  Optionally, <literal>*</literal>
+      can be specified after the table name to explicitly indicate that
+      inheritance child tables (or partitions) are to be analyzed.
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
@@ -284,22 +287,23 @@ ANALYZE [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">option</replaceable> [, ...] ) ] [ <r
     <command>ANALYZE</command> gathers two sets of statistics: one on the rows
     of the parent table only, and a second including rows of both the parent
     table and all of its children.  This second set of statistics is needed when
-    planning queries that process the inheritance tree as a whole.  The child
-    tables themselves are not individually analyzed in this case.
-    The autovacuum daemon, however, will only consider inserts or
-    updates on the parent table itself when deciding whether to trigger an
-    automatic analyze for that table.  If that table is rarely inserted into
-    or updated, the inheritance statistics will not be up to date unless you
-    run <command>ANALYZE</command> manually.
+    planning queries that process the inheritance tree as a whole.  The
+    autovacuum daemon, however, will only consider inserts or updates on the
+    parent table itself when deciding whether to trigger an automatic analyze
+    for that table.  If that table is rarely inserted into or updated, the
+    inheritance statistics will not be up to date unless you run
+    <command>ANALYZE</command> manually.  By default,
+    <command>ANALYZE</command> will also recursively collect and update the
+    statistics for each inheritance child table.  The <literal>ONLY</literal>
+    keyword may be used to disable this.
   </para>
 
   <para>
     For partitioned tables, <command>ANALYZE</command> gathers statistics by
-    sampling rows from all partitions; in addition, it will recurse into each
-    partition and update its statistics.  Each leaf partition is analyzed only
-    once, even with multi-level partitioning.  No statistics are collected for
-    only the parent table (without data from its partitions), because with
-    partitioning it's guaranteed to be empty.
+    sampling rows from all partitions.  By default,
+    <command>ANALYZE</command> will also recursively collect and update the
+    statistics for each partition.  The <literal>ONLY</literal> keyword may be
+    used to disable this.
   </para>
 
   <para>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/vacuum.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/vacuum.sgml
index 9857b35627b..9110938fab6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/vacuum.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/vacuum.sgml
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ VACUUM [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">option</replaceable> [, ...] ) ] [ <re
 
 <phrase>and <replaceable class="parameter">table_and_columns</replaceable> is:</phrase>
 
-    <replaceable class="parameter">table_name</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ...] ) ]
+    [ ONLY ] <replaceable class="parameter">table_name</replaceable> [ * ] [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ...] ) ]
 </synopsis>
  </refsynopsisdiv>
 
@@ -401,8 +401,13 @@ VACUUM [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">option</replaceable> [, ...] ) ] [ <re
     <listitem>
      <para>
       The name (optionally schema-qualified) of a specific table or
-      materialized view to vacuum.  If the specified table is a partitioned
-      table, all of its leaf partitions are vacuumed.
+      materialized view to vacuum.  If <literal>ONLY</literal> is specified
+      before the table name, only that table is vacuumed.  If
+      <literal>ONLY</literal> is not specified, the table and all its
+      inheritance child tables or partitions (if any) are also vacuumed.
+      Optionally, <literal>*</literal> can be specified after the table name
+      to explicitly indicate that inheritance child tables (or partitions) are
+      to be vacuumed.
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>