Optimize partial TOAST decompression

Commit 4d0e994eed added support for partial TOAST decompression, so the
decompression is interrupted after producing the requested prefix. For
prefix and slices near the beginning of the entry, this may saves a lot
of decompression work.

That however only deals with decompression - the whole compressed entry
was still fetched and re-assembled, even though the compression used
only a small fraction of it. This commit improves that by computing how
much compressed data may be needed to decompress the requested prefix,
and then fetches only the necessary part.

We always need to fetch a bit more compressed data than the requested
(uncompressed) prefix, because the prefix may not be compressible at all
and pglz itself adds a bit of overhead. That means this optimization is
most effective when the requested prefix is much smaller than the whole
compressed entry.

Author: Binguo Bao
Reviewed-by: Andrey Borodin, Tomas Vondra, Paul Ramsey
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAL-OGkthU9Gs7TZchf5OWaL-Gsi=hXqufTxKv9qpNG73d5na_g@mail.gmail.com

1 files changed, 46 insertions, 8 deletions

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/detoast.c b/src/backend/access/common/detoast.c
index c8b49d6a124..47a03fa98b9 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/detoast.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/detoast.c
@@ -196,6 +196,8 @@ heap_tuple_untoast_attr(struct varlena *attr)
  *
  *		Public entry point to get back part of a toasted value
  *		from compression or external storage.
+ *
+ * Note: When slicelength is negative, return suffix of the value.
  * ----------
  */
 struct varlena *
@@ -217,8 +219,30 @@ heap_tuple_untoast_attr_slice(struct varlena *attr,
 		if (!VARATT_EXTERNAL_IS_COMPRESSED(toast_pointer))
 			return toast_fetch_datum_slice(attr, sliceoffset, slicelength);
 
-		/* fetch it back (compressed marker will get set automatically) */
-		preslice = toast_fetch_datum(attr);
+		/*
+		 * For compressed values, we need to fetch enough slices to decompress
+		 * at least the requested part (when a prefix is requested). Otherwise,
+		 * just fetch all slices.
+		 */
+		if (slicelength > 0 && sliceoffset >= 0)
+		{
+			int32 max_size;
+
+			/*
+			 * Determine maximum amount of compressed data needed for a prefix
+			 * of a given length (after decompression).
+			 */
+			max_size = pglz_maximum_compressed_size(sliceoffset + slicelength,
+													TOAST_COMPRESS_SIZE(attr));
+
+			/*
+			 * Fetch enough compressed slices (compressed marker will get set
+			 * automatically).
+			 */
+			preslice = toast_fetch_datum_slice(attr, 0, max_size);
+		}
+		else
+			preslice = toast_fetch_datum(attr);
 	}
 	else if (VARATT_IS_EXTERNAL_INDIRECT(attr))
 	{
@@ -476,7 +500,9 @@ toast_fetch_datum(struct varlena *attr)
  *	Reconstruct a segment of a Datum from the chunks saved
  *	in the toast relation
  *
- *	Note that this function only supports non-compressed external datums.
+ *	Note that this function supports non-compressed external datums
+ *	and compressed external datums (in which case the requrested slice
+ *  has to be a prefix, i.e. sliceoffset has to be 0).
  * ----------
  */
 static struct varlena *
@@ -517,10 +543,11 @@ toast_fetch_datum_slice(struct varlena *attr, int32 sliceoffset, int32 length)
 	VARATT_EXTERNAL_GET_POINTER(toast_pointer, attr);
 
 	/*
-	 * It's nonsense to fetch slices of a compressed datum -- this isn't lo_*
-	 * we can't return a compressed datum which is meaningful to toast later
+	 * It's nonsense to fetch slices of a compressed datum unless when it's
+	 * a prefix -- this isn't lo_* we can't return a compressed datum which
+	 * is meaningful to toast later.
 	 */
-	Assert(!VARATT_EXTERNAL_IS_COMPRESSED(toast_pointer));
+	Assert(!VARATT_EXTERNAL_IS_COMPRESSED(toast_pointer) || 0 == sliceoffset);
 
 	attrsize = toast_pointer.va_extsize;
 	totalchunks = ((attrsize - 1) / TOAST_MAX_CHUNK_SIZE) + 1;
@@ -531,12 +558,23 @@ toast_fetch_datum_slice(struct varlena *attr, int32 sliceoffset, int32 length)
 		length = 0;
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * When fetching a prefix of a compressed external datum, account for the
+	 * rawsize tracking amount of raw data, which is stored at the beginning
+	 * as an int32 value).
+	 */
+	if (VARATT_EXTERNAL_IS_COMPRESSED(toast_pointer) && length > 0)
+		length = length + sizeof(int32);
+
 	if (((sliceoffset + length) > attrsize) || length < 0)
 		length = attrsize - sliceoffset;
 
 	result = (struct varlena *) palloc(length + VARHDRSZ);
 
-	SET_VARSIZE(result, length + VARHDRSZ);
+	if (VARATT_EXTERNAL_IS_COMPRESSED(toast_pointer))
+		SET_VARSIZE_COMPRESSED(result, length + VARHDRSZ);
+	else
+		SET_VARSIZE(result, length + VARHDRSZ);
 
 	if (length == 0)
 		return result;			/* Can save a lot of work at this point! */
@@ -720,7 +758,7 @@ toast_decompress_datum(struct varlena *attr)
 	SET_VARSIZE(result, TOAST_COMPRESS_RAWSIZE(attr) + VARHDRSZ);
 
 	if (pglz_decompress(TOAST_COMPRESS_RAWDATA(attr),
-						VARSIZE(attr) - TOAST_COMPRESS_HDRSZ,
+						TOAST_COMPRESS_SIZE(attr),
 						VARDATA(result),
 						TOAST_COMPRESS_RAWSIZE(attr), true) < 0)
 		elog(ERROR, "compressed data is corrupted");