Handle DROP DATABASE getting interrupted

Until now, when DROP DATABASE got interrupted in the wrong moment, the removal
of the pg_database row would also roll back, even though some irreversible
steps have already been taken. E.g. DropDatabaseBuffers() might have thrown
out dirty buffers, or files could have been unlinked. But we continued to
allow connections to such a corrupted database.

To fix this, mark databases invalid with an in-place update, just before
starting to perform irreversible steps. As we can't add a new column in the
back branches, we use pg_database.datconnlimit = -2 for this purpose.

An invalid database cannot be connected to anymore, but can still be
dropped.

Unfortunately we can't easily add output to psql's \l to indicate that some
database is invalid, it doesn't fit in any of the existing columns.

Add tests verifying that a interrupted DROP DATABASE is handled correctly in
the backend and in various tools.

Reported-by: Evgeny Morozov <postgresql3@realityexists.net>
Author: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Munro <thomas.munro@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20230509004637.cgvmfwrbht7xm7p6@awork3.anarazel.de
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20230314174521.74jl6ffqsee5mtug@awork3.anarazel.de
Backpatch: 11-, bug present in all supported versions

7 files changed, 59 insertions, 7 deletions

diff --git a/src/bin/scripts/clusterdb.c b/src/bin/scripts/clusterdb.c
index 2f786e61037..949928f67d3 100644
--- a/src/bin/scripts/clusterdb.c
+++ b/src/bin/scripts/clusterdb.c
@@ -237,7 +237,9 @@ cluster_all_databases(ConnParams *cparams, const char *progname,
 	int			i;
 
 	conn = connectMaintenanceDatabase(cparams, progname, echo);
-	result = executeQuery(conn, "SELECT datname FROM pg_database WHERE datallowconn ORDER BY 1;", echo);
+	result = executeQuery(conn,
+						  "SELECT datname FROM pg_database WHERE datallowconn AND datconnlimit <> -2 ORDER BY 1;",
+						  echo);
 	PQfinish(conn);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < PQntuples(result); i++)
diff --git a/src/bin/scripts/reindexdb.c b/src/bin/scripts/reindexdb.c
index c543d76b4f8..b2e1b9cd1ba 100644
--- a/src/bin/scripts/reindexdb.c
+++ b/src/bin/scripts/reindexdb.c
@@ -720,7 +720,9 @@ reindex_all_databases(ConnParams *cparams,
 	int			i;
 
 	conn = connectMaintenanceDatabase(cparams, progname, echo);
-	result = executeQuery(conn, "SELECT datname FROM pg_database WHERE datallowconn ORDER BY 1;", echo);
+	result = executeQuery(conn,
+						  "SELECT datname FROM pg_database WHERE datallowconn AND datconnlimit <> -2 ORDER BY 1;",
+						  echo);
 	PQfinish(conn);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < PQntuples(result); i++)
diff --git a/src/bin/scripts/t/011_clusterdb_all.pl b/src/bin/scripts/t/011_clusterdb_all.pl
index efd541bc4d6..8ac734bdfa2 100644
--- a/src/bin/scripts/t/011_clusterdb_all.pl
+++ b/src/bin/scripts/t/011_clusterdb_all.pl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use warnings;
 
 use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
-use Test::More tests => 2;
+use Test::More tests => 4;
 
 my $node = get_new_node('main');
 $node->init;
@@ -17,3 +17,16 @@ $node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'clusterdb', '-a' ],
 	qr/statement: CLUSTER.*statement: CLUSTER/s,
 	'cluster all databases');
+
+$node->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', q(
+	CREATE DATABASE regression_invalid;
+	UPDATE pg_database SET datconnlimit = -2 WHERE datname = 'regression_invalid';
+));
+$node->command_ok([ 'clusterdb', '-a' ],
+  'invalid database not targeted by clusterdb -a');
+
+# Doesn't quite belong here, but don't want to waste time by creating an
+# invalid database in 010_clusterdb.pl as well.
+$node->command_fails([ 'clusterdb', '-d', 'regression_invalid'],
+  'clusterdb cannot target invalid database');
diff --git a/src/bin/scripts/t/050_dropdb.pl b/src/bin/scripts/t/050_dropdb.pl
index c51babe093f..9f5f65e8530 100644
--- a/src/bin/scripts/t/050_dropdb.pl
+++ b/src/bin/scripts/t/050_dropdb.pl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use warnings;
 
 use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
-use Test::More tests => 13;
+use Test::More tests => 14;
 
 program_help_ok('dropdb');
 program_version_ok('dropdb');
@@ -27,3 +27,12 @@ $node->issues_sql_like(
 
 $node->command_fails([ 'dropdb', 'nonexistent' ],
 	'fails with nonexistent database');
+
+# check that invalid database can be dropped with dropdb
+$node->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', q(
+	CREATE DATABASE regression_invalid;
+	UPDATE pg_database SET datconnlimit = -2 WHERE datname = 'regression_invalid';
+));
+$node->command_ok([ 'dropdb', 'regression_invalid' ],
+  'invalid database can be dropped');
diff --git a/src/bin/scripts/t/091_reindexdb_all.pl b/src/bin/scripts/t/091_reindexdb_all.pl
index 8e6041460c5..6990fcea9ae 100644
--- a/src/bin/scripts/t/091_reindexdb_all.pl
+++ b/src/bin/scripts/t/091_reindexdb_all.pl
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use strict;
 use warnings;
 
 use PostgresNode;
-use Test::More tests => 2;
+use Test::More tests => 4;
 
 my $node = get_new_node('main');
 $node->init;
@@ -14,3 +14,16 @@ $node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'reindexdb', '-a' ],
 	qr/statement: REINDEX.*statement: REINDEX/s,
 	'reindex all databases');
+
+$node->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', q(
+	CREATE DATABASE regression_invalid;
+	UPDATE pg_database SET datconnlimit = -2 WHERE datname = 'regression_invalid';
+));
+$node->command_ok([ 'reindexdb', '-a' ],
+  'invalid database not targeted by reindexdb -a');
+
+# Doesn't quite belong here, but don't want to waste time by creating an
+# invalid database in 090_reindexdb.pl as well.
+$node->command_fails([ 'reindexdb', '-d', 'regression_invalid'],
+  'reindexdb cannot target invalid database');
diff --git a/src/bin/scripts/t/101_vacuumdb_all.pl b/src/bin/scripts/t/101_vacuumdb_all.pl
index 43212587e5a..d9055726540 100644
--- a/src/bin/scripts/t/101_vacuumdb_all.pl
+++ b/src/bin/scripts/t/101_vacuumdb_all.pl
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use strict;
 use warnings;
 
 use PostgresNode;
-use Test::More tests => 2;
+use Test::More tests => 4;
 
 my $node = get_new_node('main');
 $node->init;
@@ -12,3 +12,16 @@ $node->issues_sql_like(
 	[ 'vacuumdb', '-a' ],
 	qr/statement: VACUUM.*statement: VACUUM/s,
 	'vacuum all databases');
+
+$node->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', q(
+	CREATE DATABASE regression_invalid;
+	UPDATE pg_database SET datconnlimit = -2 WHERE datname = 'regression_invalid';
+));
+$node->command_ok([ 'vacuumdb', '-a' ],
+  'invalid database not targeted by vacuumdb -a');
+
+# Doesn't quite belong here, but don't want to waste time by creating an
+# invalid database in 010_vacuumdb.pl as well.
+$node->command_fails([ 'vacuumdb', '-d', 'regression_invalid'],
+  'vacuumdb cannot target invalid database');
diff --git a/src/bin/scripts/vacuumdb.c b/src/bin/scripts/vacuumdb.c
index 1cf689cd053..b4de91d6d02 100644
--- a/src/bin/scripts/vacuumdb.c
+++ b/src/bin/scripts/vacuumdb.c
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ vacuum_all_databases(ConnParams *cparams,
 
 	conn = connectMaintenanceDatabase(cparams, progname, echo);
 	result = executeQuery(conn,
-						  "SELECT datname FROM pg_database WHERE datallowconn ORDER BY 1;",
+						  "SELECT datname FROM pg_database WHERE datallowconn AND datconnlimit <> -2 ORDER BY 1;",
 						  echo);
 	PQfinish(conn);