Restructure index access method API to hide most of it at the C level.

This patch reduces pg_am to just two columns, a name and a handler
function.  All the data formerly obtained from pg_am is now provided
in a C struct returned by the handler function.  This is similar to
the designs we've adopted for FDWs and tablesample methods.  There
are multiple advantages.  For one, the index AM's support functions
are now simple C functions, making them faster to call and much less
error-prone, since the C compiler can now check function signatures.
For another, this will make it far more practical to define index access
methods in installable extensions.

A disadvantage is that SQL-level code can no longer see attributes
of index AMs; in particular, some of the crosschecks in the opr_sanity
regression test are no longer possible from SQL.  We've addressed that
by adding a facility for the index AM to perform such checks instead.
(Much more could be done in that line, but for now we're content if the
amvalidate functions more or less replace what opr_sanity used to do.)
We might also want to expose some sort of reporting functionality, but
this patch doesn't do that.

Alexander Korotkov, reviewed by Petr Jelínek, and rather heavily
editorialized on by me.

1 files changed, 11 insertions, 3 deletions

diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index e319d57acab..a65b2977281 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -26,12 +26,14 @@
 
 #include "postgres.h"
 
+#include "access/amapi.h"
 #include "access/htup_details.h"
 #include "access/reloptions.h"
 #include "catalog/dependency.h"
 #include "catalog/heap.h"
 #include "catalog/index.h"
 #include "catalog/namespace.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_am.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_collation.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_constraint.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
@@ -1072,6 +1074,7 @@ generateClonedIndexStmt(CreateStmtContext *cxt, Relation source_idx,
 	Form_pg_attribute *attrs = RelationGetDescr(source_idx)->attrs;
 	HeapTuple	ht_idxrel;
 	HeapTuple	ht_idx;
+	HeapTuple	ht_am;
 	Form_pg_class idxrelrec;
 	Form_pg_index idxrec;
 	Form_pg_am	amrec;
@@ -1100,8 +1103,12 @@ generateClonedIndexStmt(CreateStmtContext *cxt, Relation source_idx,
 	idxrec = (Form_pg_index) GETSTRUCT(ht_idx);
 	indrelid = idxrec->indrelid;
 
-	/* Fetch pg_am tuple for source index from relcache entry */
-	amrec = source_idx->rd_am;
+	/* Fetch the pg_am tuple of the index' access method */
+	ht_am = SearchSysCache1(AMOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(idxrelrec->relam));
+	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(ht_am))
+		elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for access method %u",
+			 idxrelrec->relam);
+	amrec = (Form_pg_am) GETSTRUCT(ht_am);
 
 	/* Extract indcollation from the pg_index tuple */
 	datum = SysCacheGetAttr(INDEXRELID, ht_idx,
@@ -1299,7 +1306,7 @@ generateClonedIndexStmt(CreateStmtContext *cxt, Relation source_idx,
 		iparam->nulls_ordering = SORTBY_NULLS_DEFAULT;
 
 		/* Adjust options if necessary */
-		if (amrec->amcanorder)
+		if (source_idx->rd_amroutine->amcanorder)
 		{
 			/*
 			 * If it supports sort ordering, copy DESC and NULLS opts. Don't
@@ -1361,6 +1368,7 @@ generateClonedIndexStmt(CreateStmtContext *cxt, Relation source_idx,
 
 	/* Clean up */
 	ReleaseSysCache(ht_idxrel);
+	ReleaseSysCache(ht_am);
 
 	return index;
 }