path: root/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml

<!--
doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
PostgreSQL documentation
-->

<refentry id="app-pgbasebackup">
 <refmeta>
  <refentrytitle>pg_basebackup</refentrytitle>
  <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
  <refmiscinfo>Application</refmiscinfo>
 </refmeta>

 <refnamediv>
  <refname>pg_basebackup</refname>
  <refpurpose>take a base backup of a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> cluster</refpurpose>
 </refnamediv>

 <indexterm zone="app-pgbasebackup">
  <primary>pg_basebackup</primary>
 </indexterm>

 <refsynopsisdiv>
  <cmdsynopsis>
   <command>pg_basebackup</command>
   <arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>option</></arg>
  </cmdsynopsis>
 </refsynopsisdiv>

 <refsect1>
  <title>
   Description
  </title>
  <para>
   <application>pg_basebackup</application> is used to take base backups of
   a running <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database cluster. These
   are taken without affecting other clients to the database, and can be used
   both for point-in-time recovery (see <xref linkend="continuous-archiving">)
   and as the starting point for a log shipping or streaming replication standby
   servers (see <xref linkend="warm-standby">).
  </para>

  <para>
   <application>pg_basebackup</application> makes a binary copy of the database
   cluster files, while making sure the system is automatically put in and
   out of backup mode automatically. Backups are always taken of the entire
   database cluster, it is not possible to back up individual databases or
   database objects. For individual database backups, a tool such as
   <xref linkend="APP-PGDUMP"> must be used.
  </para>

  <para>
   The backup is made over a regular <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
   connection, and uses the replication protocol. The connection must be
   made with a user having <literal>REPLICATION</literal> permissions (see
   <xref linkend="role-attributes">), and the user must be granted explicit
   permissions in <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>. The server must also
   be configured with <xref linkend="guc-max-wal-senders"> set high enough
   to leave at least one session available for the backup.
  </para>

  <para>
   There can be multiple <command>pg_basebackup</command>s running at the same time, but it is
   better from a performance point of view to take only one backup, and copy
   the result.
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Options</title>

   <para>
    The following command-line options control the location and format of the
    output.

    <variablelist>
     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-D <replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></option></term>
      <term><option>--pgdata=<replaceable class="parameter">directory</replaceable></option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Directory to write the output to.
       </para>
       <para>
        When the backup is in tar mode, and the directory is specified as
        <literal>-</literal> (dash), the tar file will be written to
        <literal>stdout</literal>.
       </para>
       <para>
        This parameter is required.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-F <replaceable class="parameter">format</replaceable></option></term>
      <term><option>--format=<replaceable class="parameter">format</replaceable></option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Selects the format for the output. <replaceable>format</replaceable>
        can be one of the following:

        <variablelist>
         <varlistentry>
          <term><literal>p</literal></term>
          <term><literal>plain</literal></term>
          <listitem>
           <para>
            Write the output as plain files, with the same layout as the
            current data directory and tablespaces. When the cluster has
            no additional tablespaces, the whole database will be placed in
            the target directory. If the cluster contains additional
            tablespaces, the main data directory will be placed in the
            target directory, but all other tablespaces will be placed
            in the same absolute path as they have on the server.
           </para>
           <para>
            This is the default format.
           </para>
          </listitem>
         </varlistentry>

         <varlistentry>
          <term><literal>t</literal></term>
          <term><literal>tar</literal></term>
          <listitem>
           <para>
            Write the output as tar files in the target directory. The main
            data directory will be written to a file named
            <filename>base.tar</filename>, and all other tablespaces will
            be named after the tablespace OID.
            </para>
           <para>
            If the value <literal>-</literal> (dash) is specified as
            target directory, the tar contents will be written to
            standard output, suitable for piping to for example
            <productname>gzip</productname>. This is only possible if
            the cluster has no additional tablespaces.
           </para>
           </listitem>
         </varlistentry>
        </variablelist></para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-x</option></term>
      <term><option>--xlog</option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Includes the required transaction log files (WAL files) in the
        backup. This will include all transaction logs generated during
        the backup. If this option is specified, it is possible to start
        a postmaster directly in the extracted directory without the need
        to consult the log archive, thus making this a completely standalone
        backup.
       </para>
       <note>
        <para>
         The transaction log files are collected at the end of the backup.
         Therefore, it is necessary for the
         <xref linkend="guc-wal-keep-segments"> parameter to be set high
         enough that the log is not removed before the end of the backup.
         If the log has been rotated when it's time to transfer it, the
         backup will fail and be unusable.
        </para>
       </note>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-z</option></term>
      <term><option>--gzip</option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Enables gzip compression of tar file output, with the default
        compression level. Compression is only available when using
        the tar format.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-Z <replaceable class="parameter">level</replaceable></option></term>
      <term><option>--compress=<replaceable class="parameter">level</replaceable></option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Enables gzip compression of tar file output, and specifies the
        compression level (1 through 9, 9 being best
        compression). Compression is only available when using the tar
        format.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
   </para>
   <para>
    The following command-line options control the generation of the
    backup and the running of the program.

    <variablelist>
     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">fast|spread</replaceable></option></term>
      <term><option>--checkpoint=<replaceable class="parameter">fast|spread</replaceable></option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Sets checkpoint mode to fast or spread (default).
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-l <replaceable class="parameter">label</replaceable></option></term>
      <term><option>--label=<replaceable class="parameter">label</replaceable></option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Sets the label for the backup. If none is specified, a default value of
        <literal>pg_basebackup base backup</literal> will be used.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-P</option></term>
      <term><option>--progress</option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Enables progress reporting. Turning this on will deliver an approximate
        progress report during the backup. Since the database may change during
        the backup, this is only an approximation and may not end at exactly
        <literal>100%</literal>. In particular, when WAL log is included in the
        backup, the total amount of data cannot be estimated in advance, and
        in this case the estimated target size will increase once it passes the
        total estimate without WAL.
       </para>
       <para>
        When this is enabled, the backup will start by enumerating the size of
        the entire database, and then go back and send the actual contents.
        This may make the backup take slightly longer, and in particular it
        will take longer before the first data is sent.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-v</option></term>
      <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Enables verbose mode. Will output some extra steps during startup and
        shutdown, as well as show the exact file name that is currently being
        processed if progress reporting is also enabled.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>
   </para>

   <para>
    The following command-line options control the database connection parameters.

    <variablelist>
     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable></option></term>
      <term><option>--host=<replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable></option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is
        running.  If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the
        directory for the Unix domain socket. The default is taken
        from the <envar>PGHOST</envar> environment variable, if set,
        else a Unix domain socket connection is attempted.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></term>
      <term><option>--port=<replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file
        extension on which the server is listening for connections.
        Defaults to the <envar>PGPORT</envar> environment variable, if
        set, or a compiled-in default.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-U <replaceable>username</replaceable></option></term>
      <term><option>--username=<replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable></option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        User name to connect as.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-w</></term>
      <term><option>--no-password</></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Never issue a password prompt.  If the server requires
        password authentication and a password is not available by
        other means such as a <filename>.pgpass</filename> file, the
        connection attempt will fail.  This option can be useful in
        batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a
        password.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
      <term><option>-W</option></term>
      <term><option>--password</option></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Force <application>pg_basebackup</application> to prompt for a
        password before connecting to a database.
       </para>

       <para>
        This option is never essential, since
        <application>pg_basebackup</application> will automatically prompt
        for a password if the server demands password authentication.
        However, <application>pg_basebackup</application> will waste a
        connection attempt finding out that the server wants a password.
        In some cases it is worth typing <option>-W</> to avoid the extra
        connection attempt.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
   </para>

   <para>
    Other, less commonly used, parameters are also available:

    <variablelist>
     <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-V</></term>
       <term><option>--version</></term>
       <listitem>
       <para>
       Print the <application>pg_basebackup</application> version and exit.
       </para>
       </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

     <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-?</></term>
       <term><option>--help</></term>
       <listitem>
       <para>
       Show help about <application>pg_basebackup</application> command line
       arguments, and exit.
       </para>
       </listitem>
     </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>
   </para>

 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Environment</title>

  <para>
   This utility, like most other <productname>PostgreSQL</> utilities,
   uses the environment variables supported by <application>libpq</>
   (see <xref linkend="libpq-envars">).
  </para>

 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Notes</title>

  <para>
   The backup will include all files in the data directory and tablespaces,
   including the configuration files and any additional files placed in the
   directory by third parties. Only regular files and directories are allowed
   in the data directory, no symbolic links or special device files.
  </para>

  <para>
   The way <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> manages tablespaces, the path
   for all additional tablespaces must be identical whenever a backup is
   restored. The main data directory, however, is relocatable to any location.
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>Examples</title>

  <para>
   To create a base backup of the server at <literal>mydbserver</literal>
   and store it in the local directory
   <filename>/usr/local/pgsql/data</filename>:
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_basebackup -h mydbserver -D /usr/local/pgsql/data</userinput>
</screen>
  </para>

  <para>
   To create a backup of the local server with one compressed
   tar file for each tablespace, and store it in the directory
   <filename>backup</filename>, showing a progress report while running:
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_basebackup -D backup -Ft -z -P</userinput>
</screen>
  </para>

  <para>
   To create a backup of a single-tablespace local database and compress
   this with <productname>bzip2</productname>:
<screen>
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_basebackup -D - -Ft | bzip2 &gt; backup.tar.bz2</userinput>
</screen>
   (This command will fail if there are multiple tablespaces in the
   database.)
  </para>
 </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
  <title>See Also</title>

  <simplelist type="inline">
   <member><xref linkend="APP-PGDUMP"></member>
  </simplelist>
 </refsect1>

</refentry>