aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ.html
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/src/FAQ/FAQ.html')
-rw-r--r--doc/src/FAQ/FAQ.html196
1 files changed, 98 insertions, 98 deletions
diff --git a/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ.html b/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ.html
index 18cde4782fe..dc98fb783dd 100644
--- a/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ.html
+++ b/doc/src/FAQ/FAQ.html
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
alink="#0000ff">
<H1>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for PostgreSQL</H1>
- <P>Last updated: Tue Nov 22 10:12:24 EST 2005</P>
+ <P>Last updated: Tue Nov 22 10:16:48 EST 2005</P>
<P>Current maintainer: Bruce Momjian (<A href=
"mailto:pgman@candle.pha.pa.us">pgman@candle.pha.pa.us</A>)
@@ -26,97 +26,97 @@
<HR>
<H2 align="center">General Questions</H2>
- <A href="#1.1">1.1</A>) What is PostgreSQL? How is it pronounced?<BR>
- <A href="#1.2">1.2</A>) Who controls PostgreSQL?<BR>
- <A href="#1.3">1.3</A>) What is the copyright of PostgreSQL?<BR>
- <A href="#1.4">1.4</A>) What platforms does PostgreSQL support?<BR>
- <A href="#1.5">1.5</A>) Where can I get PostgreSQL?<BR>
- <A href="#1.6">1.6</A>) What is the latest release?<BR>
- <A href="#1.7">1.7</A>) Where can I get support?<BR>
- <A href="#1.8">1.8</A>) How do I submit a bug report?<BR>
- <A href="#1.9">1.9</A>) How do I find out about known bugs or
+ <A href="#item1.1">1.1</A>) What is PostgreSQL? How is it pronounced?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.2">1.2</A>) Who controls PostgreSQL?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.3">1.3</A>) What is the copyright of PostgreSQL?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.4">1.4</A>) What platforms does PostgreSQL support?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.5">1.5</A>) Where can I get PostgreSQL?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.6">1.6</A>) What is the latest release?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.7">1.7</A>) Where can I get support?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.8">1.8</A>) How do I submit a bug report?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.9">1.9</A>) How do I find out about known bugs or
missing features?<BR>
- <A href="#1.10">1.10</A>) What documentation is available?<BR>
- <A href="#1.11">1.11</A>) How can I learn <SMALL>SQL</SMALL>?<BR>
- <A href="#1.12">1.12</A>) How do I join the development team?<BR>
- <A href="#1.13">1.13</A>) How does PostgreSQL compare to other
+ <A href="#item1.10">1.10</A>) What documentation is available?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.11">1.11</A>) How can I learn <SMALL>SQL</SMALL>?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.12">1.12</A>) How do I join the development team?<BR>
+ <A href="#item1.13">1.13</A>) How does PostgreSQL compare to other
<SMALL>DBMS</SMALL>s?<BR>
<H2 align="center">User Client Questions</H2>
- <A href="#2.1">2.1</A>) What interfaces are available for
+ <A href="#item2.1">2.1</A>) What interfaces are available for
PostgreSQL?<BR>
- <A href="#2.2">2.2</A>) What tools are available for using
+ <A href="#item2.2">2.2</A>) What tools are available for using
PostgreSQL with Web pages?<BR>
- <A href="#2.3">2.3</A>) Does PostgreSQL have a graphical user
+ <A href="#item2.3">2.3</A>) Does PostgreSQL have a graphical user
interface?<BR>
<H2 align="center">Administrative Questions</H2>
- <A href="#3.1">3.1</A>) How do I install PostgreSQL somewhere other
+ <A href="#item3.1">3.1</A>) How do I install PostgreSQL somewhere other
than <I>/usr/local/pgsql</I>?<BR>
- <A href="#3.2">3.2</A>) How do I control connections from other
+ <A href="#item3.2">3.2</A>) How do I control connections from other
hosts?<BR>
- <A href="#3.3">3.3</A>) How do I tune the database engine for
+ <A href="#item3.3">3.3</A>) How do I tune the database engine for
better performance?<BR>
- <A href="#3.4">3.4</A>) What debugging features are available?<BR>
- <A href="#3.5">3.5</A>) Why do I get <I>"Sorry, too many
+ <A href="#item3.4">3.4</A>) What debugging features are available?<BR>
+ <A href="#item3.5">3.5</A>) Why do I get <I>"Sorry, too many
clients"</I> when trying to connect?<BR>
- <A href="#3.6">3.6</A>) Why do I need to do a dump and restore
+ <A href="#item3.6">3.6</A>) Why do I need to do a dump and restore
to upgrade PostgreSQL releases?<BR>
- <A href="#3.7">3.7</A>) What computer hardware should I use?<BR>
+ <A href="#item3.7">3.7</A>) What computer hardware should I use?<BR>
<H2 align="center">Operational Questions</H2>
- <A href="#4.1">4.1</A>) How do I <SMALL>SELECT</SMALL> only the
+ <A href="#item4.1">4.1</A>) How do I <SMALL>SELECT</SMALL> only the
first few rows of a query? A random row?<BR>
- <A href="#4.2">4.2</A>) How do I find out what tables, indexes,
+ <A href="#item4.2">4.2</A>) How do I find out what tables, indexes,
databases, and users are defined? How do I see the queries used
by <I>psql</I> to display them?<BR>
- <A href="#4.3">4.3</A>) How do you change a column's data type?<BR>
- <A href="#4.4">4.4</A>) What is the maximum size for a row, a
+ <A href="#item4.3">4.3</A>) How do you change a column's data type?<BR>
+ <A href="#item4.4">4.4</A>) What is the maximum size for a row, a
table, and a database?<BR>
- <A href="#4.5">4.5</A>) How much database disk space is required
+ <A href="#item4.5">4.5</A>) How much database disk space is required
to store data from a typical text file?<BR>
- <A href="#4.6">4.6</A>) Why are my queries slow? Why don't they
+ <A href="#item4.6">4.6</A>) Why are my queries slow? Why don't they
use my indexes?<BR>
- <A href="#4.7">4.7</A>) How do I see how the query optimizer is
+ <A href="#item4.7">4.7</A>) How do I see how the query optimizer is
evaluating my query?<BR>
- <A href="#4.8">4.8</A>) How do I perform regular expression
+ <A href="#item4.8">4.8</A>) How do I perform regular expression
searches and case-insensitive regular expression searches? How do I
use an index for case-insensitive searches?<BR>
- <A href="#4.9">4.9</A>) In a query, how do I detect if a field
+ <A href="#item4.9">4.9</A>) In a query, how do I detect if a field
is <SMALL>NULL</SMALL>? How can I sort on whether a field is <SMALL>
NULL</SMALL> or not?<BR>
- <A href="#4.10">4.10</A>) What is the difference between the
+ <A href="#item4.10">4.10</A>) What is the difference between the
various character types?<BR>
- <A href="#4.11.1">4.11.1</A>) How do I create a
+ <A href="#item4.11.1">4.11.1</A>) How do I create a
serial/auto-incrementing field?<BR>
- <A href="#4.11.2">4.11.2</A>) How do I get the value of a
+ <A href="#item4.11.2">4.11.2</A>) How do I get the value of a
<SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL> insert?<BR>
- <A href="#4.11.3">4.11.3</A>) Doesn't <I>currval()</I>
+ <A href="#item4.11.3">4.11.3</A>) Doesn't <I>currval()</I>
lead to a race condition with other users?<BR>
- <A href="#4.11.4">4.11.4</A>) Why aren't my sequence numbers
+ <A href="#item4.11.4">4.11.4</A>) Why aren't my sequence numbers
reused on transaction abort? Why are there gaps in the numbering of
my sequence/SERIAL column?<BR>
- <A href="#4.12">4.12</A>) What is an <SMALL>OID</SMALL>? What is a
+ <A href="#item4.12">4.12</A>) What is an <SMALL>OID</SMALL>? What is a
<SMALL>CTID</SMALL>?<BR>
- <A href="#4.13">4.13</A>) Why do I get the error <I>"ERROR: Memory
+ <A href="#item4.13">4.13</A>) Why do I get the error <I>"ERROR: Memory
exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()"</I>?<BR>
- <A href="#4.14">4.14</A>) How do I tell what PostgreSQL version I
+ <A href="#item4.14">4.14</A>) How do I tell what PostgreSQL version I
am running?<BR>
- <A href="#4.15">4.15</A>) How do I create a column that will
+ <A href="#item4.15">4.15</A>) How do I create a column that will
default to the current time?<BR>
- <A href="#4.16">4.16</A>) How do I perform an outer join?<BR>
- <A href="#4.17">4.17</A>) How do I perform queries using multiple
+ <A href="#item4.16">4.16</A>) How do I perform an outer join?<BR>
+ <A href="#item4.17">4.17</A>) How do I perform queries using multiple
databases?<BR>
- <A href="#4.18">4.18</A>) How do I return multiple rows or columns
+ <A href="#item4.18">4.18</A>) How do I return multiple rows or columns
from a function?<BR>
- <A href="#4.19">4.19</A>) Why do I get "relation with OID #####
+ <A href="#item4.19">4.19</A>) Why do I get "relation with OID #####
does not exist" errors when accessing temporary tables in PL/PgSQL
functions?<BR>
- <A href="#4.20">4.20</A>) What replication solutions are available?<BR>
- <A href="#4.21">4.21</A>) Why are my table and column names not
+ <A href="#item4.20">4.20</A>) What replication solutions are available?<BR>
+ <A href="#item4.21">4.21</A>) Why are my table and column names not
recognized in my query?<BR>
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
<H2 align="center">General Questions</H2>
- <H3 ID="1.1">1.1) What is PostgreSQL? How is it pronounced?</H3>
+ <H3 id="item1.1">1.1) What is PostgreSQL? How is it pronounced?</H3>
<P>PostgreSQL is pronounced <I>Post-Gres-Q-L</I>, and is also sometimes
referred to as just <I>Postgres</I>. An audio file is available in
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@
http://www.postgresql.org/files/documentation/faqs/FAQ_DEV.html</A>
</P>
- <H3 ID="1.2">1.2) Who controls PostgreSQL?<BR></H3>
+ <H3 id="item1.2">1.2) Who controls PostgreSQL?<BR></H3>
<P>If you are looking for a PostgreSQL gatekeeper, central committee,
or controlling company, give up --- there isn't one. We do have a
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@
Developer's FAQ</A> for information on how to get involved in PostgreSQL
development.)</P>
- <H3 ID="1.3">1.3) What is the copyright of
+ <H3 id="item1.3">1.3) What is the copyright of
PostgreSQL?</H3>
<P>PostgreSQL is distributed under the classic BSD license. Basically,
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE,
SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.</P>
- <H3 ID="1.4">1.4) What platforms does PostgreSQL support?</H3>
+ <H3 id="item1.4">1.4) What platforms does PostgreSQL support?</H3>
<P>In general, any modern Unix-compatible platform should be able to
run PostgreSQL. The platforms that had received explicit testing at
@@ -210,21 +210,21 @@
"http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1&amp;button=Search&amp;key=postgreSQL&amp;stype=all&amp;sort=type&amp;dir=%2F">
http://hobbes.nmsu.edu/cgi-bin/h-search?sh=1&amp;button=Search&amp;key=postgreSQL&amp;stype=all&amp;sort=type&amp;dir=%2F</a>.</p>
- <H3 ID="1.5">1.5) Where can I get PostgreSQL?</H3>
+ <H3 id="item1.5">1.5) Where can I get PostgreSQL?</H3>
<P>Via web browser, use <a href="http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/">
http://www.postgresql.org/ftp/</a>, and via ftp, use
<A href="ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/">
ftp://ftp.PostgreSQL.org/pub/</A>.</P>
- <H3 ID="1.6">1.6) What is the latest release?</H3>
+ <H3 id="item1.6">1.6) What is the latest release?</H3>
<P>The latest release of PostgreSQL is version 8.1.1</P>
<P>We plan to have a major release every year, with minor releases
every few months.</P>
- <H3 ID="1.7">1.7) Where can I get support?</H3>
+ <H3 id="item1.7">1.7) Where can I get support?</H3>
<P>The PostgreSQL community provides assistance to many of its users
via email. The main web site to subscribe to the email lists is
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@
"http://techdocs.postgresql.org/companies.php">
http://techdocs.postgresql.org/companies.php</A>.</P>
- <H3 ID="1.8">1.8) How do I submit a bug report?</H3>
+ <H3 id="item1.8">1.8) How do I submit a bug report?</H3>
<P>Visit the PostgreSQL bug form at <A href=
"http://www.postgresql.org/support/submitbug">
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@
</li>
</ul>
- <H3 ID="1.9">1.9) How do I find out about known bugs or
+ <H3 id="item1.9">1.9) How do I find out about known bugs or
missing features?</H3>
<P>PostgreSQL supports an extended subset of <SMALL>SQL:2003</SMALL>.
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@
Even the release notes do not contain every change made to the
software.</P>
- <H3 ID="1.10">1.10) What documentation is available?</H3>
+ <H3 id="item1.10">1.10) What documentation is available?</H3>
<P>PostgreSQL includes extensive documentation, including a large
manual, manual pages, and some test examples. See the <I>/doc</I>
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@
<P>Our web site contains even more documentation.</P>
- <H3 ID="1.11">1.11) How can I learn
+ <H3 id="item1.11">1.11) How can I learn
<SMALL>SQL</SMALL>?</H3>
<P>First, consider the PostgreSQL-specific books mentioned above.
@@ -357,13 +357,13 @@
and at <A href=
"http://sqlcourse.com/">http://sqlcourse.com.</A></P>
- <H3 ID="1.12">1.12) How do I join the development
+ <H3 id="item1.12">1.12) How do I join the development
team?</H3>
<P>See the <a href="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/faqs.FAQ_DEV.html">
Developer's FAQ</A>.</P>
- <H3 ID="1.13">1.13) How does PostgreSQL compare to other
+ <H3 id="item1.13">1.13) How does PostgreSQL compare to other
<SMALL>DBMS</SMALL>s?</H3>
<P>There are several ways of measuring software: features,
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@
community, manuals, and the source code often make PostgreSQL
support superior to other <SMALL>DBMS</SMALL>s. There is
commercial per-incident support available for those who need it.
- (See <A href="#1.7">FAQ section 1.7</A>.)<BR>
+ (See <A href="#item1.7">FAQ section 1.7</A>.)<BR>
<BR>
</DD>
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@
<H2 align="center">User Client Questions</H2>
- <H3 ID="2.1">2.1) What interfaces are available for
+ <H3 id="item2.1">2.1) What interfaces are available for
PostgreSQL?</H3>
<P>The PostgreSQL install includes only the <SMALL>C</SMALL> and embedded
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@
in the <I>Drivers/Interfaces</I> section and via Internet search.
</P>
- <H3 ID="2.2">2.2) What tools are available for using
+ <H3 id="item2.2">2.2) What tools are available for using
PostgreSQL with Web pages?</H3>
<P>A nice introduction to Database-backed Web pages can be seen at:
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@
<P>For complex cases, many use the Perl and DBD::Pg with CGI.pm or
mod_perl.</P>
- <H3 ID="2.3">2.3) Does PostgreSQL have a graphical user
+ <H3 id="item2.3">2.3) Does PostgreSQL have a graphical user
interface?</H3>
<P>Yes, see <a href="http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/GUITools">
@@ -467,13 +467,13 @@
<H2 align="center">Administrative Questions</H2>
- <H3 ID="3.1">3.1) How do I install PostgreSQL somewhere
+ <H3 id="item3.1">3.1) How do I install PostgreSQL somewhere
other than <I>/usr/local/pgsql</I>?</H3>
<P>Specify the <I>--prefix</I> option when running
<I>configure</I>.</P>
- <H3 ID="3.2">3.2) How do I control connections from other
+ <H3 id="item3.2">3.2) How do I control connections from other
hosts?</H3>
<P>By default, PostgreSQL only allows connections from the local
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@
host-based authentication by modifying the
<I>$PGDATA/pg_hba.conf</I> file, and restart the server.</P>
- <H3 ID="3.3">3.3) How do I tune the database engine for
+ <H3 id="item3.3">3.3) How do I tune the database engine for
better performance?</H3>
<P>There are three major areas for potential performance
@@ -540,14 +540,14 @@
</DD>
</DL>
- <H3 ID="3.4">3.4) What debugging features are
+ <H3 id="item3.4">3.4) What debugging features are
available?</H3>
<P>There are many <CODE>log_*</CODE> server configuration variables
that enable printing of query and process statistics which can be
very useful for debugging and performance measurements.</P>
- <H3 ID="3.5">3.5) Why do I get <I>"Sorry, too many
+ <H3 id="item3.5">3.5) Why do I get <I>"Sorry, too many
clients"</I> when trying to connect?</H3>
<P>You have reached the default limit is 100 database sessions. You
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@
<I>max_connections</I> value in <I>postgresql.conf</I> and
restarting the <I>postmaster</I>.</P>
- <H3 ID="3.6">3.6) Why do I need to do a dump and restore
+ <H3 id="item3.6">3.6) Why do I need to do a dump and restore
to upgrade between major PostgreSQL releases?</H3>
<P>The PostgreSQL team makes only small changes between minor releases,
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@
data in a generic format that can then be loaded in using the new internal
format.</P>
- <H3 ID="3.7">3.7) What computer hardware should I use?</H3>
+ <H3 id="item3.7">3.7) What computer hardware should I use?</H3>
<P>Because PC hardware is mostly compatible, people tend to believe that
all PC hardware is of equal quality. It is not. ECC RAM, SCSI, and
@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@
<H2 align="center">Operational Questions</H2>
- <H3 ID="4.1">4.1) How do I <SMALL>SELECT</SMALL> only the
+ <H3 id="item4.1">4.1) How do I <SMALL>SELECT</SMALL> only the
first few rows of a query? A random row?</H3>
<P>To retrieve only a few rows, if you know at the number of rows
@@ -600,7 +600,7 @@
LIMIT 1;
</PRE>
- <H3 ID="4.2">4.2) How do I find out what tables, indexes,
+ <H3 id="item4.2">4.2) How do I find out what tables, indexes,
databases, and users are defined? How do I see the queries used
by <I>psql</I> to display them?</H3>
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@
illustrates many of the <SMALL>SELECT</SMALL>s needed to get
information from the database system tables.</P>
- <H3 ID="4.3">4.3) How do you change a column's data type?</H3>
+ <H3 id="item4.3">4.3) How do you change a column's data type?</H3>
<P>Changing the data type of a column can be done easily in 8.0
and later with <SMALL>ALTER TABLE ALTER COLUMN TYPE</SMALL>.</P>
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@
<P>You might then want to do <I>VACUUM FULL tab</I> to reclaim the
disk space used by the expired rows.</P>
- <H3 ID="4.4">4.4) What is the maximum size for a row, a
+ <H3 id="item4.4">4.4) What is the maximum size for a row, a
table, and a database?</H3>
<P>These are the limits:</P>
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ table?</TD><TD>unlimited</TD></TR>
of an MD5 hash of the long column, and full text indexing
allows for searching of words within the column.</P>
- <H3 ID="4.5">4.5) How much database disk space is required
+ <H3 id="item4.5">4.5) How much database disk space is required
to store data from a typical text file?</H3>
<P>A PostgreSQL database may require up to five times the disk
@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ table?</TD><TD>unlimited</TD></TR>
<P><SMALL>NULL</SMALL>s are stored as bitmaps, so they
use very little space.</P>
- <H3 ID="4.6">4.6) Why are my queries slow? Why don't they
+ <H3 id="item4.6">4.6) Why are my queries slow? Why don't they
use my indexes?</H3>
<P>Indexes are not used by every query. Indexes are used only if the
@@ -764,7 +764,7 @@ table?</TD><TD>unlimited</TD></TR>
e.g. [a-e].</LI>
<LI>Case-insensitive searches such as <SMALL>ILIKE</SMALL> and
<I>~*</I> do not utilize indexes. Instead, use expression
- indexes, which are described in section <a href="#4.8">4.8</a>.</LI>
+ indexes, which are described in section <a href="#item4.8">4.8</a>.</LI>
<LI>The default <I>C</I> locale must be used during
<i>initdb</i> because it is not possible to know the next-greatest
character in a non-C locale. You can create a special
@@ -777,12 +777,12 @@ table?</TD><TD>unlimited</TD></TR>
types exactly match the index's column types. This was particularly
true of int2, int8, and numeric column indexes.</P>
- <H3 ID="4.7">4.7) How do I see how the query optimizer is
+ <H3 id="item4.7">4.7) How do I see how the query optimizer is
evaluating my query?</H3>
<P>See the <SMALL>EXPLAIN</SMALL> manual page.</P>
- <H3 ID="4.8">4.8) How do I perform regular expression
+ <H3 id="item4.8">4.8) How do I perform regular expression
searches and case-insensitive regular expression searches? How do I
use an index for case-insensitive searches?</H3>
@@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ table?</TD><TD>unlimited</TD></TR>
case to be stored in the column, use a <SMALL>CHECK</SMALL>
constraint or a trigger.</P>
- <H3 ID="4.9">4.9) In a query, how do I detect if a field
+ <H3 id="item4.9">4.9) In a query, how do I detect if a field
is <SMALL>NULL</SMALL>? How can I sort on whether a field is <SMALL>
NULL</SMALL> or not?</H3>
@@ -833,7 +833,7 @@ table?</TD><TD>unlimited</TD></TR>
ORDER BY (col IS NOT NULL)
</PRE>
- <H3 ID="4.10">4.10) What is the difference between the
+ <H3 id="item4.10">4.10) What is the difference between the
various character types?</H3>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE>
@@ -869,7 +869,7 @@ length</TD></TR>
particularly values that include <SMALL>NULL</SMALL> bytes. All the
types described here have similar performance characteristics.</P>
- <H3 ID="4.11.1">4.11.1) How do I create a
+ <H3 id="item4.11.1">4.11.1) How do I create a
serial/auto-incrementing field?</H3>
<P>PostgreSQL supports a <SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL> data type. It
@@ -894,13 +894,13 @@ length</TD></TR>
See the <I>create_sequence</I> manual page for more information
about sequences.
- <H3 ID="4.11.2">4.11.2) How do I get the value of a
+ <H3 id="item4.11.2">4.11.2) How do I get the value of a
<SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL> insert?</H3>
<P>One approach is to retrieve the next <SMALL>SERIAL</SMALL> value
from the sequence object with the <I>nextval()</I> function
<I>before</I> inserting and then insert it explicitly. Using the
- example table in <A href="#4.11.1">4.11.1</A>, an example in a
+ example table in <A href="#item4.11.1">4.11.1</A>, an example in a
pseudo-language would look like this:</P>
<PRE>
new_id = execute("SELECT nextval('person_id_seq')");
@@ -923,13 +923,13 @@ length</TD></TR>
new_id = execute("SELECT currval('person_id_seq')");
</PRE>
- <H3 ID="4.11.3">4.11.3) Doesn't <I>currval()</I>
+ <H3 id="item4.11.3">4.11.3) Doesn't <I>currval()</I>
lead to a race condition with other users?</H3>
<P>No. <I>currval()</I> returns the current value assigned by your
session, not by all sessions.</P>
- <H3 ID="4.11.4">4.11.4) Why aren't my sequence numbers
+ <H3 id="item4.11.4">4.11.4) Why aren't my sequence numbers
reused on transaction abort? Why are there gaps in the numbering of
my sequence/SERIAL column?</H3>
@@ -938,7 +938,7 @@ length</TD></TR>
completes. This causes gaps in numbering from aborted
transactions.</P>
- <H3 ID="4.12">4.12) What is an <SMALL>OID</SMALL>? What is
+ <H3 id="item4.12">4.12) What is an <SMALL>OID</SMALL>? What is
a <SMALL>CTID</SMALL>?</H3>
<P>Every row that is created in PostgreSQL gets a unique
@@ -961,7 +961,7 @@ length</TD></TR>
are modified or reloaded. They are used by index entries to point
to physical rows.</P>
- <H3 ID="4.13">4.13) Why do I get the error <I>"ERROR:
+ <H3 id="item4.13">4.13) Why do I get the error <I>"ERROR:
Memory exhausted in AllocSetAlloc()"</I>?</H3>
<P>You probably have run out of virtual memory on your system,
@@ -980,12 +980,12 @@ length</TD></TR>
backend is returning too much data, try it before starting the
client.
- <H3 ID="4.14">4.14) How do I tell what PostgreSQL version
+ <H3 id="item4.14">4.14) How do I tell what PostgreSQL version
I am running?</H3>
<P>From <I>psql</I>, type <CODE>SELECT version();</CODE></P>
- <H3 ID="4.15">4.15) How do I create a column that will
+ <H3 id="item4.15">4.15) How do I create a column that will
default to the current time?</H3>
<P>Use <I>CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</I>:</P>
@@ -993,7 +993,7 @@ length</TD></TR>
CREATE TABLE test (x int, modtime TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP );
</PRE>
- <H3 ID="4.16">4.16) How do I perform an outer join?</H3>
+ <H3 id="item4.16">4.16) How do I perform an outer join?</H3>
<P>PostgreSQL supports outer joins using the SQL standard syntax.
Here are two examples:</P>
@@ -1016,7 +1016,7 @@ length</TD></TR>
<SMALL>RIGHT</SMALL>, and <SMALL>FULL</SMALL> joins. Ordinary joins
are called <SMALL>INNER</SMALL> joins.</P>
- <H3 ID="4.17">4.17) How do I perform queries using
+ <H3 id="item4.17">4.17) How do I perform queries using
multiple databases?</H3>
<P>There is no way to query a database other than the current one.
@@ -1028,14 +1028,14 @@ length</TD></TR>
connections to different databases and merge the results on the
client side.</P>
- <H3 ID="4.18">4.18) How do I return multiple rows or
+ <H3 id="item4.18">4.18) How do I return multiple rows or
columns from a function?</H3>
<P>It is easy using set-returning functions,
<a href="http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/SetReturningFunctions">
http://techdocs.postgresql.org/guides/SetReturningFunctions</a></P>.
- <H3 ID="4.19">4.19) Why do I get "relation with OID #####
+ <H3 id="item4.19">4.19) Why do I get "relation with OID #####
does not exist" errors when accessing temporary tables in PL/PgSQL
functions?</H3>
@@ -1047,7 +1047,7 @@ length</TD></TR>
<SMALL>EXECUTE</SMALL> for temporary table access in PL/PgSQL. This
will cause the query to be reparsed every time.</P>
- <H3 ID="4.20">4.20) What replication solutions are available?
+ <H3 id="item4.20">4.20) What replication solutions are available?
</H3>
<P>Though "replication" is a single term, there are several technologies
@@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ length</TD></TR>
<P>There are also commercial and hardware-based replication solutions
available supporting a variety of replication models.</P>
- <H3 ID="4.21">4.21) Why are my table and column names not
+ <H3 id="item4.21">4.21) Why are my table and column names not
recognized in my query?</H3>
<P>The most common cause is the use of double-quotes around table or