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<!-- doc/src/sgml/event-trigger.sgml -->
<chapter id="event-triggers">
<title>Event Triggers</title>
<indexterm zone="event-triggers">
<primary>event trigger</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>
To supplement the trigger mechanism discussed in <xref linkend="triggers">,
<productname>PostgreSQL</> also provides event triggers. Unlike regular
triggers, which are attached to a single table and capture only DML events,
event triggers are global to a particular database and are capable of
capturing DDL events.
</para>
<para>
Like regular triggers, event triggers can be written in any procedural
language that includes event trigger support, or in C, but not in plain
SQL.
</para>
<sect1 id="event-trigger-definition">
<title>Overview of Event Trigger Behavior</title>
<para>
An event trigger fires whenever the event with which it is associated
occurs in the database in which it is defined. Currently, the only
supported events are <literal>ddl_command_start</>
and <literal>ddl_command_end</>. Support for additional events may be
added in future releases.
</para>
<para>
The <literal>ddl_command_start</> event occurs just before the
execution of a <literal>CREATE</>, <literal>ALTER</>, or <literal>DROP</>
command. As an exception, however, this event does not occur for
DDL commands targeting shared objects - databases, roles, and tablespaces
- or for command targeting event triggers themselves. The event trigger
mechanism does not support these object types.
<literal>ddl_command_start</> also occurs just before the execution of a
<literal>SELECT INTO</literal> command, since this is equivalent to
<literal>CREATE TABLE AS</literal>. The <literal>ddl_command_end</>
event occurs just after the execution of this same set of commands.
</para>
<para>
Event triggers (like other functions) cannot be executed in an aborted
transaction. Thus, if a DDL command fails with an error, any associated
<literal>ddl_command_end</> triggers will not be executed. Conversely,
if a <literal>ddl_command_start</> trigger fails with an error, no
further event triggers will fire, and no attempt will be made to execute
the command itself. Similarly, if a <literal>ddl_command_end</> trigger
fails with an error, the effects of the DDL statement will be rolled
back, just as they would be in any other case where the containing
transaction aborts.
</para>
<para>
For a complete list of commands supported by the event trigger mechanism,
see <xref linkend="event-trigger-matrix">.
</para>
<para>
In order to create an event trigger, you must first create a function with
the special return type <literal>event_trigger</literal>. This function
need not (and may not) return a value; the return type serves merely as
a signal that the function is to be invoked as an event trigger.
</para>
<para>
If more than one event trigger is defined for a particular event, they will
fire in alphabetical order by trigger name.
</para>
<para>
A trigger definition can also specify a <literal>WHEN</literal>
condition so that, for example, a <literal>ddl_command_start</literal>
trigger can be fired only for particular commands which the user wishes
to intercept. A common use of such triggers is to restrict the range of
DDL operations which users may perform.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="event-trigger-matrix">
<title>Event Trigger Firing Matrix</title>
<para>
<xref linkend="event-trigger-by-command-tag"> lists all commands
for which event triggers are supported.
</para>
<table id="event-trigger-by-command-tag">
<title>Event Trigger Support by Command Tag</title>
<tgroup cols="3">
<thead>
<row>
<entry>command tag</entry>
<entry><literal>ddl_command_start</literal></entry>
<entry><literal>ddl_command_end</literal></entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER AGGREGATE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER COLLATION</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER CONVERSION</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER DOMAIN</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER EXTENSION</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER FOREIGN TABLE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER FUNCTION</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER LANGUAGE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER OPERATOR</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER OPERATOR CLASS</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER SCHEMA</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER SEQUENCE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER SERVER</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER TABLE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER TRIGGER</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER TYPE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER USER MAPPING</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>ALTER VIEW</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE AGGREGATE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE CAST</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE COLLATION</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE CONVERSION</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE DOMAIN</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE EXTENSION</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE FOREIGN TABLE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE FUNCTION</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE INDEX</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE LANGUAGE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE OPERATOR</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE OPERATOR CLASS</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE RULE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE SCHEMA</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE SEQUENCE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE SERVER</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE TABLE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE TABLE AS</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE TRIGGER</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE TYPE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE USER MAPPING</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>CREATE VIEW</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP AGGREGATE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP CAST</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP COLLATION</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP CONVERSION</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP DOMAIN</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP EXTENSION</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP FOREIGN TABLE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP FUNCTION</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP INDEX</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP LANGUAGE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP OPERATOR</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP OPERATOR CLASS</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP OPERATOR FAMILY</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP RULE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP SCHEMA</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP SEQUENCE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP SERVER</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP TABLE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP TRIGGER</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP TYPE</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP USER MAPPING</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>DROP VIEW</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left"><literal>SELECT INTO</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
<entry align="center"><literal>X</literal></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</sect1>
</chapter>
|
