Add backend support for injection points

Injection points are a new facility that makes possible for developers
to run custom code in pre-defined code paths.  Its goal is to provide
ways to design and run advanced tests, for cases like:
- Race conditions, where processes need to do actions in a controlled
ordered manner.
- Forcing a state, like an ERROR, FATAL or even PANIC for OOM, to force
recovery, etc.
- Arbitrary sleeps.

This implements some basics, and there are plans to extend it more in
the future depending on what's required.  Hence, this commit adds a set
of routines in the backend that allows developers to attach, detach and
run injection points:
- A code path calling an injection point can be declared with the macro
INJECTION_POINT(name).
- InjectionPointAttach() and InjectionPointDetach() to respectively
attach and detach a callback to/from an injection point.  An injection
point name is registered in a shmem hash table with a library name and a
function name, which will be used to load the callback attached to an
injection point when its code path is run.

Injection point names are just strings, so as an injection point can be
declared and run by out-of-core extensions and modules, with callbacks
defined in external libraries.

This facility is hidden behind a dedicated switch for ./configure and
meson, disabled by default.

Note that backends use a local cache to store callbacks already loaded,
cleaning up their cache if a callback has found to be removed on a
best-effort basis.  This could be refined further but any tests but what
we have here was fine with the tests I've written while implementing
these backend APIs.

Author: Michael Paquier, with doc suggestions from Ashutosh Bapat.
Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Bapat, Nathan Bossart, Álvaro Herrera, Dilip
Kumar, Amul Sul, Nazir Bilal Yavuz
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ZTiV8tn_MIb_H2rE@paquier.xyz

2 files changed, 40 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/include/pg_config.h.in b/src/include/pg_config.h.in
index 5f16918243c..288bb9cb426 100644
--- a/src/include/pg_config.h.in
+++ b/src/include/pg_config.h.in
@@ -698,6 +698,9 @@
 /* Define to build with ICU support. (--with-icu) */
 #undef USE_ICU
 
+/* Define to 1 to build with injection points. (--enable-injection-points) */
+#undef USE_INJECTION_POINTS
+
 /* Define to 1 to build with LDAP support. (--with-ldap) */
 #undef USE_LDAP
 
diff --git a/src/include/utils/injection_point.h b/src/include/utils/injection_point.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..55524b568ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/utils/injection_point.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * injection_point.h
+ *	  Definitions related to injection points.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2024, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ *
+ * src/include/utils/injection_point.h
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+#ifndef INJECTION_POINT_H
+#define INJECTION_POINT_H
+
+/*
+ * Injections points require --enable-injection-points.
+ */
+#ifdef USE_INJECTION_POINTS
+#define INJECTION_POINT(name) InjectionPointRun(name)
+#else
+#define INJECTION_POINT(name) ((void) name)
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Typedef for callback function launched by an injection point.
+ */
+typedef void (*InjectionPointCallback) (const char *name);
+
+extern Size InjectionPointShmemSize(void);
+extern void InjectionPointShmemInit(void);
+
+extern void InjectionPointAttach(const char *name,
+								 const char *library,
+								 const char *function);
+extern void InjectionPointRun(const char *name);
+extern void InjectionPointDetach(const char *name);
+
+#endif							/* INJECTION_POINT_H */