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diff --git a/doc/FAQ_chinese b/doc/FAQ_chinese index e39c0c77a9f..cae9589bd55 100644 --- a/doc/FAQ_chinese +++ b/doc/FAQ_chinese @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ £¨Portions copyright (c) 1996-2002, PostgreSQL Global Development Group - Portions Copyright (c) 1994-6 Regents of the University of + Portions Copyright (c) 1994-6 Regents of the University of California£© ÔÊÐíΪÈκÎÄ¿µÄʹÓ㬿½±´£¬Ð޸ĺͷַ¢Õâ¸öÈí¼þºÍËüµÄÎĵµ¶ø²»ÊÕÈ¡ÈκηÑÓà @@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ µÄÊé½ÌÊÚ SQL¡££¨Òë×¢£ºÎÒÏÂÔص½±¾µØÁË¡££©ÔÚ http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook ÓÐÁíÍâÒ»±¾¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄÊé¡£ÔÚhttp://www.intermedia.net/support/sql/sqltut.shtm£¬http://ourw - orld.compuserve.com/homepages/graeme_birchall/HTM_COOK.HTM ºÍ + orld.compuserve.com/homepages/graeme_birchall/HTM_COOK.HTM ºÍ http://sqlcourse.com ÓÐÒ»¸ö²»´íµÄÈëÃŽ̡̳£ ÁíÒ»¸öÊÇ "Teach Yourself SQL in 21 Days, Second @@ -320,7 +320,6 @@ ͸´ÔÓµÄËøµÈ¡£ÎÒÃÇ»¹ÓÐһЩËüÃÇûÓеÄÌØÐÔ£¬ÈçÓû§¶¨ÒåÀàÐÍ£¬¼Ì³Ð£¬ ¹æÔòºÍ¶à°æ±¾²¢ÐпØÖÆÒÔ¼õÉÙËøµÄÕùÓõȡ£ - ÐÔÄÜ PostgreSQL ºÍÆäËûÉÌÓúͿªÔ´µÄÊý¾Ý¿â¾ßÓÐÀàËƵÄÐÔÄÜ¡£¶ÔijЩ´¦ÀíËü±È½Ï¿ì£¬¶ÔÆ @@ -338,7 +337,6 @@ ²âÊÔ£¬²¢ÇÒÎÒÃǵķ¢²¼ÀúÊ·ÏÔʾÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÌṩÎȶ¨µÄ£¬Àι̵ģ¬¿ÉÓÃÓÚÉ ú²úʹÓõİ汾¡£ÎÒÃÇÏàÐÅÔÚÕâ·½ÃæÎÒÃÇÓëÆäËûµÄÊý¾Ý¿âÈí¼þÊÇÏ൱µÄ¡£ - Ö§³Ö ÎÒÃǵÄÓʼþÁбíÌṩһ¸ö·Ç³£´óµÄ¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±ºÍÓû§µÄ×éÒÔ°ïÖú½â¾öËùÅöµ ½µÄÈκÎÎÊÌâ¡£ÎÒÃDz»Äܱ£Ö¤¿Ï¶¨Äܽâ¾öÎÊÌ⣬Ïà±È֮ϣ¬ÉÌÓà DBMS @@ -347,7 +345,6 @@ »¹ÒªºÃ¡£»¹ÓÐһЩÉÌÒµÐÔµÄÔ¤°ü×°µÄÖ§³Ö£¬¿ÉÒÔ¸øÌṩ¸øÄÇЩÐèÒªµÄÈË¡ ££¨²ÎÔÄÖ§³Ö FAQ Ìõ¿î 1.6 С½Ú¡££© - ¼Û¸ñ ÎÒÃǶÔÈκÎÓÃ;¶¼Ãâ·Ñ£¬°üÀ¨ÉÌÓúͷÇÉÌÓÃÄ¿µÄ¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔ²»¼ÓÏÞÖƵØÏòÄ ãµÄ²úÆ·Àï¼ÓÈëÎÒÃǵĴúÂ룬³ýÁËÄÇЩÎÒÃÇÔÚÉÏÃæµÄ°æȨÉùÃ÷ÀïÉùÃ÷µÄ @@ -667,7 +664,7 @@ 4.7) ÈçºÎ²é¿´±í¡¢Ë÷Òý¡¢Êý¾Ý¿âÒÔ¼°Óû§µÄ¶¨Ò壿 - psql ÓÐÐí¶à·´Ð±¸ÜÃüÁîÓÃÓÚÏÔʾÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¡£Óà \? ¿´¿´¶¼ÓÐÄÄЩ¡£ÒÔ pg_ + psql ÓÐÐí¶à·´Ð±¸ÜÃüÁîÓÃÓÚÏÔʾÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¡£Óà \? ¿´¿´¶¼ÓÐÄÄЩ¡£ÒÔ pg_ ´òÍ·µÄϵͳ±íÒ²ÃèÊöÁËÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¡£ psql -l ¿ÉÒÔÁгöËùÓеÄÊý¾Ý¿â¡£ Ò²¿ÉÒÔÊÔÊÔÎļþ @@ -692,10 +689,10 @@ ³£»áʹÓÃË÷Òý£¬ÒòΪֻ»á·µ»Ø±íµÄһС²¿·Ö¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬ËäÈ» MAX() ºÍ MIN() ²¢²»Ê¹ÓÃË÷Òý£¬Í¨¹ý¶Ô ORDER BY ºÍ LLIMIT ʹÓÃË÷ÒýÈ¡µÃ×î´óÖµºÍ×îСֵҲÊÇ¿ÉÒԵģº - SELECT col - FROM tab - ORDER BY col [ DESC ] - LIMIT 1; + SELECT col + FROM tab + ORDER BY col [ DESC ] + LIMIT 1; µ±Ê¹ÓÃͨÅä·û²Ù×÷£¬ÀýÈç LIKE »ò ~ ʱ£¬Ë÷ÒýÖ»ÄÜÔÚÌض¨µÄÇé¿öÏÂʹÓ㺠* ×Ö·û´®µÄ¿ªÊ¼²¿·Ö±ØÐëÊÇÆÕͨ×Ö·û´®£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£º @@ -740,11 +737,11 @@ ²Ù×÷·û ~ ´¦ÀíÕýÔò±í´ïʽƥÅ䣬¶ø ~* ´¦Àí´óСдÎ޹صÄÕýÔò±í´ïʽƥÅä¡£´óдЩÎÞ¹ØµÄ LIKE ±äÖÖ³ÉΪ ILIKE¡£ ´óСдÎ޹صĵÈʽ±È½Ïͨ³£Ð´×ö£º - SELECT * - FROM tab - WHERE lower(col) = 'abc'; + SELECT * + FROM tab + WHERE lower(col) = 'abc'; ÕâÑù½«²»»áʹÓñê×¼µÄË÷Òý¡£µ«ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔ´´½¨Ò»¸ö¿É±»ÀûÓõĺ¯ÊýË÷Òý: - CREATE INDEX tabindex ON tab (lower(col)); + CREATE INDEX tabindex ON tab (lower(col)); 4.13) ÔÚÒ»¸ö²éѯÀÎÒÔõÑù¼ì²âÒ»¸ö×Ö¶ÎÊÇ·ñΪ NULL£¿ @@ -752,15 +749,14 @@ 4.14) ¸÷ÖÖ×Ö·ûÀàÐÍÖ®¼äÓÐʲô²»Í¬£¿ - ÀàÐÍ ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ ˵Ã÷ - -------------------------------------------------- - "char" char 1¸ö×Ö·û character - CHAR(#) bpchar - ¶¨³¤×Ö·û´®£¬Êµ¼ÊÊý¾Ý²»×㶨Ò峤¶Èʱ£¬ÒÔ¿Õ¸ñ²¹Æë - VARCHAR(#) varchar + ÀàÐÍ ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ ˵Ã÷ + -------------------------------------------------- + "char" char 1¸ö×Ö·û character + CHAR(#) bpchar ¶¨³¤×Ö·û´®£¬Êµ¼ÊÊý¾Ý²»×㶨Ò峤¶Èʱ£¬ÒÔ¿Õ¸ñ²¹Æë + VARCHAR(#) varchar Ö¸¶¨ÁË×î´ó³¤¶È£¬±ä³¤×Ö·û´®£¬²»×㶨Ò峤¶ÈµÄ²¿·Ö²»²¹Æë - TEXT text ´®³¤¶È½öÊÜÐеÄ×î´ó³¤¶ÈÏÞÖÆ - BYTEA bytea ±ä³¤×Ö½ÚÐòÁУ¨±ä³¤µÄ¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£© + TEXT text ´®³¤¶È½öÊÜÐеÄ×î´ó³¤¶ÈÏÞÖÆ + BYTEA bytea ±ä³¤×Ö½ÚÐòÁУ¨±ä³¤µÄ¶þ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£© ÔÚϵͳ±íºÍÔÚһЩ´íÎóÐÅÏ¢ÀïÄ㽫¿´µ½ÄÚ²¿Ãû³Æ¡£ ÉÏÃæ×îºóËÄÖÖÀàÐÍÊÇ"varlena"£¨±ä³¤£©ÀàÐÍ£¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬¿ªÍ·µÄËĸö×Ö½ÚÊdz¤¶ È£¬ºóÃæ²ÅÊÇÊý¾Ý£©¡£ÓÚÊÇʵ¼ÊÕ¼ÓõĿռä±ÈÉùÃ÷µÄ´óСҪ¶àһЩ¡£È»¶øÕâЩÀàÐ @@ -776,18 +772,17 @@ PostgreSQL Ö§³Ö SERIAL Êý¾ÝÀàÐÍ¡£ËüÔÚ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ×Ô¶¯´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÍË÷Òý¡£ÀýÈ磬 - CREATE TABLE person ( - id SERIAL, - name TEXT - ); + CREATE TABLE person ( + id SERIAL, + name TEXT + ); »á×Ô¶¯×ª»»Îª£º - - CREATE SEQUENCE person_id_seq; - CREATE TABLE person ( - id INT4 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('person_id_seq'), - name TEXT - ); - CREATE UNIQUE INDEX person_id_key ON person ( id ); + CREATE SEQUENCE person_id_seq; + CREATE TABLE person ( + id INT4 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('person_id_seq'), + name TEXT + ); + CREATE UNIQUE INDEX person_id_key ON person ( id ); ²Î¿¼ create_sequence ÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡¹ØÓÚÐòÁеĸü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÓÃÿÐÐµÄ oid ×Ö¶Î×÷Ϊһ¸öΨһֵ¡£²»¹ý£¬Èç¹ûÄãÐèÒªÇãµ¹ºÍÖØÔØÊý¾Ý¿â£¬ÄãÐèҪʹÓà pg_dump µÄ -o Ñ¡Ïî»òÕß COPY WITH OIDS Ñ¡ÏîÒÔ±£Áô OID¡£ @@ -796,8 +791,8 @@ Ò»ÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ²åÈë֮ǰÏÈÓú¯Êý nextval() ´ÓÐòÁжÔÏóÀï¼ìË÷³öÏÂÒ»¸ö SERIAL Öµ£¬È»ºóÔÙÏÔʽ²åÈ롣ʹÓà 4.15.1 ÀïµÄÀý±í£¬¿ÉÓÃαÂëÕâÑùÃèÊö£º - new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')"); - execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise + new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')"); + execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise Pascal')"); ÕâÑù»¹ÄÜÔÚÆäËû²éѯÖÐʹÓôæ·ÅÔÚ new_id ÀïµÄÐÂÖµ£¨ÀýÈ磬×÷Ϊ person ±íµÄÍâ¼ü£©¡£×¢Òâ×Ô¶¯´´½¨µÄ SEQUENCE ¶ÔÏóµÄÃû³Æ½«»áÊÇ @@ -805,8 +800,8 @@ ·Ö±ðÊÇÄãµÄ±íµÄÃû³ÆºÍÄãµÄ SERIAL ×ֶεÄÃû³Æ¡£ ÀàËƵģ¬ÔÚ SERIAL ¶ÔÏóȱʡ²åÈëºóÄã¿ÉÒÔÓú¯Êý currval() ¼ìË÷¸Õ¸³ÖµµÄ SERIAL Öµ£¬ÀýÈ磬 - execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')"); - new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')"); + execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')"); + new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')"); ×îºó£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ´Ó INSERT Óï¾ä·µ»ØµÄ OID ²éÕÒȱʡֵ£¬¾¡¹ÜÕâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ×îȱ·¦ÒÆÖ²ÐԵķ½·¨¡£ÔÚ Perl ÀʹÓôøÓÐ Edmund Mergl µÄ DBD::Pg Ä£¿éµÄ DBI£¬oid Öµ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý $sth->execute() @@ -836,11 +831,11 @@ Öµ¡£¿ÉÒÔÔÚ OID ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ´´½¨Ò»¸öË÷ÒýÒÔ¿ìËÙ·ÃÎÊ¡£ OID ´ÓÒ»¸ö±»ËùÓÐÊý¾Ý¿âʹÓõÄÖÐÐÄÇøÓòÀ︳ֵ¸øËùÓÐÐÂÐС£Èç¹ûÄãÏë°Ñ OID ¸Ä³É±ðµÄÖµ£¬»òÕßÏë×öÒ»·Ý±íµÄ´øÔʼ OID µÄ¿½±´£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ×öµ½£º - CREATE TABLE new(old_oid oid, mycol int); - SELECT old_oid, mycol INTO new FROM old; - COPY new TO '/tmp/pgtable'; - DELETE FROM new; - COPY new WITH OIDS FROM '/tmp/pgtable'; + CREATE TABLE new(old_oid oid, mycol int); + SELECT old_oid, mycol INTO new FROM old; + COPY new TO '/tmp/pgtable'; + DELETE FROM new; + COPY new WITH OIDS FROM '/tmp/pgtable'; OID ÓÃ4×Ö½ÚµÄÕûÊý±£´æ£¬ÔÚ³¬¹ý40ÒÚʱ½«Òç³ö¡£Ã»ÓÐÈ˱¨¸æ³öÏÖ¹ýÒç³ö£¬¶øÎÒÃÇ´òË ãÔÚÓÐÈ˱¨¸æ֮ǰÏû³ýÕâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£ @@ -851,15 +846,15 @@ һЩԴ´úÂëºÍһЩ¾ÉÒ»µãµÄÎĵµÊ¹ÓÃһЩÓиü³£ÓÃÓ÷¨µÄÊõÓï¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÆäÖÐÒ»²¿ ·Ö£º - table, relation, class - row, record, tuple - column, field, attribute - retrieve, select - replace, update - append, insert - OID, serial value - portal, cursor - range variable, table name, table alias + table, relation, class + row, record, tuple + column, field, attribute + retrieve, select + replace, update + append, insert + OID, serial value + portal, cursor + range variable, table name, table alias ÓÐÒ»¸öͨÓÃÊý¾Ý¿âÊõÓïµÄÁÐ±í£ºhttp://hea-www.harvard.edu/MST/simul/softw are/docs/pkgs/pgsql/glossary/glossary.html ¡£ @@ -867,8 +862,8 @@ ÕâºÜ¿ÉÄÜÊÇϵͳµÄÐéÄâÄÚ´æÓùâÁË£¬»òÕßÄں˶ÔijЩ×ÊÔ´Óнϵ͵ÄÏÞÖÆÖµ¡£ÔÚÆô ¶¯ postmaster ֮ǰÊÔÊÔÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁ - ulimit -d 262144 - limit datasize 256m + ulimit -d 262144 + limit datasize 256m È¡¾öÓÚÄãÓÃµÄ shell£¬ÉÏÃæÃüÁîÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÌõÄܳɹ¦£¬µ«ÊÇËü½«°ÑÄãµÄ½ø³ÌÊý¾Ý¶ÎÏÞÖÆÉèµÃ±È½Ï¸ß£ ¬Òò¶øÒ²ÐíÄÜÈòéѯÍê³É¡£ÕâÌõÃüÁîÓ¦ÓÃÓÚµ±Ç°½ø³Ì£¬ÒÔ¼°ËùÓÐÔÚÕâÌõÃüÁîÔËÐк @@ -894,32 +889,31 @@ 4.21) ÎÒÈçºÎ´´½¨Ò»¸öȱʡֵÊǵ±Ç°Ê±¼äµÄ×ֶΣ¿ ʹÓà CURRENT_TIMESTAMP£º - CREATE TABLE test(x int, modtime timestamp DEFAULT - CURRENT_TIMESTAMP); + CREATE TABLE test(x int, modtime timestamp DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP); 4.22) ΪʲôʹÓà IN µÄ×Ó²éѯÕâôÂý£¿ Ä¿Ç°£¬ÎÒÃÇͨ¹ýΪÍâ²éѯµÄÿһÐÐ˳ÐòɨÃè×Ó²éѯµÄ½á¹ûÀ´Á¬½Ó×Ó²éѯºÍÍâ²éѯ ¡£Èç¹û×Ó²éѯ·µ»ØÉÙÊý¼¸ÐУ¬¶øÍâ²éѯ·µ»ØºÜ¶àÐУ¬IN Ö´Ðеúܿ졣ΪÁ˼ӿìÆäËû IN ²éѯµÄÖ´ÐУ¬¿ÉÒÔÓà EXISTS Ìæ»» IN£º - SELECT * - FROM tab - WHERE col IN (SELECT subcol FROM subtab); + SELECT * + FROM tab + WHERE col IN (SELECT subcol FROM subtab); ¸ÄΪ£º - SELECT * - FROM tab - WHERE EXISTS (SELECT subcol FROM subtab WHERE subcol = col); + SELECT * + FROM tab + WHERE EXISTS (SELECT subcol FROM subtab WHERE subcol = col); ºóÕßÒªÏëÖ´Ðеøü¿ì£¬subcol Ó¦¸ÃÊÇÒ»¸öË÷ÒýÁС£ÎÒÃÇÏ£ÍûÔÚδÀ´µÄ·¢²¼°æ±¾ÖÐÐÞ²¹Õâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£ 4.23) ÎÒÔõÑù½øÐÐ outer join £¨ÍâÁ¬½Ó£©£¿ PostgreSQL ²ÉÓñê×¼µÄ SQL Óï·¨Ö§³ÖÍâÁ¬½Ó¡£ÕâÀïÊÇÁ½¸öÀý×Ó£º - SELECT * - FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 ON (t1.col = t2.col); + SELECT * + FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 ON (t1.col = t2.col); »ò - SELECT * - FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 USING (col); + SELECT * + FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 USING (col); ÕâÁ½¸öµÈ¼ÛµÄ²éѯÔÚ t1.col ºÍ t2.col ÉÏ×öÁ¬½Ó£¬²¢ÇÒ·µâ»?t1 ÖÐËùÓÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐУ¨ÄÇЩÔÚ t2 ÖÐûÓÐÆ¥ÅäµÄÐУ©¡£ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½Ó(RIGHT OUTER JOIN)½«·µ»Ø t2 ÖÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐС£ÍêÈ«ÍâÁ¬½Ó£¨FULL OUTER JOIN£©½«·µ»Ø t1 ºÍ @@ -928,14 +922,14 @@ £¨INNER JOIN£©¡£ ÔÚ´ËÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬ÍâÁ¬½Ó¿ÉÒÔÓà UNION ºÍ NOT IN À´Ä£Äâ¡£ÀýÈ磬ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ÓÔÚ±í tab1 ºÍ tab2 Ö®¼ä×öÍâÁ¬½Ó£º - SELECT tab1.col1, tab2.col2 - FROM tab1, tab2 - WHERE tab1.col1 = tab2.col1 - UNION ALL - SELECT tab1.col1, NULL - FROM tab1 - WHERE tab1.col1 NOT IN (SELECT tab2.col1 FROM tab2) - ORDER BY col1 + SELECT tab1.col1, tab2.col2 + FROM tab1, tab2 + WHERE tab1.col1 = tab2.col1 + UNION ALL + SELECT tab1.col1, NULL + FROM tab1 + WHERE tab1.col1 NOT IN (SELECT tab2.col1 FROM tab2) + ORDER BY col1 4.24) ÈçºÎʹÓÃÉæ¼°¶à¸öÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ²éѯ£¿ @@ -961,8 +955,7 @@ 4.27) ÓÐÄÄЩÊý¾Ý¸´ÖÆÑ¡Ï Óм¸ÖÖÖ÷/´Ó·½Ê½µÄ¸´ÖÆÑ¡Ïî¡£ÕâЩѡÏîÖ»ÔÊÐíÖ÷Êý¾Ý¿â½øÐиüУ¬´ÓÊý¾Ý¿âÖ»Ä - ܽøÐжÁ¡£ÍøÒ³ - http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/genpage?replication_research + ܽøÐжÁ¡£ÍøÒ³ http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/genpage?replication_research µÄ×îºóÁгöÁËÕâЩѡÏî¡£ÔÚ http://gborg.PostgreSQL.org/project/pgreplication/projdisplay.php ÕýÔÚ½øÐÐÒ»¸ö¶àÖ÷±¾¸´ÖƵĽâ¾ö·½°¸¡£ diff --git a/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_chinese.html b/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_chinese.html index 493fbeb8fe0..744496dd627 100644 --- a/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_chinese.html +++ b/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ_chinese.html @@ -1,522 +1,593 @@ +<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <!-- saved from url=(0063)file://I:\Wlzhang\MyDoc\postgresql\FAQcn.files\postgres-faq.htm --> -<!-- saved from url=(0046)http://laser.zhengmai.com.cn/postgres-faq.html --><HTML><HEAD><TITLE>PostgreSQL - 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+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content= +"text/html; CHARSET=gb2312" /> +<meta content="Microsoft FrontPage 4.0" name="GENERATOR" /> +</head> +<body alink="#0000FF" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" link="#FF0000" text= +"#000000" vlink="#A00000"> +<h1>PostgreSQL ³£¼ûÎÊÌ⣨FAQ£©</h1> +×î½ü¸üУº2003 Äê 01 Ô 06 ÈÕ ÐÇÆÚÒ» 22:27:35 CST +<p>Ŀǰά»¤ÈËÔ±£ºBruce Momjian (<a href= +"mailto:pgman@candle.pha.pa.us">pgman@candle.pha.pa.us</a>)<br /> +ÖÐÎÄ°æά»¤ÈËÔ±£ººÎΰƽ £¨laser@pgsqldb.com £©</p> +<p>±¾ÎĵµµÄ×îа汾¿ÉÒÔÔÚ<a href= +"http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html">http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ.html</a> +²é¿´¡£</p> +<p>²Ù×÷ϵͳƽ̨Ïà¹ØµÄÎÊÌâÔÚ<a href= +"http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/">http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faq/</a>Àï»Ø´ð¡£<br /> +</p> +<hr /> +<center> +<h2>³£¼ûÎÊÌâ</h2> +</center> +<a href="#1.1">1.1</a>) PostgreSQL ÊÇʲô£¿¸ÃÔõô·¢Òô£¿<br /> +<a href="#1.2">1.2</a>) PostgreSQL µÄ°æȨÊÇʲô?<br /> +<a href="#1.3">1.3</a>) PostgreSQL ÔËÐÐÔÚʲô Unix ƽ̨ÉÏ£¿<br /> +<a 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+<p>ÎÒÃǼƻ®Ã¿ËĸöÔ·¢²¼Ò»¸öÖ÷Òª°æ±¾¡£</p> +<h4><a name="1.8"></a>1.8) ÓÐÄÄЩ¿ÉÓÃµÄ PostgreSQL µÄÎĵµ£¿</h4> +ÔÚ·¢²¼°üÀïÓÐһЩÊֲᣬÊÖ²áÒ³ºÍһЩСµÄ²âÊÔÀý×Ó¡£²Î¼û /doc +Ŀ¼¡££¨Òë×¢£ºÓ¦Îª $PGHOME/doc£©¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÔÚÏßä¯ÀÀ PostgreSQL +µÄÊֲᣬÔÚ <a href= +"http://www.PostgreSQL.org/users-lounge/docs/">http://www.PostgreSQL.org/users-lounge/docs/</a> +¡£ +<p>ÓÐÁ½±¾¹ØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄÊéÔÚÏßÌṩ£¬ÔÚ <a href= +"http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/awbook.html">http://www.PostgreSQL.org/docs/awbook.html</a> +ºÍ <a href= +"http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook/">http://www.commandprompt.com/ppbook/</a> +¡£ÔÚ <a href= +"http://www.ca.PostgreSQL.org/books/">http://www.ca.PostgreSQL.org/books/</a> +ÉÏÓйØÓÚ PostgreSQL µÄ¿É¹ºÊé¼®µÄÁÐ±í¡£ÔÚ <a href= +"http://techdocs.PostgreSQL.org/">http://techdocs.PostgreSQL.org/</a> +ÉÏÊÕ¼¯ÁËÓÐ¹Ø PostgreSQL µÄ¼¼ÊõÎÄÕ¡£</p> +<p><i>psql</i> ÓÐһЩ²»´íµÄ \d +ÃüÁÏÔʾ¹ØÓÚÀàÐÍ£¬²Ù×÷·û£¬º¯Êý£¬¾Û¼¯µÈµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£</p> +<p>ÎÒÃÇµÄ web Õ¾µã°üº¬¸ü¶àµÄÎĵµ£®</p> +<h4><a name="1.9"></a>1.9) ÎÒÈçºÎÁ˽âÒÑÖªµÄ BUG 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<p>PostgreSQL Ö§³Ö SERIAL Êý¾ÝÀàÐÍ¡£ËüÔÚ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ×Ô¶¯´´½¨Ò»¸öÐòÁкÍË÷Òý¡£ÀýÈ磬<br> - CREATE TABLE person ( <br> - id SERIAL, <br> - name TEXT <br> - );<br> - <br> - »á×Ô¶¯×ª»»Îª£º <br> - <br> - CREATE SEQUENCE person_id_seq;<br> - CREATE TABLE person ( <br> - id INT4 NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval('person_id_seq'),<br> - name TEXT <br> - );<br> - CREATE UNIQUE INDEX person_id_key ON person ( id );<br> - <br> - ²Î¿¼ create_sequence ÊÖ²áÒ³»ñÈ¡¹ØÓÚÐòÁеĸü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔÓÃÿÐÐµÄ oid ×Ö¶Î×÷Ϊһ¸öΨһֵ¡£²»¹ý£¬Èç¹ûÄãÐèÒªÇãµ¹ºÍÖØÔØÊý¾Ý¿â£¬ÄãÐèҪʹÓà pg_dump µÄ -o Ñ¡Ïî»òÕß COPY WITH OIDS Ñ¡ÏîÒÔ±£Áô OID¡£ </p> - <h4><a name="4.15.2"></a>4.15.2) - ÎÒÈçºÎ»ñµÃÒ»¸ö²åÈëµÄÐòÁкŵÄÖµ£¿</h4> - <p>Ò»ÖÖ·½·¨ÊÇÔÚ²åÈë֮ǰÏÈÓú¯Êý nextval() ´ÓÐòÁжÔÏóÀï¼ìË÷³öÏÂÒ»¸ö SERIAL Öµ£¬È»ºóÔÙÏÔʽ²åÈ롣ʹÓà - <a href="#4.15.1"> 4.15.1</a> ÀïµÄÀý±í£¬¿ÉÓÃαÂëÕâÑùÃèÊö£º <br> - <br> - new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");<br> - execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise Pascal')");<br> - <br> - ÕâÑù»¹ÄÜÔÚÆäËû²éѯÖÐʹÓôæ·ÅÔÚ new_id ÀïµÄÐÂÖµ£¨ÀýÈ磬×÷Ϊ person ±íµÄÍâ¼ü£©¡£×¢Òâ×Ô¶¯´´½¨µÄ SEQUENCE ¶ÔÏóµÄÃû³Æ½«»áÊÇ <table>_<serialcolumn>_seq£¬ÕâÀï table ºÍ serialcolumn ·Ö±ðÊÇÄãµÄ±íµÄÃû³ÆºÍÄãµÄ SERIAL ×ֶεÄÃû³Æ¡£ <br> - <br> - ÀàËƵģ¬ÔÚ SERIAL ¶ÔÏóȱʡ²åÈëºóÄã¿ÉÒÔÓú¯Êý currval() ¼ìË÷¸Õ¸³ÖµµÄ SERIAL Öµ£¬ÀýÈ磬 <br> - <br> - execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise Pascal')");<br> - new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')");<br> - <br> - ×îºó£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ´Ó INSERT Óï¾ä·µ»ØµÄ <a href="4.16">OID</a> - ²éÕÒȱʡֵ£¬¾¡¹ÜÕâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ×îȱ·¦ÒÆÖ²ÐԵķ½·¨¡£ÔÚ Perl ÀʹÓôøÓÐ Edmund Mergl µÄ DBD::Pg Ä£¿éµÄ DBI£¬oid Öµ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý $sth->execute() ºóµÄ $sth->{pg_oid_status} »ñµÃ¡£ </p> - <h4><a name="4.15.3"></a>4.15.3) ʹÓà currval() ºÍ nextval() »áµ¼ÖÂÒ»¸öÓëÆäËûÓû§Ö®¼äµÄÎÉÂÒÇé¿öÂð£¿</h4> - <p>²»»á¡£currval() ·µ»Øºǫ́½ø³Ì¶ø²»ÊÇËùÓÐÓû§¸³ÓèµÄµ±Ç°Öµ¡£<br> - </p> - <h4><a name="4.15.4"></a>4.15.4) - Ϊʲô²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁкÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁкÅ×ֶεÄÈ¡ÖµÖдæÔÚ¼ä¶ÏÄØ£¿</h4> - <p>ΪÁËÌá¸ß²¢·¢ÐÔ£¬ÐòÁкÅÔÚÐèÒªµÄʱºò¸³ÓèÕýÔÚÔËÐеÄÊÂÎñ£¬²¢ÇÒÖ»ÔÚÊÂÎñ½áÊø֮ǰ²»·âËø¡£Õâ¾Í»áµ¼ÖÂزÕÛÊÂÎñºóµÄÐòÁкųöÏÖ¼ä¸ô¡£</p> - <h4><br> - <a name="4.16"></a>4.16) ʲôÊÇ OID£¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ TID£¿</h4> - <p>OID ÊÇ PostgreSQL ÖÐÐеÄΨһ±êʶ¡£PostgreSQL Àï´´½¨µÄÿһÐж¼»ñµÃÒ»¸öΨһµÄ OID¡£ËùÓÐÔÚ initdb ¹ý³ÌÖд´½¨µÄ OID ¶¼Ð¡ÓÚ 16384 £¨²Î¼û include/access/transam.h£©¡£ËùÓÐÓû§´´½¨µÄ OID ¶¼´óÓÚ»òµÈÓÚÕâ¸öÖµ¡£È±Ê¡Ê±£¬ËùÓÐÕâЩ OID ²»½öÔÚÒ»¸ö±í»òÒ»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âÀïÃæΨһ£¬¶øÇÒÔÚÕû¸ö PostgreSQL °²×°ÀïÒ²ÊÇΨһµÄ¡£ <br> - <br> - PostgreSQL ÔÚËüµÄÄÚ²¿ÏµÍ³±íÀïʹÓà OID ÔÚ±íÖ®¼ä½¨Á¢ÁªÏµ¡£ÕâЩ OID ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚ±êʶÌض¨µÄÓû§ÐÐÒÔ¼°ÓÃÔÚÁ¬½ÓÀï¡£½¨ÒéʹÓÃ×Ö¶ÎÀàÐÍ OID ´æ´¢ OID Öµ¡£¿ÉÒÔÔÚ OID ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ´´½¨Ò»¸öË÷ÒýÒÔ¿ìËÙ·ÃÎÊ¡£ <br> - <br> - OID ´ÓÒ»¸ö±»ËùÓÐÊý¾Ý¿âʹÓõÄÖÐÐÄÇøÓòÀ︳ֵ¸øËùÓÐÐÂÐС£Èç¹ûÄãÏë°Ñ OID ¸Ä³É±ðµÄÖµ£¬»òÕßÏë×öÒ»·Ý±íµÄ´øÔʼ OID µÄ¿½±´£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ×öµ½£º <br> - <br> - CREATE TABLE new(old_oid oid, mycol int);<br> - SELECT old_oid, mycol INTO new FROM old;<br> - COPY new TO '/tmp/pgtable';<br> - DELETE FROM new;<br> - COPY new WITH OIDS FROM '/tmp/pgtable';<br> - <br> - OID ÓÃ4×Ö½ÚµÄÕûÊý±£´æ£¬ÔÚ³¬¹ý40ÒÚʱ½«Òç³ö¡£Ã»ÓÐÈ˱¨¸æ³öÏÖ¹ýÒç³ö£¬¶øÎÒÃÇ´òËãÔÚÓÐÈ˱¨¸æ֮ǰÏû³ýÕâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£<br> - <br> - TID ÓÃÓÚ±êʶ´ø×ÅÊý¾Ý¿é£¨µØÖ·£©ºÍ£¨¿éÄÚ£©Æ«ÒƵÄÌض¨µÄÎïÀíÐС£TID ÔÚÐб»¸ü¸Ä»òÖØÔغó·¢Éú¸Ä±ä¡£Ë÷ÒýÈë¿ÚʹÓÃËüÃÇÖ¸ÏòÎïÀíÐС£</p> - <h4><a name="4.17"></a>4.17) PostgreSQL ʹÓõÄһЩÊõÓïµÄº¬ÒåÊÇʲô£¿</h4> - <p>һЩԴ´úÂëºÍһЩ¾ÉÒ»µãµÄÎĵµÊ¹ÓÃһЩÓиü³£ÓÃÓ÷¨µÄÊõÓï¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÆäÖÐÒ»²¿·Ö£º <br> - table, relation, class <br> - row, record, tuple <br> - column, field, attribute <br> - retrieve, select <br> - replace, update <br> - append, insert <br> - OID, serial value <br> - portal, cursor <br> - range variable, table name, table alias <br> - <br> - ÓÐÒ»¸öͨÓÃÊý¾Ý¿âÊõÓïµÄÁÐ±í£º<a href="http://hea-www.harvard.edu/MST/simul/software/docs/pkgs/pgsql/glossary/glossary.html">http://hea-www.harvard.edu/MST/simul/software/docs/pkgs/pgsql/glossary/glossary.html</a> - ¡£ </p> - <h4><a name="4.18"></a>4.18) - ΪʲôÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎó¡°<i>ERROR: Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()</i>¡±£¿</h4> - <p>ÕâºÜ¿ÉÄÜÊÇϵͳµÄÐéÄâÄÚ´æÓùâÁË£¬»òÕßÄں˶ÔijЩ×ÊÔ´Óнϵ͵ÄÏÞÖÆÖµ¡£ÔÚÆô¶¯ postmaster ֮ǰÊÔÊÔÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁ <br> - <br> - ulimit -d 262144<br> - limit datasize 256m<br> - <br> - È¡¾öÓÚÄãÓÃµÄ shell£¬ÉÏÃæÃüÁîÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÌõÄܳɹ¦£¬µ«ÊÇËü½«°ÑÄãµÄ½ø³ÌÊý¾Ý¶ÎÏÞÖÆÉèµÃ±È½Ï¸ß£¬Òò¶øÒ²ÐíÄÜÈòéѯÍê³É¡£ÕâÌõÃüÁîÓ¦ÓÃÓÚµ±Ç°½ø³Ì£¬ÒÔ¼°ËùÓÐÔÚÕâÌõÃüÁîÔËÐк󴴽¨µÄ×Ó½ø³Ì¡£Èç¹ûÄãÊÇÔÚÔËÐÐSQL¿Í»§¶ËʱÒòΪºǫ́·µ»ØÁËÌ«¶àµÄÊý¾Ý¶ø³öÏÖÎÊÌ⣬ÇëÔÚÔËÐпͻ§¶Ë֮ǰִÐÐÉÏÊöÃüÁî¡£</p> - <h4><a name="4.19"></a>4.19) - ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL µÄ°æ±¾£¿</h4> - <p>´Ó psql À¼üÈë SELECT version()£»<br> - 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execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");<br /> + execute("INSERT INTO person (id, name) VALUES (new_id, 'Blaise +Pascal')");<br /> +<br /> +ÕâÑù»¹ÄÜÔÚÆäËû²éѯÖÐʹÓôæ·ÅÔÚ new_id ÀïµÄÐÂÖµ£¨ÀýÈ磬×÷Ϊ person +±íµÄÍâ¼ü£©¡£×¢Òâ×Ô¶¯´´½¨µÄ SEQUENCE ¶ÔÏóµÄÃû³Æ½«»áÊÇ +<table>_<serialcolumn>_seq£¬ÕâÀï table ºÍ serialcolumn +·Ö±ðÊÇÄãµÄ±íµÄÃû³ÆºÍÄãµÄ SERIAL ×ֶεÄÃû³Æ¡£ <br /> +<br /> +ÀàËƵģ¬ÔÚ SERIAL ¶ÔÏóȱʡ²åÈëºóÄã¿ÉÒÔÓú¯Êý currval() ¼ìË÷¸Õ¸³ÖµµÄ +SERIAL Öµ£¬ÀýÈ磬 <br /> +<br /> + execute("INSERT INTO person (name) VALUES ('Blaise +Pascal')");<br /> + new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')");<br /> +<br /> +×îºó£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ´Ó INSERT Óï¾ä·µ»ØµÄ <a href="4.16">OID</a> +²éÕÒȱʡֵ£¬¾¡¹ÜÕâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ×îȱ·¦ÒÆÖ²ÐԵķ½·¨¡£ÔÚ Perl ÀʹÓôøÓÐ +Edmund Mergl µÄ DBD::Pg Ä£¿éµÄ DBI£¬oid Öµ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý +$sth->execute() ºóµÄ $sth->{pg_oid_status} »ñµÃ¡£ </p> +<h4><a name="4.15.3"></a>4.15.3) ʹÓà currval() ºÍ nextval() +»áµ¼ÖÂÒ»¸öÓëÆäËûÓû§Ö®¼äµÄÎÉÂÒÇé¿öÂð£¿</h4> +<p>²»»á¡£currval() +·µ»Øºǫ́½ø³Ì¶ø²»ÊÇËùÓÐÓû§¸³ÓèµÄµ±Ç°Öµ¡£<br /></p> +<h4><a name="4.15.4"></a>4.15.4) +Ϊʲô²»ÔÚÊÂÎñÒì³£ÖÐÖ¹ºóÖØÓÃÐòÁкÅÄØ£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚÐòÁкÅ×ֶεÄÈ¡ÖµÖдæÔÚ¼ä¶ÏÄØ£¿</h4> +<p> +ΪÁËÌá¸ß²¢·¢ÐÔ£¬ÐòÁкÅÔÚÐèÒªµÄʱºò¸³ÓèÕýÔÚÔËÐеÄÊÂÎñ£¬²¢ÇÒÖ»ÔÚÊÂÎñ½áÊø֮ǰ²»·âËø¡£Õâ¾Í»áµ¼ÖÂزÕÛÊÂÎñºóµÄÐòÁкųöÏÖ¼ä¸ô¡£</p> +<h4><br /> +<a name="4.16"></a>4.16) ʲôÊÇ OID£¿Ê²Ã´ÊÇ TID£¿</h4> +<p>OID ÊÇ PostgreSQL ÖÐÐеÄΨһ±êʶ¡£PostgreSQL +Àï´´½¨µÄÿһÐж¼»ñµÃÒ»¸öΨһµÄ OID¡£ËùÓÐÔÚ initdb ¹ý³ÌÖд´½¨µÄ OID +¶¼Ð¡ÓÚ 16384 £¨²Î¼û include/access/transam.h£©¡£ËùÓÐÓû§´´½¨µÄ OID +¶¼´óÓÚ»òµÈÓÚÕâ¸öÖµ¡£È±Ê¡Ê±£¬ËùÓÐÕâЩ OID +²»½öÔÚÒ»¸ö±í»òÒ»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âÀïÃæΨһ£¬¶øÇÒÔÚÕû¸ö PostgreSQL +°²×°ÀïÒ²ÊÇΨһµÄ¡£ <br /> +<br /> +PostgreSQL ÔÚËüµÄÄÚ²¿ÏµÍ³±íÀïʹÓà OID ÔÚ±íÖ®¼ä½¨Á¢ÁªÏµ¡£ÕâЩ OID +¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚ±êʶÌض¨µÄÓû§ÐÐÒÔ¼°ÓÃÔÚÁ¬½ÓÀï¡£½¨ÒéʹÓÃ×Ö¶ÎÀàÐÍ OID ´æ´¢ +OID Öµ¡£¿ÉÒÔÔÚ OID ×Ö¶ÎÉÏ´´½¨Ò»¸öË÷ÒýÒÔ¿ìËÙ·ÃÎÊ¡£ <br /> +<br /> +OID ´ÓÒ»¸ö±»ËùÓÐÊý¾Ý¿âʹÓõÄÖÐÐÄÇøÓòÀ︳ֵ¸øËùÓÐÐÂÐС£Èç¹ûÄãÏë°Ñ +OID ¸Ä³É±ðµÄÖµ£¬»òÕßÏë×öÒ»·Ý±íµÄ´øÔʼ OID µÄ¿½±´£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ×öµ½£º +<br /> +<br /> + CREATE TABLE new(old_oid oid, mycol int);<br /> + SELECT old_oid, mycol INTO new FROM old;<br /> + COPY new TO '/tmp/pgtable';<br /> + DELETE FROM new;<br /> + COPY new WITH OIDS FROM '/tmp/pgtable';<br /> +<br /> +OID +ÓÃ4×Ö½ÚµÄÕûÊý±£´æ£¬ÔÚ³¬¹ý40ÒÚʱ½«Òç³ö¡£Ã»ÓÐÈ˱¨¸æ³öÏÖ¹ýÒç³ö£¬¶øÎÒÃÇ´òËãÔÚÓÐÈ˱¨¸æ֮ǰÏû³ýÕâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£<br /> + +<br /> +TID ÓÃÓÚ±êʶ´ø×ÅÊý¾Ý¿é£¨µØÖ·£©ºÍ£¨¿éÄÚ£©Æ«ÒƵÄÌض¨µÄÎïÀíÐС£TID +ÔÚÐб»¸ü¸Ä»òÖØÔغó·¢Éú¸Ä±ä¡£Ë÷ÒýÈë¿ÚʹÓÃËüÃÇÖ¸ÏòÎïÀíÐС£</p> +<h4><a name="4.17"></a>4.17) PostgreSQL +ʹÓõÄһЩÊõÓïµÄº¬ÒåÊÇʲô£¿</h4> +<p> +һЩԴ´úÂëºÍһЩ¾ÉÒ»µãµÄÎĵµÊ¹ÓÃһЩÓиü³£ÓÃÓ÷¨µÄÊõÓï¡£ÏÂÃæÊÇÆäÖÐÒ»²¿·Ö£º +<br /> + table, relation, class <br /> + row, record, tuple <br /> + column, field, attribute <br /> + retrieve, select <br /> + replace, update <br /> + append, insert <br /> + OID, serial value <br /> + portal, cursor <br /> + range variable, table name, table alias <br /> +<br /> +ÓÐÒ»¸öͨÓÃÊý¾Ý¿âÊõÓïµÄÁÐ±í£º<a href= +"http://hea-www.harvard.edu/MST/simul/software/docs/pkgs/pgsql/glossary/glossary.html">http://hea-www.harvard.edu/MST/simul/software/docs/pkgs/pgsql/glossary/glossary.html</a> +¡£ </p> +<h4><a name="4.18"></a>4.18) ΪʲôÎÒÊÕµ½´íÎó¡°<i>ERROR: Memory +exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()</i>¡±£¿</h4> +<p> +ÕâºÜ¿ÉÄÜÊÇϵͳµÄÐéÄâÄÚ´æÓùâÁË£¬»òÕßÄں˶ÔijЩ×ÊÔ´Óнϵ͵ÄÏÞÖÆÖµ¡£ÔÚÆô¶¯ +postmaster ֮ǰÊÔÊÔÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁ <br /> +<br /> + ulimit -d 262144<br /> + limit datasize 256m<br /> +<br /> +È¡¾öÓÚÄãÓÃµÄ +shell£¬ÉÏÃæÃüÁîÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÌõÄܳɹ¦£¬µ«ÊÇËü½«°ÑÄãµÄ½ø³ÌÊý¾Ý¶ÎÏÞÖÆÉèµÃ±È½Ï¸ß£¬Òò¶øÒ²ÐíÄÜÈòéѯÍê³É¡£ÕâÌõÃüÁîÓ¦ÓÃÓÚµ±Ç°½ø³Ì£¬ÒÔ¼°ËùÓÐÔÚÕâÌõÃüÁîÔËÐк󴴽¨µÄ×Ó½ø³Ì¡£Èç¹ûÄãÊÇÔÚÔËÐÐSQL¿Í»§¶ËʱÒòΪºǫ́·µ»ØÁËÌ«¶àµÄÊý¾Ý¶ø³öÏÖÎÊÌ⣬ÇëÔÚÔËÐпͻ§¶Ë֮ǰִÐÐÉÏÊöÃüÁî¡£</p> +<h4><a name="4.19"></a>4.19) ÎÒÈçºÎ²ÅÄÜÖªµÀËùÔËÐÐµÄ PostgreSQL +µÄ°æ±¾£¿</h4> +<p>´Ó psql À¼üÈë SELECT version()£»<br /></p> +<h4><a name="4.20"></a>4.20) +ΪʲôÎҵĴó¶ÔÏó²Ù×÷µ¼Ö´íÎó¡°<i>invalid large obj +descriptor¡±£¨·Ç·¨µÄ´ó¶ÔÏóÃèÊö·û£©</i>£¿</h4> +<p>ÄãÐèÒªÔÚʹÓÃÈκδó¶ÔÏó¾ä±úµÄÇ°ºó·ÅÉÏ BEGIN WORK ºÍ +COMMIT£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬°üΧ lo_open ... lo_close¡£ <br /> +<br /> +Ä¿Ç° PostgreSQL +Ç¿ÖÆʵʩÕâÌõ¹æÔò£ºÔÚÊÂÎñÌύʱ¹Ø±Õ´ó¶ÔÏó¾ä±ú£¬ÕâÑù£¬£¨Ã»ÓвÉÓÃÊÂÎñʱ£©£¬Ê״ζԴó¶ÔÏó¾ä±ú×öÈκÎÊÂÇéµÄÆóͼ¶¼»áµ¼ÖÂÒ»¸ö +invalid large obj +descriptor¡£ËùÒÔ£¬Èç¹ûÄãûÓÐʹÓÃÒ»¸öÊÂÎñ£¬ÒÔÇ°Äܹ¤×÷µÄ´úÂ루ÖÁÉÙÊÇ´ó¶àÊýʱ¼ä£©½«»áÉú³ÉÕâôһ¸ö´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¡£ +<br /> +<br /> +Èç¹ûÄãʹÓÿͻ§¶Ë½Ó¿Ú£¬Èç ODBC£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜÐèÒª set auto-commit off¡£</p> +<h4><a name="4.21"></a>4.21) +ÎÒÈçºÎ´´½¨Ò»¸öȱʡֵÊǵ±Ç°Ê±¼äµÄ×ֶΣ¿</h4> +<p>ʹÓà CURRENT_TIMESTAMP£º<br /> +<br /> + CREATE TABLE test(x int, modtime timestamp DEFAULT +CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);</p> +<h4><a name="4.22"></a>4.22) ΪʲôʹÓà IN µÄ×Ó²éѯÕâôÂý£¿</h4> +<p> +Ä¿Ç°£¬ÎÒÃÇͨ¹ýΪÍâ²éѯµÄÿһÐÐ˳ÐòɨÃè×Ó²éѯµÄ½á¹ûÀ´Á¬½Ó×Ó²éѯºÍÍâ²éѯ¡£Èç¹û×Ó²éѯ·µ»ØÉÙÊý¼¸ÐУ¬¶øÍâ²éѯ·µ»ØºÜ¶àÐУ¬IN +Ö´Ðеúܿ졣ΪÁ˼ӿìÆäËû IN ²éѯµÄÖ´ÐУ¬¿ÉÒÔÓà EXISTS Ìæ»» IN£º +<br /> +<br /> + SELECT *<br /> + FROM tab<br /> + WHERE col IN (SELECT subcol FROM subtab);<br /> +<br /> +¸ÄΪ£º <br /> +<br /> + SELECT *<br /> + FROM tab<br /> + WHERE EXISTS (SELECT subcol FROM subtab WHERE subcol = +col);<br /> +<br /> +ºóÕßÒªÏëÖ´Ðеøü¿ì£¬subcol +Ó¦¸ÃÊÇÒ»¸öË÷ÒýÁС£ÎÒÃÇÏ£ÍûÔÚδÀ´µÄ·¢²¼°æ±¾ÖÐÐÞ²¹Õâ¸öÏÞÖÆ¡£</p> +<h4><a name="4.23"></a>4.23) ÎÒÔõÑù½øÐÐ outer join +£¨ÍâÁ¬½Ó£©£¿</h4> +<p>PostgreSQL ²ÉÓñê×¼µÄ SQL Óï·¨Ö§³ÖÍâÁ¬½Ó¡£ÕâÀïÊÇÁ½¸öÀý×Ó£º<br /> +<br /> + SELECT *<br /> + FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 ON (t1.col = t2.col);<br /> +<br /> +»ò <br /> + SELECT *<br /> + FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t2 USING (col);<br /> +<br /> +ÕâÁ½¸öµÈ¼ÛµÄ²éѯÔÚ t1.col ºÍ t2.col ÉÏ×öÁ¬½Ó£¬²¢ÇÒ·µâ»?t1 +ÖÐËùÓÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐУ¨ÄÇЩÔÚ t2 ÖÐûÓÐÆ¥ÅäµÄÐУ©¡£ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½Ó(RIGHT +OUTER JOIN)½«·µ»Ø t2 ÖÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐС£ÍêÈ«ÍâÁ¬½Ó£¨FULL OUTER +JOIN£©½«·µ»Ø t1 ºÍ t2 ÖÐδÁ¬½ÓµÄÐС£¹Ø¼ü×Ö OUTER +ÔÚ×ó[Íâ]Á¬½Ó¡¢ÓÒ[Íâ]Á¬½ÓºÍÍêÈ«[Íâ]Á¬½ÓÖÐÊÇ¿ÉÑ¡µÄ£¬ÆÕͨÁ¬½Ó±»³ÉΪÄÚÁ¬½Ó£¨INNER +JOIN£©¡£<br /> +<br /> +ÔÚ´ËÇ°µÄ°æ±¾ÖУ¬ÍâÁ¬½Ó¿ÉÒÔÓà UNION ºÍ NOT IN +À´Ä£Äâ¡£ÀýÈ磬ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ÓÔÚ±í tab1 ºÍ tab2 Ö®¼ä×öÍâÁ¬½Ó£º<br /> +<br /> + SELECT tab1.col1, tab2.col2<br /> + FROM tab1, tab2<br /> + WHERE 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