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<!--
$Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/insert.sgml,v 1.25 2003/09/12 00:12:47 tgl Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation
-->
<refentry id="SQL-INSERT">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle id="SQL-INSERT-TITLE">INSERT</refentrytitle>
<refmiscinfo>SQL - Language Statements</refmiscinfo>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>INSERT</refname>
<refpurpose>create new rows in a table</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<indexterm zone="sql-insert">
<primary>INSERT</primary>
</indexterm>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<synopsis>
INSERT INTO <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="PARAMETER">column</replaceable> [, ...] ) ]
{ DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( { <replaceable class="PARAMETER">expression</replaceable> | DEFAULT } [, ...] ) | <replaceable class="PARAMETER">query</replaceable> }
</synopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>
<command>INSERT</command> allows one to insert new rows into a
table. One can insert
a single row at a time or several rows as a result of a query.
</para>
<para>
The columns in the target list may be listed in any order.
Each column not present in the target list will be inserted
using a default value, either its declared default value
or null.
</para>
<para>
If the expression for each column is not of the correct data type,
automatic type conversion will be attempted.
</para>
<para>
You must have <literal>INSERT</literal> privilege to a table in
order to insert into it. If you use the <replaceable
class="PARAMETER">query</replaceable> clause to insert rows from a
query, you also need to have <literal>SELECT</literal> privilege on
any table used in the query.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Parameters</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The name (optionally schema-qualified) of an existing table.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">column</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The name of a column in <replaceable class="PARAMETER">table</replaceable>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFAULT VALUES</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
All columns will be filled with their default values.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">expression</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
An expression or value to assign to <replaceable
class="PARAMETER">column</replaceable>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFAULT</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
This column will be filled with its default value.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="PARAMETER">query</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
A query (<command>SELECT</command> statement) that supplies the
rows to be inserted. Refer to the <command>SELECT</command>
statement for a description of the syntax.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Outputs</title>
<para>
On successful completion, an <command>INSERT</> command returns a command
tag of the form
<screen>
INSERT <replaceable>oid</replaceable> <replaceable class="parameter">count</replaceable>
</screen>
The <replaceable class="parameter">count</replaceable> is the number
of rows inserted. If <replaceable class="parameter">count</replaceable>
is exactly one, and the target table has OIDs, then
<replaceable class="parameter">oid</replaceable> is the
<acronym>OID</acronym> assigned to the inserted row. Otherwise
<replaceable class="parameter">oid</replaceable> is zero.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Examples</title>
<para>
Insert a single row into table <literal>films</literal>:
<programlisting>
INSERT INTO films VALUES
('UA502', 'Bananas', 105, '1971-07-13', 'Comedy', '82 minutes');
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
In this second example, the last column <literal>len</literal> is
omitted and therefore it will have the default value of null:
<programlisting>
INSERT INTO films (code, title, did, date_prod, kind)
VALUES ('T_601', 'Yojimbo', 106, '1961-06-16', 'Drama');
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
The third example uses the <literal>DEFAULT</literal> clause for
the date columns rather than specifying a value:
<programlisting>
INSERT INTO films VALUES
('UA502', 'Bananas', 105, DEFAULT, 'Comedy', '82 minutes');
INSERT INTO films (code, title, did, date_prod, kind)
VALUES ('T_601', 'Yojimbo', 106, DEFAULT, 'Drama');
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
This examples inserts several rows into table
<literal>films</literal> from table <literal>tmp</literal>:
<programlisting>
INSERT INTO films SELECT * FROM tmp;
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
This example inserts into array columns:
<programlisting>
-- Create an empty 3x3 gameboard for noughts-and-crosses
-- (all of these commands create the same board)
INSERT INTO tictactoe (game, board[1:3][1:3])
VALUES (1,'{{"","",""},{},{"",""}}');
INSERT INTO tictactoe (game, board[3][3])
VALUES (2,'{}');
INSERT INTO tictactoe (game, board)
VALUES (3,'{{,,},{,,},{,,}}');
</programlisting>
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Compatibility</title>
<para>
<command>INSERT</command> conforms fully to the SQL standard.
Possible limitations of the <replaceable
class="PARAMETER">query</replaceable> clause are documented under
<xref linkend="sql-select" endterm="sql-select-title">.
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
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